General Topic: N2 System Operations and Maintenance

Topic
Introduction

Sub-topic
General information
about N2
Nitrogen refrigerant
source

Nitrogen system
purpose in LNG Plant

Nitrogen as Refrigerant
in LNG Plant
Nitrogen
Refrigeration System
Operation

Refrigeration Process in
LNG Plant

Content
Chemical and physical
characteristics of N2 at
normal condition
Air as source of
nitrogen
Refrigerant-grade
nitrogen production
process: cryogenic
distillation,
separation using
membrane
As purge gas in
miscellaneous
analytical equipment
and tanker-loading
arms, also on start-up
and shutdown
Maintain inert
atmospheres (blanket
gas)
As pressurized gas
regulating control
devices
As refrigerant in
natural gas
liquefaction
Chemical and physical
characteristics of liquid
N2
Typical process flow
of LNG Refrigeration
Plant
General refrigeration
cycle steps and its
thermodynamic
principle overview:
evaporation,
compression,
condensation,
expansion
Typical equipments
configuration in LNG
refrigeration section:
evaporator,
compressor,
condenser, JT
valve/expander,

Process control of
Refrigeration Section in
LNG Plant unsing N2
System

Troubleshooting

Safety Precautions for

Nitrogen System

separator, pump
Heat transfer and
coefficient of
performance (COP)
Description of key
operating parameters
involved in LNG
refrigeration and how
they affect the
operating
performance
Instrumentation,
control, and
safeguards in each
process unit in
Refrigeration Section
Sample cases of common
operation problems,
identification methods,
and action options to
resolve them
Hazard overview of
liquid N2: material
concerns, thermal
burns due to extreme
cold temperatures,
adhesion, boiling and
splashing, oxygen
deficiency
(suffocation/asphyxia
tion), high pressure
caused by warming
of cryogenic liquids
(flash vaporization,
pressure build-up,
BLEVE), flammability
and explosions,
oxygen enrichment
causing explosion
risk, confined space
Potential accidents
overview in liquid N2
handling: accidental
release, tipping of
dewars, accidents
caused by equipment
not designed for
cryogenic service
Safe handling
procedures of liquid

Nitrogen
Refrigeration System
Maintenance

N2 Make-up

N2 System Maintenance
Procedure

N2 Waste Management

N2: preparation,
transfer and use,
container (dewars,
cylinders, storage
tanks, transfer lines),
personal protective
equipment (PPE),
injuries and first aid,
emergency/abnormal
condition
Description of N2 makeup process in LNG
refrigeration plant
Log Out Tag Out
(LOTO)
Defrosting N2
cryogenic storage
system
Purging
Cleaning N2
cryogenic system
N2 filling-in
Normal Evaporation
(NER) Test
Safety procedure to
discharge used N2