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Prevention of the atmosphere
KRNYEZETGAZDLKODSI
AGRRMRNKI MSC
(MSc IN AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL
STUDIES)
Place of atmospheric
contamination II.
(The state variables)
Lecture 2
Lessons 4-6
Lesson 4
The atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric pressure
The air pressure (P) is a force exerted by the atmosphere
on a unit area of Earth surface (A). The balance of forces
results as follows:
[ P( z + dz ) P ( z )] A + dzg = 0]
where z: altitude
: air density
g: acceleration
Similarly to the distribution of the mass of air, the air
pressure is also a function of altitude. Up to 90% of total
mass located in the troposphere.
www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1400/atmos_struct.html
Altitude (km)
0
100
5.6
50
16.2
10
31.2
48.1
0.1
65.1
0.01
79.2
0.001
100
0.00003
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textboo
k/circulation/cyclones_and_anticyclones.html
Lesson 5
Actual weather in cyclone and antycyclone
Drawing an isomap
Cyclone transports,
and wet deposition
washes out the
pollutants
www.uwsp.edu/.../cyclones_and_anticyclones.html
Lesson 6
Basics in air temperatures. The gas laws
Celsius (t)
Kelvin (T)
Fahrenheit
Reummer
Grades
Melting point
of ice on
mean air
pressure
(1013 hPa)
Steam
temperature
above boiling
water (mean
air pressure)
100
100
180
80
0C
273.15 K
32F
0R
100C
373.15 K
212F
80R
xC = x + 32 F
5
5
x F = ( x 32 )
C
9
Air density ()
The mass (m) of air in a unit volume (V):
=
m
V
kg
m 3
V
=
m
m3
kg
pV = k
Gay-Lussac law: the volume, V is constant
p1 p2
=
T1 T2
Combined law (combination of the above two laws and
Charles law)
p1V1 p2V2
=
T1
T2