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  • Single Phase Transformer Measuremnets

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    Roma Patel
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    single phase transformer The AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator d

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    single phase transformer The AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator d

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    20 views3 pages

    Single Phase Transformer Measuremnets

    Uploaded by

    Roma Patel
    single phase transformer The AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator dThe AC current flowing in the generator during the sub-transient period is called the sub-transient current and is denoted by I”. The time constant of the sub-transient current is denoted by T” and it can be determined from the slope. This current can be as much as 10 times the steady-state fault current. The effective time of subtransient period is 0 to 6 cycles (0.035 sec). • The AC current flowing in the generator d

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    of 3

    SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER MEASUREMNETS

    The single-phase transformer measurements are taken by connecting the transformer block with
    the other equipments as shown in the schematics. Then we adjust and set the voltage, resistance
    and inductance values to get the desired current value at the secondary. After making all the
    connections, we measure and record the transformer and load values under operating conditions.
    The transformer ratio can be calculated using the measured values. A small difference in our
    measured and calculated values for the ratio are present due to the small power loss in the
    transformer core and hysteresis loses. Based on the transformer ratio we can analyze its
    characteristics and perform further tests with the basics of the transformer that we are using.

    a) Schematics for the Transformer Connections:

    Measured Values and Calculated Outputs:

    PARAMETERS

    VALUES

    PRIMARY VOLTAGE

    88 V

    PRIMARY CURRENT

    0.277 A

    POWER FACTOR

    0.81

    SECONDARY VOLTAGE

    38.7 V

    SECONDARY CURRENT

    0.499 A

    POWER FACTOR

    0.82

    PRIMARY POWER

    24.4 VA (19.8 Watt)

    SECONDARY POWER

    19.8 VA (15.8 Watt)

    These values were calculated with a resistance of 58.076 ohm (2200||1000||470||220||110) and
    inductance of 1.5 H at the secondary side. The power factor at the primary side was measured to
    be 0.81, lag and 0.82 lag at the secondary side.
    Transformer Ratio - =

    38.7
    88

    = 1:2 (approx.)

    Comparing the Transformer Ratios from Measured Values:


    In the step-down transformer, the calculated voltage transformer ratio is (0.879 : 2) and current
    transformer ratio is (1.11 : 2) which is a little different from the given transformer ratio (1:2) The
    reason for the discrepancy is because of the voltage drop in the secondary side.

    Comparing the Input and Output Powers:

    The power in both the primary and secondary sides should be the same ideally, but there is a
    discrepancy because of the power loss. The power in the secondary is 4.6 VA less than the

    primary. Apart from the copper losses, the 18% power loss could be because some of the flux
    leaks out of the transformer and also because the core heats up.

    Calculating the Power Factor using Measured Data:

    The power factor can be calculated using the following formula:


    P = VI*cos

    Therefore, primary side power factor = =

    And secondary side power factor = =

    19.8
    88 0.277

    15.8
    38.70.499

    = 0.812 (lag)

    = 0.818 (lag)

    There is no discrepancy here as the measured values are the same as the calculated values.

    Role of Single-Phase Load with 0.8 lagging pf:

    A 0.8 lagging power factor indicates that the current lags the voltage by that factor and the load
    is getting less active power. The load would get more active power if the power factor was 0.9
    lagging instead.

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