CHAPTER-1

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Chapter-1
INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Our main aim to develop this project is to automate the various
activities of the school. The project School Management System A case
study of GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.) is designed once and can be
updated many times, so the burden of maintenance is short listed by some
general guidelines:
The project consist with using number of tables and queries. Every table is
filled with specific data such as student information, result record. That will
provide information about:
Keeping the records of the Students.
Keeping the records about the result of the students.
Calculation of the admission fee and monthly fee.
In this project MS Access will be used to store information which will use as
the back end.
The front end of the project will be in VB.NET the end of the project is
designed keeping in mind that:
1. The records can be successfully added, deleted according to the user
needs.
2. To calculate the admission fee and monthly fee of the students.

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1.2 CONCEPT OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT

A school is the basal unit of the big hierarchy of
educational administration. To-day, as never before, India needs educational
institutions not only to guard its past but also to advance its future. The
destiny of India is now being shaped in the class room this is the
assessment of situation by the first ever comprehensive commission (196466) on Indian education.
Characteristics of Successful School Management
1. Flexibility.
2. Practicability.
3. Conformity to the social & political philosophy of the country.
4. Efficiency.
5. Successful achievement of desired objectives.
Objective of School Management
1.

To reflect and conserve basic values.

2.

To carry out educational futures.

3.

To manage social changes.

4.

To profit by experience.

5.

To carry out Modernization.

6.

To propagate Science.

7.

To adopt technology.

8.

To realize National Integration.

9.

To form character and value

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1.3 CONCEPT OF MECHANIZATION, AUTOMATION

AND COMPUTERIZATION
MECHANI
ZATION
Mechanization or mechanisation (BE) is providing human operators
with machinery to assist them with the physical requirements of work. It can
also refer to the use of machines to replace manual labour or animals. A step
beyond mechanization is automation. The use of hand powered tools is not
an example of mechanization.
The term is most often used in industry. The addition of powered
machine tools, such as the steam powered lathe dramatically reduced the
amount of time needed to carry out various tasks, and improves productivity.
Today very little construction of any sort is carried out with hand tools.
CONCEPT OF AUTOMATION
Automation plays an increasingly important role in the global economy and
in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with
mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a
rapidly

expanding

range

of

applications

and

human

activities.

Automation or industrial automation or numerical control is the use of

control systems such as computers to control industrial machinery and
processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas
mechanization provided human operators with machinery to assist them with
the physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for

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human sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can
also be automated.
Many roles for humans in industrial processes presently lie
beyond the scope of automation. Human-level pattern recognition, language
recognition, and language production ability are well beyond the capabilities
of modern mechanical and computer systems. Tasks requiring subjective
assessment or synthesis of complex sensory data, such as scents and sounds,
as well as high-level tasks such as strategic planning, currently require
human expertise. In many cases, the use of humans is more cost-effective
than mechanical approaches even where automation of industrial tasks is
possible. Specialized hardened computers, referred to as programmable logic
controllers (PLCs), are frequently used to synchronize the flow of inputs
from (physical) sensors and events with the flow of outputs to actuators and
events. This leads to precisely controlled actions that permit a tight control
of almost any industrial process. Human-machine interfaces (HMI) or
computer human interfaces (CHI), formerly known as man-machine
interfaces, are usually employed to communicate with PLCs and other
computers, such as entering and monitoring temperatures or pressures for
further automated control or emergency response. Service personnel who
monitor and control these interfaces are often referred to as stationary
engineers.
Impact
Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of highly
visible industries beyond manufacturing. Once-ubiquitous telephone
operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone
switchboards and answering machines. Medical processes such as
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primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory

analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much
greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Automated teller
machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry
out transactions. In general, automation has been responsible for the
shift in the world economy from agrarian to industrial in the 19th
century and from industrial to services in the 20th century. The
widespread impact of industrial automation raises social issues, among
them its impact on employment. Historical concerns about the effects
of automation date back to the beginning of the industrial revolution,
when a social movement of English textile machine operators in the
early 1800s known as the Luddites protested against Jacquard's
automated weaving looms often by destroying such textile machines
that they felt threatened their jobs. One author made the following
case. When automation was first introduced, it caused widespread fear.
It was thought that the displacement of human operators by
computerized systems would lead to severe unemployment. Critics of
automation contend that increased industrial automation causes
increased unemployment; this was a pressing concern during the 1980s.
One argument claims that this has happened invisibly in recent years,
as the fact that many manufacturing jobs left the United States during
the early 1990s was offset by a one-time massive increase in IT jobs at
the same time. Some authors argue that the opposite has often been
true, and that automation has led to higher employment. Under this
point of view, the freeing up of the labour force has allowed more
people to enter higher skilled managerial as well as specialized
consultant/contractor jobs (like cryptographers), which are typically
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higher paying. One odd side effect of this shift is that "unskilled
labour" is in higher demand in many first-world nations, because fewer
people are available to fill such jobs.
At first glance, automation might appear to devalue labor through its
replacement with less-expensive machines; however, the overall effect of
this on the workforce as a whole remains unclear. Today automation of the
workforce is quite advanced, and continues to advance increasingly more
rapidly throughout the world and is encroaching on ever more skilled jobs,
yet during the same period the general well-being and quality of life of most
people in the world (where political factors have not muddied the picture)
have improved dramatically. What role automation has played in these
changes has not been well studied.
Current emphasis
Currently, for manufacturing companies, the purpose of automation
has shifted from increasing productivity and reducing costs, to broader
issues, such as increasing quality and flexibility in the manufacturing
process.
The old focus on using automation simply to increase productivity and
reduce costs was seen to be short-sighted, because it is also necessary to
provide a skilled workforce who can make repairs and manage the
machinery. Moreover, the initial costs of automation were high and often
could not be recovered by the time entirely new manufacturing processes
replaced the old. (Japan's "robot junkyards" were once world famous in the
manufacturing industry.)

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Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the

manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially.
For example, automobile and truck pistons used to be installed into engines
manually. This is rapidly being transitioned to automated machine
installation, because the error rate for manual installment was around 11.5%, but has been reduced to 0.00001% with automation. [5] Hazardous
operations, such as oil refining, the manufacturing of industrial chemicals,
and all forms of metal working, were always early contenders for
automation.
Another major shift in automation is the increased emphasis on flexibility
and convertibility in the manufacturing process. Manufacturers are
increasingly demanding the ability to easily switch from manufacturing
Product A to manufacturing Product B without having to completely rebuild
the production lines. Flexibility and distributed processes have led to the
introduction of Automated Guided Vehicles with Natural Features
Navigation.
Automation tool
Different types of automation tools exist:
ANN - Artificial neural network
DCS - Distributed Control System
HMI - Human Machine Interface
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
PLC - Programmable Logic Controller
CONCEPT OF COMPUTERIZATION

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It's the introduction of machinery or computers to carry out tasks that

were once done by manual labour, e.g. car production was once labour
intense but the introduction of machinery and robotic arms and computers
alleviated the need for manual labour to carry out repetitive tasks .
The introduction of automation and computer technology and robotics led to
the shedding of labour forced into redundancy as tasks were and still are
replaced with the knock on effect of increased unemployment. It is an
ongoing process with the positive side being the advancement of technology
and opportunities in that field . good luck . need any more , shout .
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according
to a list of instructions.
The first devices that resemble modern computers date to the
mid-20th century (19401945), although the computer concept and various
machines similar to computers existed earlier. Early electronic computers
were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred
modern personal computers (PC). Modern computers are based on tiny
integrated circuits and are millions to billions of times more capable while
occupying a fraction of the space.
Today, simple computers may be made small enough to fit into a wristwatch
and be powered from a watch battery. Personal computers, in various forms,
are icons of the Information Age and are what most people think of as "a
computer"; however, the most common form of computer in use today is the
embedded computer. Embedded computers are small, simple devices that are
used to control other devicesfor example; they may be found in machines
ranging from fighter aircraft to industrial robots, digital cameras, and
children's toys.
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The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes
computers extremely versatile and distinguishes them from calculators. The
ChurchTuring thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any
computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of
performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore,
computers with capability and complexity ranging from that of a personal
digital assistant to a supercomputer are all able to perform the same
computational tasks given enough time and storage capacity.
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOLS,
COMPUTERIZATION AND AUTOMATION
SCHOOL MANAGEMENT
A school is the basal unit of the big hierarchy of educational
administration. To-day, as never before, India needs educational institutions
not only to guard its past but also to advance its future. The destiny of India
is now being shaped in the class room this is the assessment of situation by
the first ever comprehensive commission (1964-66) on Indian education.
Characteristics of Successful School Management
1. Flexibility.
2. Practicability.
3. Conformity to the social & political philosophy of the country.
4. Efficiency.
5. Successful achievement of desired objectives.
Objective of Schools Management
1.

