Disaster Outlook 2016:

Policy and Legislation Challenges

Syamsul Ardiansyah
Dompet Dhuafa - National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
http://planasprb.net
syamsul@dompetdhuafa.org

2015: a year of transition

As July 2015, an estimated 114 million people in assessed countries were in need of humanitarian
assistance, compared to 40 million just over ten years ago

Leaving No One Behind: Humanitarian Effectiveness in the Age of Sustainable Development Goals OCHA Policy and Studies Series.

The world today spent around $25 billion to provide life saving assistance to 125 million people
devastated by war and natural disaster, it is twelve time greater than fifteen years ago. Despite
generosity of donors, there are funding gaps estimated $15 billion.

Too important to failaddressing the humanitarian financial gaps: High Level Panel on Humanitarian Financing (January 2016)

Asia and the Pacific is the worlds most disaster prone region.
Over the period 2005-2014, the region had 1,625 reported disaster events over 40% of the global total;
Approximately 500,000 people lost their lives, and around 1.4 billion people were affected or of the world
totals, the region accounted for 60 per cent of deaths and 80 per cent of those affected.
At the same time there was vast economic damage $523 billion worth accounting for 45 percent of global
damage.
Over the period 2005-2014 the most disaster prone sub-region was South-East Asia, with 512 events and
177,000 deaths three per 100,000 people

Asia Pacific Disaster Report 2015: Disaster Without Borders

7 targets; 13 Guiding
principles; 4 priority of
actions; 91 activities at
National-Local and GlobalRegional level.
Finance, Technology
transfer, and princip
CBDR&RC

17 Goals thatcompare to 8 MDGs

has more ambitious target (from
halfing to zero); goes beyond the
symptoms of poverty to issue of
peace, stability, human rights, and
good governance;

Sustainable
Development
Goals

Sendai
Framework for
DRR

AADMER Work Plan 3.0

Asia Pacific Regional Plan on
SFDRR

Who will be funded the process?

Paris
Agreement

Agenda
2030

Limiting global temperature increase

below 2 degrees C, making nationally
determined contribution as legally
binding, and extending global
commitment to $100 billion per
years in 2020.
Principle CBDR vs Applicable to all

Internalization of
disaster risk
reduction in the
national and local
level development
framework.

To achieve economic
independence by moving
the strategic sectors to
domestic economy.

Decreased
disaster risk
index in the high
risk centers of
growth

Disaster Management is not only about life saving activities,

but as an investment to secure all developments gain.

Decrease
vulnerability to
disaster
Increase capacity
of Government,
Local
Government, and
Community in
Disaster
Management

Center of Knowledge
Management

2015-19: Enhance
Effectiveness
Laboratorium of
Disaster

2010-14: Basic
Foundation
Supermarket of
Disaster

2004-09: Building
Commitments

Review UU
24/2007;
Penguatan
Kapasitas Personil
PB yang
Professional dan
ahli ; World Class
Training Center;
DRR Knowledge
Center

5th AMCDRR Yogyakarta ; Renas

PB, RAN PRB, MP12; Funding
from Rp.150 M to Rp.5T (up
3.300%)

DM Law 24/2007; PP 21, 22,

23/2008, Perpres 8/2008; BNPB,
BPBD, and National Platform

Source: BNPB

Lets make some

reality check

Disaster Risk Governance has been developed

Policy and
Regulation
Law No. 24 year
2007
Government
Regulation No.
21, 22, and 23
year 2008.
Regulations of the
Chief of BNPB
Local Regulation
on Disaster
Management at
Provincial and
District/City Level

Institutions

Planning

BNPB established
in 2008
BPBD at Provincial
and District Level

National Disaster
Management Plan
DRR Action Plan
Local DM Plan
Master Plan of 12
hazards

Finance
National Budget
for DM has been
increased.

Multistakeholder
Collaboration
National and
Local Platform of
DRR
Active role of
CSOs in DRR
Establishment of
cluster
coordination
system

Indonesia Progress on DRR

Priority 4: Reducing Underlying Risk

Factors

According to HFA 2005-2015

Priority for Action

2007-09

2007-09

2009-11

2011-13

2013-15

3.25

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.75

3 Use of knowledge and education

2.5

4 Reducing underlying risk factors

3.16

3.5

3.33

3.33

5 Preparedness

3.25

2.75

3.5

3.5

Average

3.03

3.35

3.61

3.66

1 Policy and Institution

2. Understanding Risk and EWS

risk impact
procedure on
infrastructure

2009-11

2011-13

Environmental and
nat-res management
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

post disaster
recovery

2013-15

social and economic

development
practices

Risk reduction on
economic activities

HFA report was basically saying that Institutional commitment

attained, but achievement are neither comprehensive nor substantial
Pengetahuan bencana meningkat, tapi belum berdampak signifikan.

Settlement and
building code

Avr: 2.5

Disaster Trend in Indonesia 2002-2015

1.967

1.941

2,000

Disaster Events, Fatality, and Affected

People in 2015

1.811
1,800

1.674

1.63
3

1,600

1,400

1.58
2

600
500
400
300
200
100
0

1000000
800000
600000
400000
200000
0

1.246
1.07
3

1,200

Number of Events

Fatality

Affected

1,000

775

740

800

Of 1.582 disaster event in 2015, 240 people were

loss their life; 1.18 million displaced, 24.365
houses damaged, 484 public facility also
damaged.

81
6

599
600

403
400

200

143

2002

2003

2004

Tsunami
Letusan Gunungapi
Kekeringan
Puting Beliung

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Gempabumi dan Tsunami

Gelombang Pasang / Abrasi
Banjir dan Tanah Longsor
Banjir

What about drought in 2015 El nino?

