ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES

ARCHITECTURE SCIENCE 3
BUILDING SCIENCE 142

LECTURE 1
Passive Design With Climate

ARCHITECTURE
CLIMATE

NEEDS

CULTURE

SOCIETY
TECHNOLOGY
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ADAPTATION OF SHELTER TO CLIMATE

The ancients recognized that regional adaptation was an

essential principle of architecture. Vitruvius said in De
Architectura
For the style of buildings ought manifestly to be different in Egypt
andd Spain,
S i iin Pontus
P
andd Rome,
R
andd in
i countries
i andd regions
i
off
various characters. For in one part the earth is oppressed by the
sun in its course; in another part the earth is far removed from it;
in another it is affected by it at a moderate distance

Source: OLGYAY, VICTOR, Design With Climate: Bioclimatic Approach To Architectural

Regionalism, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1963, page 2
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Source: Louis Hellmann,

Architecture For Beginners

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SPATIAL SYSTEM OF CLIMATE

1. GLOBAL CLIMATE associated with wind belts
(movement of air masses) from temperature and pressure
changes, resulted from the tilt of the earths axis, earths
rotation, land and sea masses. Eg: World Climate
2. REGIONAL MACRO CLIMATE horizontal scale up to
1000 km and vertical scale upp to 10 km (4
( major
j sub divisions).
)
Eg: Europe, Asia, North / South- America
1. LOCAL (TOPO) CLIMATE Topoclimate has variations up
to 10 km horizontally and vertical effects up to 1 km. Eg:
Cambodia, China, Russia, etc
2. MICRO CLIMATE with limits of about 1 km horizontally
and up to 100 m vertically. Eg: Mondulkiri vs. Phnom Penh City
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SUB-DIVISIONS OF REGIONAL MACROCLIMATE

1. Cool Region
2. Temperate Region
3. Hot Arid Region
4. Hot Humid Region

Source: OLGYAY, VICTOR, Design With Climate: Bioclimatic Approach To Architectural

Regionalism, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1963, page 6
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VENTILATION

Ventilation caused by the stack

effect can be a great aid to
comfort in humid areas when
there is little or no air movement

Hot Humid Region

Source: ALLAN KONYA, Design Primer For Hot Climate, London, Architecture Press
Ltd, 1980, page 52
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VENTILATION

AIDS FOR COOLING

Ventilation caused by the stack

effect can be a great aid to
comfort in humid areas when
there is little or no air movement

Source: ALLAN KONYA, Design Primer For Hot Climate, London, Architecture Press
Ltd, 1980, page 52
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AIDS FOR COOLING

KONYA, Design Primer For Hot Climate, London, Architecture Press Ltd, 1980, page
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North-South Building Orientation

Source: ALLAN KONYA, Design Primer For Hot Climate, London, Architecture Press Ltd, 1980,
page 57
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HOT AIR RISES COLD AIR SINKS

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EVAPORATION

COMFORT

NATURAL
LIGHTING

SOURCE: SUN/ SOLAR

- Control of Heat

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NATURAL
VENTILATION

SOURCE: AIR
- Movement Of Air

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BUILDING DEVICES

BUILDING DEVICES

SUN SHADING DEVICES

NATURAL DEVICES
INTERNAL DEVICES
EXTERNAL DEVICES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

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BUILDING STRATEGIES

BUILDING STRATEGIES

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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PASSIVE COOLED BUILDING

1. AMPLE AIR MOVEMENT THROUGH AND

AROUND THE BUILDING
2. NORTH- SOUTH BUILDING ORIENTATION
3. OPEN PLAN CONCEPT
4. FULL HEIGHT OPENINGS

5. TIERED ROOF / HIGH LEVEL OPENING

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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PASSIVE COOLED BUILDING

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR
PASSIVE COOLED BUILDING

6. THIN INSULATED ROOF

11. LINEAR BUILDING PLANS

7. VOLUMETRIC SPACE

12. REFLECTIVE EXTERNAL WALL & THIN

BREEZE-TRANSPARENT INTERNAL WALL

8. EXPOSED ROOF STRUCTURE

13. HIGH CEILINGS

9. FREQUENT USE OF AREAS OF VEGETATION

10. COURTYARD DESIGN WITH WATER &
PLANTS
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14. HORIZONTAL/ LOW RISE DEVELOPMENT

15. IN-BETWEEN SPACES/ RECESSED WALL

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