To reflect and conserver basic values.

2.

To carry out educational futures.

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3.

To manage social change.

4.

To profit by experience.

5.

To carry out Modernization.

6.

To propagate Science.

7.

To adopt technology.

8.

To Realize National integration.

9.

To form character and values.

SCHOOL ORGANIZATION
School organization is a combination of two work, Viz, School and
organization. In order to understand the meaning of school organization, it is
essential to understand the meaning of school and organization separately.
The purpose of school organization and the administration is to raise the
standard of education. Many factors have contributed to the decline in the
standard of school education in India, but the main ones among them are the
administrative difficulties of inspection or supervision and survey. Hence the
Education Commission has offered the following suggestions for improving
the standard of education at the school level:
1. A common method of public education should be evolved.
2. School education should be organized at the national level, with their
distinct objective(a) Bringing all institutions to a certain minimum standard,
(b) Giving each institution the opportunity to develop to the highest
level of which is capable,
(c) Taking each institution to the idea point within the next ten years.
3. The officer of the district education officer should be made effective.

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4. All kinds of programmes should be organized in the certainly

administrated territories.
COMPUTERIZATION AND AUTOMATION
It's the introduction of machinery or computers to carry out tasks
that were once done by manual labour, e.g. students information, students
result records, calculating their fee in an educational institute is done
manually, which are time consuming and of much labour, but the
introduction of machinery and robotic arms and computers alleviated the
need for manual labour to carry out repetitive tasks.
The introduction of automation and computer technology and robotics
led to the shedding of labour forced into redundancy as tasks were and still
are replaced with the knock on effect of increased unemployment. It is an
ongoing process with the positive side being the advancement of technology
and opportunities in that field, Good luck need any more, shout.
Computerisation and automation of activities of schools results in
reduction of labour, time consumption and clerical mistakes and increase in
the accuracy.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs
makes computers extremely versatile. Any computer with a certain
minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks
that any other computer can perform. Therefore, computers with capability
and complexity ranging from that of a personal digital assistant to a
supercomputer are all able to perform the same computational tasks given
enough time and storage capacity.

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CH APTER-2

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CHAPTER-2
NEED, OBJECTIVES & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
NEED OF STUDY
Here is the need to make a project School Management System
A case study of GGS Public High School Mandi(H.P.).
The project maintains the records of the students, their result records and
calculating their admission fee and monthly fee.
Since all the records are maintained by handwritten, the procedure is quite
lengthy and time consuming. So there is a need of such kind of project.
Objectives of the study:
1. To develop a fully computerized system with the
fulfillment of most of the needs.
2. To study the computerization of different activities of
the school.
3. To study the present status of computerization in GGS
Public High School Mandi(H.P.).
4. To make a software for the automation of various
activities of the school.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The information regarding this project is collected from GGS Public
High School Mandi(H.P.). And other required information is gathered from
Internet. In this project all the work is done in high level language
VB.NET and MS-ACCESS. VB.NET will serve as the Front-End and
MS-Access will serve as the Back-End for the project.
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What is .NET?
.NET represents an entire range of technologies and concepts that form a
platform on which you can develop applications. Visual Basic .NET does
have an actual version number, 7.0 the number just isnt used often. Just as
windows 2000 is really Windows NT version 5.0, the simpler or catchier
name will generally be the one commonly used. Dont expect to hear Visual
Basic 7.0 often though; there was even a cash penalty inside Microsoft for
referring to windows 2000 as NT 5.0. .NET is a layer that exists beneath
your programs and provides a set of base services and functions. This layer
contains a set of applications and operating systems called the .NET servers;
a foundation set of objects called .NET framework, and a set of services that
support all the .NET languages, called the Common Language Runtime
(CLR). .NET is more than just one thing; it is a collection of software and
concepts that work together to enable the creation of business solutions.