2011

2012

2013

2014

Gempabumi
Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan
Tanah Longsor

2015

More-than 95% of it was caused by hydrometeorological hazards and human-induced

disaster, dominated by extreme weather,
landslide, and floods. Landslide still be the most
deadly type of disaster.
Update: 14-12-2015
Source: BNPB

Five Provinces Most Affected by Disaster in 2015

80.66%
of the GDP
contributed by
two most
hazardous places
in Indonesia

Java Region
58.3%

Sumatra
Region
22.31%

Years
Gini Ratio

2007
0.35

Central Java

363

4.6

East Java

291

4.7

West Java

209

4.2

West Sumatra

93

Aceh

85

2008
0.35

2009
0.37

2010
0.38

13.5 of 28
million
people in absolute
poverty live in 3 most
prone provinces in
Indonesia

2011
0.41

2012
0.41

2013
0.41

Data: BNPB, BPS

2015 National Budget Allocation

on Disaster Management
Rp 15 trillion
spread over
28 Ministries
/ Agencies

2015 Budget Alocated

Post Disaster

Rp 19
trillion
Budget for DM in
2015

During Disaster

Rp 2.5 trillion
for emergency
handling and
Rp 1.5 trillion
for the disaster.

Rp 1.68
trillion in DIPA
BNPB while
Rp 13.32
trillion in DIPA
27 K / L.

Rp 4 trillion
Reserve Fund
for Disaster
Management
in the Ministry
of Finance

Pre-Disaster

5E+12

1E+13

1.5E+13

An average of only 0.02-0.07% of the

total budget annually allocated for
disaster management in the region.

Lesson learnt from the 2015

Forest and Peatland Fires
24 people died, more than 600,000 people
suffer from respiratory infection; More than 60
million people are exposed to the haze..
2.61 million hectares of forest were burned
(compare to 1997 = 9.2 million hectares);
Economic losses of Rp 221 trillion. It's beyond
the health sector and education (1997 loss of Rp
60 trillion) or 1.5% of Gross Domestic Product.
Losses germplasm, carbon and other emissions.

BNPB spent Rp 720 billion; these costs outside

of the funds expended by KLHK, Ministry of
Public Works, Ministry of Health, and other
stakeholders.

Most of the fires were actually happened in

peatland and create worst haze.

Around 89% fires outside of protected areas

and 51% outside of concessions.

Socio-tenurial and access to land was the

background of fire and haze which always
recurrent in the last 10 years.

What was lacking?

Almost no systematic and directed effort
to control the fires. Fires are not
anticipated early, left to develop enlarged
and difficult to control.
Government resources were mobilized to
extinguish the fire is not comparable with
the area that has to be overcome.
Efforts to address the impact seems to be
inadequate and not focused, especially in
the aspect of health for vulnerable groups.
Government, especially local government,
did not have proper scenarios to
anticipate disruption caused by haze in
order to maintain the continuity of basic
public services, particularly in education.

Our
Challenges!

NAWACITA Demands Greater Impact Inline with SFDRR, NAWACITA has

stressed that disaster management policy will no longer limited as life saving
activities but now it become an investment to build resilience.
By referring to HFA report, risk reduction in economic activities should be focused
and become the first priorities of disaster management development policies in
Indonesia. Leaderships and strong institutional arrangement will be required,
since disaster management should not only reduce the risk but also prevent the
creation of new risk.
Policy innovation. In addition to the progress that has been achieved at the
national level, Indonesia still faces considerable challenges in the disaster risk
governance at the local level. It takes creativity and policy innovations to
encourage equitable resources distribution.
Partnership and mutual accountability. By utilizing national and local DRR
platform, partnership with private sectors, philanthropic institutions, faith-based
organization, community/people based organization, could be initiated which is
based on mutual accountability. Thus multi-stakeholder collaboration can play an
important role in order to close the gap of resources and capacity at the local level.
In the context of national disaster management policy all above shall be started by
reviewing and improving our basic foundation of disaster risk governance in
Indonesia. It is time to review the Law No. 24 year 2007 on Disaster Management.

Terima kasih
Syamsul Ardiansyah

National Platform of Disaster Risk Reduction

Jln. KH Wahid Hasyim No. 2 Jakarta Pusat
20340. Phone +62-21-3928755, 3151869
www.planasprb.net
E-mail: syamsuladzic@gmail.com,
syamsul@dompetdhuafa.org

The National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction

is a container of multi-stakeholder cooperation in
the framework of mainstreaming disaster risk
reduction in Indonesia.
Formed in 2009 and the HFA period (2005-2015)
has been actively contribute in facilitating national
reporting HFA and also in strengthening the
capacity of the forums disaster risk reduction at
the local level.

Dhuafa Dhuafa was formed in 1993 as

managing public funds (infaq, zakat, alms, and
waqaf/endowments) for poverty alleviation and
community empowerment, which is actualized
in the form of economic empowerment, health,
education, and social-humanitarian.
In carrying out its mission, Dompet Dhuafa not
only focus in the country, but also has
developed services to several countries.

There are more than 100 organizations that are

members, consisting of government agencies,
non-government, academia, the media, and the
private sector.

Dompet Dhuafa is a founding member of the

World Zakat Forum, Humanitarian Forum
Indonesia, a member of the National Platform
for Disaster Risk Reduction, and other
cooperation forums.

Jln. KH Wahid Hasyim No. 2 Jakarta Pusat 20340.

Phone +62-21-3928755, 3151869
www.planasprb.net

Jln. Ir. H. Djuanda No. 50. Komp. Ciputat Indah

Permai, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan. Telp.
7416050. http://dompetdhuafa.org/