1.

Process Design
2. Design: To design refers to the
process of originating and
developing a plan for a product,
service or process.Process: Is
any part of an organization
which takes a set of input
resources which are then used
to transform something into
outputs of products or services.
3. Process Design Process design
Processes
that
Processes
thatDesign Products Produce
Products and Services and
Services
Supply
Network
DesignConcept
Generation
Screening Layout and Flow
Preliminary Design Evaluation
and Improvement Process Job
Technology
DesignPrototyping
and final design
4. Nature of the design activity:1)
Design is inevitable products,
services and the processes
which produce them all have to
be designed.2) Product design
influences process design
decisions taken during the
design of a product or service
will have an impact on the
decisions taken during the
design of the process which
produces those products or
services and vice versa.
5.

Product & services design are

interrelated to its process
design Designing the Designing
the Product or Processes that
Service Produce the Product or
Service Processes should be
Products and services designed
so they can should be designed
in create all products such a
way that they and services

which can be created the

operation is likely effectively to
introduceDecisions taken during
the design of the product or
service will have an impact on
the process that produces them
and vice versa
6. Process
Design
and
Product/Service
Design
are
Interrelated To commit to the
detailed design of a product or
service consideration must be
given to how it is to be
produced. Design of process
can constrain the design of
products and services. The
overlap is greater in the service
industry: Service industry - it
is
impossible
to
separate
service design and process
design they are the same
thing. Manufacturing industry
- it is possible to separate
product design and process
design but it is beneficial to
consider them together because
the design of products has a
major effect on the cost of
making them.
7. Process and product/service
design must satisfy customer
Products/services
designer
customers satisfaction criteria
Aesthetically
pleasing

Reliability Meets expectation

Inexpensive Quality Easy to
manufacture and deliver
Speedy
Process
designer
customers satisfaction achieved
through: Layout Location
Process technology Human
skills
8. The design activity is itself a
process Finished designs which
are:
TRANSFORMED
High

quality:
Error-free
designs
RESOURCES which fulfil their
purpose
in
a
Technical
information
effective
and
creative way Market information
Time
information
Speedily
produced: Designs which have
moved from concept to detailed
THE DESIGN specification in a
short time INPUTS OUTPUT
ACTIVITY Dependably delivered:
Designs which are delivered
when promised Test and design
equipment Produced flexibly:
Design and technical which
include the latest ideas staff to
emerge during the process
TRANSFORMING
Low
cost:
Designs produced RESOURCES
without consuming excessive
resources
9. Designing processes Process
mapping
Process
mapping
symbols Improving processes
Process
performance
Throughput, cycle time & work
in process
10. Process mapping Used to
identify
different
types
of
activities. Shows the flow of
material,
people
or
information. Critical analysis of
process maps can improve the
process.
11.Process performance Process
performance can be judge
against
the
five
key
performance
objective:

Quality

Speed

Dependability Flexibility
Cost
12. Throughput,
work
content,
cycle time, and work in process
Throughput the time for a

unit to move through the

process Work content the
total amount of work required to
produce a unit of output
(measured in time) Cycle time
The average time between
units of output emerging form
the process Work in process
(WIP) unfinished items in a
production process waiting for
further processing e. g. when
customers join a queue in a
process they become WIP
throughput = work in process x
cycle time
13. Process Types
14.Project
Processes
One-off,
complex, large scale, high work
content products Specially
made, every one customized
Defined start and finish: time,
quality and cost objectives
Many different skills have to be
coordinated
Fixed
position
layout
15.Project Process
16.Jobbing Processes Very small
quantities: one-offs, or only a
few required Specially made.
High variety, low repetition.
Skill requirements are usually
very broad Skilled jobber, or
team of jobbers complete whole
product Fixed position or
process layout (routing decided
by jobbers)
17.Jobbing Process
18.Batch
Processes
Higher
volumes and lower variety than
for jobbing Standard products,
repeating demand. But can
make
specials
Specialized,
narrower
skills
Set-ups

(changeovers) at each stage of

production Process or cellular
layout
19.Batch Process
20.Mass (Line) Processes Higher
volumes than Batch Standard,
repeat products Low and/or
narrow skills No set-ups, or
almost instantaneous ones Cell
or product layout
21.Mass Process
22. Continuous Process Extremely
high volumes and low variety:
often single product Standard,
repeat products Highly capital-

intensive and automated Few

changeovers required Difficult
and expensive to start and stop
the process Product layout:
usually flow along conveyors or
pipes
23. Continuous Process
24.Manufacturing process Service
process types types High High
Project
Professional
service
Jobbing Service shop Variety
Variety Batch Mass Continuous
Low Mass service Low Volume
High Low Volume High