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.NET Servers
A major goal of the .NET concept is to decrease the building of
distributed system, in which the work is done in several different locations.
For the most part, these types of systems do their work on the back end, at
the server level. Microsoft provides a set of Software products that together
are known as the .NET Enterprise servers. They are designed to supply the
back end features needed by a distributed system. These products include
The server operating system, Microsoft Windows
Clustering and load balancing software such as

Microsoft App Center

and Microsoft cluster server.

A database server, Microsoft SQL server
An e-mail, collaboration, and free-form information storage
System, Microsoft Exchange Server
A data-transformation engine based around XML called
Microsoft Biz Talk Server
A server for accessing legacy systems, such as AS/400s, called Host Integration
server
And more..
Together these servers supply base services to .NET applications, forming the
foundation of systems.

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.NET Framework
In the move to Visual Basic .NET, many things have changed radically;
one of them is the development of a new foundation to all the .NET
develo0pment tools. This foundation, known as the .NET framework, provides
two key things: the base runtime environment and a set of foundation classes.
The runtime environment is similar to the operating system in that it provides a
layer between your program and the complexities of the rest of the system,
performing services for your application and simplifying access to the
functionality of the lower layers. The foundation classes provide a large set of
functionality, wrapping, and abstraction such technologies as Internet protocols,
file system access, XML manipulation, and more. The .NET framework is similar
in many ways to the operating system, and it provides its own set of APIs to
make it easy for programmers to take advantage of its capabilities. Figure
illustrates the frameworks relationship to your code and to the underlying
services of the operating system.

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MS Access
MS Access is a powerful multi-user database. It can be used to store
and manipulate large amount of information and automate repetitive tasks.
By using MS Access it is easy to use data input forms. Data in Access is
organized in the form of tables. Database in Access has a default extension
of (.accdb).
Features:1. Window based Application.
2. Large data management capacity.
3. Importing, exporting and linking external files.
4. Built in functions.

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CHAPTER-3

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CHAPTER-3
PROFILE OF GGS PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOL MANDI
GGS Public High School Mandi (H.P.) is a private educational
institution. This school is suited at Mandi (H.P.). This School was started on
2003. The very first batches of each class were started on April 2003.
Mr. Surender Rana has started this school. Mr. Surender Rana is the
principal of GGS Public High School Mandi (H.P.). The school has well
educated and experienced staff.
This is a Higher Secondary School. This school provides the education from
6th standard to 10th standard classes. This school also provides the IT
education for the students of all classes. The school has three laboratories
Viz Physics lab, Chemistry lab, and IT lab.
The school has got excellent result every year. Students get good positions in
the board examinations. Some of them got place in the merit list of the board
examinations. School is also good in Sports activities.

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CHAPTER-4

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CHAPTER-4
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
The word system covers a verb rod spectrum of concepts. In our daily life,
we come into contact with the Transportation system, the Electronic system,
the electronic system, the accounting system, and the computer system.
Similarly, business systems are the means by which business organization
achieve their predefined goals. A business system combines policies,
personnel, and equipment and computer facilities to co-ordinate the
activities of a business organization. Essentially, a business system
represents an organized way of achieving the pre-determined objective of an
organization.
There are various definitions of the word system, but most of them seem
to have a common idea that suggest that a system is an orderly grouping of
independent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a
specific goal. The word component may refer to physical parts, managerial
steps or a subsystem in a multilevel structure. The components may be
simple or complex, basic or advanced. They may be single computer with a
keyboard, memory and printer or series of intelligent terminals linked to a
main frame.
Steps in SDLC are:
System Analysis
System Design
System Testing

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System Analysis
Problem
The success of a system depends largely on how accurately a problem is
defined, thoroughly investigated, and properly carried out through the choice
of solution. User need identification and analysis are concerned with what
the user needs rather then what he/she wants. Not until the problem has
been identified, defined, and evaluated should the analyst think

about

solutions and whether the problem is worth solving. This step is intended to
help the user and the analyst understand the real problem rather then its
symptoms.
The

user or the analyst may identify the need for a candidate

system or for enhancements in the existing system. For example, the cashier
of a bank may become concerned about the long customer lines in the
lobby or about the number of tellers who are over or short when
they balance their cash. Similarly, an analyst who is the familiar with the
operation

may

point

out a bottleneck and suggest improvements.

Often problems come into focus after a joint meeting between the
user and the analyst. In either case, the user initiates an investigation
by filling out a request from for information. The request provides for
statements of objectives and expected benefits.
The objectives of the problem situation must be understood within
the framework of the organizations MIS objectives. If objectives are
misunderstood, it is easy to solve the wrong problem. It illustrates that the
successful design of a system requires a clear knowledge of what the system
is intended to do.

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System analysis and design refers to the process of examining

the business situation with the intent of improving it through better
procedures and methods. System development can generally be thought of
as having two major components: System Analysis & System Design.
System Design is the process of planning a new system or replace or
complement the existing system. But before this planning can be done, we
must thoroughly understand the existing system and determine how
computers can best be used to make its operation more effective. It also
includes the construction of program and program testing. The major steps
are:
1)

The first step is to determine how the output is to be produced and in

which format. Samples of output are also presented.

2)

The operational phases are handled through program construction and

testing of a list of programs needed to meet the system objectives and

complete documentation.
3)

The finally detail related to justification of the system and an estimate

of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organization are
documented.
4)

The final report prior to the implementation of phases to procedure

flow chart, record and report, layout and a workload program for
implementation the candidate system.
5)

Cost must also be available at this point. Projected costs must be

closed to actual cost of implementation.

System analysis then is the process of gathering and interpreting facts,
diagnosing problems and using the information to recommend improvement
to the system should do. Design states how accomplish the objective.

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Normalization
The basic Objectives of normalization are to reduce redundancy, which
means that information is to be stored only once. Storing

information

several times leads to wastage of storage space and increase in the total size
of data stored. Relations are normalized so that when relation in the
database are to be altered during the lifetime of the database, we dont lose
information or introduce inconsistencies. The type of alterations normally
needed for relation is:
Insertion of new data values to relation. This should be possible
without being forced to leave blank fields for some attributes.
Deletion of a tuple, namely, a row of a relation . This should be
possible without losing vital information unknowingly.
Functional Dependency
As the concept of dependency is very important, it is essential that we
first understand it will and then proceed to the idea of normalization. There
is no fool-proof algorithmic method of identifying dependency. We have to
use our commonsense and judgments of specify dependencies.
Properties of normalized relations:Ideals relation after normalization should have the following
properties: No data values should be duplicated in different rows
unnecessarily. A value must be specified (and required) for every attribute in
a row. Each relation should be self-contained. In other words, if a row from a
relation is deleted, important information should not be accidentally lost.
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When a row is added to a relation, other relations in the database should not
be affected. A value of an attribute in a tuple may be changed independent of
other tuples in the relation and other relations.
First Normalization
First normal form, abbreviated as 1NF. This form is also called a
flat-file. There is no composite attributes, and every attribute is single and
describe one property. Converting a relation to the 1NF is the first essential
step of normalization. There are successive higher normal forms known as
2NF, 3NF, BCNF, 4NF and 5NF. Each form is improvement over the earlier
form.

1NF
2NF
3NF
4NF
5NF

Figure 1: Successive normal forms of a relation

Dependency among attributes in a relation. Identification of an
attribute or asset of attributes as the key of a relation. Multivalued
dependency between attributes.

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Second Normal Form Relation

We will now define relation in Second Normal Form (2NF). A
relation is said to be in 2NF if is it is in 1NF and non-key attributes are
functionally dependent on the key attribute. Further, if the key has more
then one attribute

then no

non key attribute should be functionally

dependent upon the part of key attributes.

Third Normal Form
A Third Normal Form normalization will be needed where all
attribute in a relation tuple is not functionally dependent only one key
attribute. If two non-key attributes are functionally dependent, then there
will be unnecessary duplication of data.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Assume that a relation as more then one possible key. Assume
further that the composite key have a common attribute. If an attribute of a
composite key is dependent on an attribute of the other composite key, a
normalization called BCNF is needed.
Fourth and Fifth Normal Form
When attribute in a relation have Multivalued dependency, further
Normalization to 4NF and 5NF required.

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Feasibility Study
Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing.
The process followed in marking this determination is called a feasibility
study. This type of study determines if a project can and should be taken
once it has been determined that a project is feasible, the analyst can go
ahead and prepare the project specification which finalizes project
requirements.
The important outcome of the proposed system is the determination
whether the system requested a feasible or not. That requirements need for a
rigorous feasibility study in the conduct of the feasibility study, the
analyst will usually consider three distinct but interrelated types of
feasibility. They are:
Technical Feasibility
This is the concerned with specifying equipment and software that
will success fully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the
system may vary considerably, but might include. The facility to produce
output in a given time. Response time under certain conditions ability to
process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed. Facility to
communicate data to distant location.
In technical feasibility, configuration of the systems is given more
importance their actual make a hardware. The configuration should give the
complete picture about the systems requirement how many works
section are required, how these units are interconnected so that they could
operate and communicate smoothly what speeds of input and output should
be achieved at particular quality of printing. Specific hardware and software
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products can then be evaluated. Keeping in view with the logical needs out
of all types of feasibility, technical feasibility generally is the most difficult
to determine.
Operational Feasibility
It is mainly related to human organizational and Political aspects.
The points to be considered are:
What change will be brought with the system?
What organizational structure is disturbed?
What new skill will be required?
Generally project wills not rejected simply because of operational
infeasibility but such considerations are likely to critically affect the nature
and scope of the eventual recommendations.
This feasibility study is carried out by a small group of people who
are familiar with information system techniques, who understand the parts
of the business that are relevant to the project and are skilled in system
analysis design process.
Economical Feasibility
Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for
evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed system. More commonly known
as cost/benefit analysis; the procedure is to determine the benefits and
saving that are expected from a proposed system and compare them with
costs. If benefits outweigh costs, a decision is taken to design and
implement the system other wise, further justification or alternative in the
proposed system will have to be made if it is to have a chance of being

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approved. This is an on going effort that improves in accuracy at each phase

of the system life cycle.

System Design
System Modules
This system is based on a lot of data base inter-relationships. The
user is however kept opaque to all of these interrelationships and will
feel as if he is working with the single integrated system. To keep the
resends of each students and to store information of each students we
design different tables.
Data Base Design
The selection of the tables and the access was method of the
system is aimed at providing efficient processing capability while at
the same time minimizing the redundancy and inconsistency of the data
between various files MS-ACCESS is used as it provides all the above
mentioned qualities. All the tables in the system are in the normalized
form following is the detailed discussions of all the tables are used in
the system in addition the contents of each record are listed. The primary
key(s) are the with not null attribute. Each table has its own primary keys
which uniquely identify each record.
The system consists of the following files about the students:
Master Files
Master files of the system are those in which the data are entered
during the enrollment of the employee in the organization.

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Transaction files
An input validation check has been placed in all of the transaction
tables. If the student with the student roll-number exists in the master these
transaction tables allows to enter, modify data otherwise student does not
exist in the master would we found.

Testing
No program or system design is perfect; communication between the
user and designer is not always complete or clear; and time is usually short.
The result is errors and more errors. The number and nature of errors in a
new design depend on several factors:
Communication between the user and the designer.
The programmers ability to generate a code that reflects exactly the
system specification.
The time frame for the design.
Theoretically, a newly designed system should have all the pieces in
working order, but in reality, each piece works independently. Now is the
time to put all the pieces into one system and test it to determine whether it
meets the users requirements. Testing is vital to the success of the system.
System testing makes a logical assumption that if all the parts of system are
correct, the goal will be successfully achieved. Non-testing leads to errors
that may not appear until months later. This creates two problems:
a) The time lag between the cause and the appearance of the problem,
and
b) The effect of system errors on files and records within the system.

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Types of System Tests

System testing begins by testing programs modules separately, followed
by testing bundled modules as a unit. A program module may function
perfectly in isolation but fail when interfaced with other modules. The
approach is to test each entity with successively larger ones, up to the system
last level. System testing consisting of the following steps:
Program(s) testing
String testing
System testing
System documentation
User acceptance testing
1. Program testing
A program represents the logical elements of a system. For a program
to run satisfactorily, it must compile and test data correctly and tie in
properly with other programs. Achieving and error free program is the
responsibility of the programmer. Program testing checks for two types of
errors: syntax and logic. A syntax error is a program statement that violates
one or more rules of the language in which it is written. A logic error, on the
other hand, deals with incorrect date fields, out of range items, and invalid
combination.

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2. String testing
Programs are invariably related to one another and interact in a total
system. Each program is tested to see whether it conforms to related
programs in the system. Each portion of the system is tested against the
entire module with both test and live data before the entire system is ready to
be tested.
3. System testing
System testing is design to uncover weaknesses that were not found in
earlier tests. This includes forced system failure and validation of the total
system as it will be implemented by its user(s) in the operational
environment. Generally, it bring with low volume of transaction based on
live data.
4. System documentation
All design and test documentation should be finalized and entered in the
library for the further reference. This library is the central location for
maintenance of the new system. The format, organization, and language of
each documentation should be in line with the system standards.

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CHAPTER-5

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Chapter-5
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATION, DIRECTION FOR
FURTHER SCOPE OF STUDY
This project School Management System A case study of GGS
Public High School Mandi (H.P.).has helped me to know much about the
Organisation and Management of Schools. The coding of this project is done
in VB.NET language.
The system is more flexible as it provides easy addition, deletion,
modification and insertions of the records and check for uniqueness
simultaneously the system is also very user friendly and thoroughly checks
for the inputs. There are different forms and tables are used. The data is
stored in tables automatically. I tried my best to do this project.
However the whole system can not be changed, but the computerized system
designed not only saves time but at the same time reduces labour &
expenditures. In traditional system, there were lot of irregularities founds in
generating data to where as in modified and computerized system in every
problem overcome with the press of button. This system provides the
security from loss, disclosure, modification and destruction of data. This
system provides integrity of proper functioning of programs.

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OUTPUT WINDOWS
SPLASH FORM

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LOGIN FORM

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MDI FORM

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CHANGE PASSWORD FORM

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CREATE NEW USER FORM

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NEW ADMISSION FORM

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VIEW OR UPDATE OR DELETE

ADMISSIONDETAILS

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ADMISSION FEE FORM

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MONTHLY FEE FORM

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RESULT RECORD FORM

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UPDATE RESULT RECORD FORM

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STUDENTS REPORT

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VIEW ALL AQDMISSION FEE COLLECTION

REPORT

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VIEW ALL MONTHLY FEE COLLECTION REPORT

Bibliography
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Elias System Analysis and Design- Galgotia Publications.

Pressman, Roger S. Software Engineering, -McGraw-Hill
Publications.
MS-ACCESS- BPB Publications
Mastering in VB.Net -BPB Publications
Black Book-Visual Basic.Net Programming
Prince, Anne Murachs Beginning Visual Basic .NET- Murach
Publications
Deitel & Deitel Visual Basic .NET How to Program- Prentice
Hall Publications
Halvorson, Michael Microsoft Visual Basic .NET Step by Step
Microsoft Press Publications
Cornell, Gary Morrison & Jonathan- Programming VB.NET
Apress Publications
Blair et all, Richard Beginning VB.NET (2nd Edition)- Wrox
Press Publications

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