69

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Carson, J.L., Carless P.A., dan Hebert, P.C. Transfusion Thresholds And
Other Strategies For Guiding Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion.
Europe PMC Funders GroupAuthor Manuscrripts: Cochrane Database
Syst. Rev. 2012;4:2.
2. Allard. S. Blood Transfusion. Medicine Journal. 2013;41(4):242-7.
3. Spiess, B.D., Spence, R.K., dan Shander, A. Perioperative Transfusion
Medicine. Ed 2. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2013;1:55-66
4. Carson JL, Hill S, Carless P, et al. Transfusion triggers: a systematic review
of the literature. Transfus Med Rev. 2002;16(3): 187-199.
5. Freudenberger RS, Carson JL. Is there an optimal hemoglobin value in the
cardiac intensive care unit? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2003;9(5):356-361.
6. Marshall JC. Transfusion trigger: when to transfuse? Crit Care.
2004;8(suppl)2:31-33.
7. McLellan SA, McClelland DB, Walsh TS. Anaemia and red blood cell
transfusion in the critically ill patient. Blood Rev. 2003;17(4):195-208.
8. Tan IK, Lim JM. Anaemia in the critically illthe optimal haematocrit.
Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2001;30(3):293-299.
9. Wang JK, Klein HG. Red blood cell transfusion in the treatment and
management of anaemia: the search for the elusive transfusion trigger. Vox
Sanguinis. 2010; 98(1):211. [PubMed: 19682346]
10. Klein HG, Spahn DR, Carson JL. Red blood cell transfusion in clinical
practice. Lancet.2007; 370(9585):41526. [PubMed: 17679019]
11. Vallet, B., et al. Physiologic Transfusion Triggers. Best Practice &
Research Clinical Anesthesiology. 2007;21(2):173-81.
12. Zinner, S.R. Erythrocyte Transfusions. Ed.2. In: Marino, P.L ed. The ICU
Book. Pennyslvania: Williams & Wilkins;1998:691-706.
13. Retter, A., et al. Guidelines on the Management of Anaemia and Red Cell
Transfusion in Adult Critically Ill Patients. British Journal of
Haematology. 2013;160:445-64.
14. Mazza, B.F., et al. Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Effects on Mixed
Venous Oxygen Saturation and Lactate Levels in Patients with
SIRS/Sepsis. CLINICS. 2005;60(4):311-6.

70

15. Holst, L.B., et al. Lower Versus Higher Hemoglobin Threshold for
Transfusion in Septic Shock. The New England Journal of Medicine.
2015;371(15):1381-91.
16. Rosland, RG., et al. Red Blood Cell Tranfusion in Septic ShockClinical
Characteristic and Outcome of Unselected Patients in a Prospective,
Multicentre Cohort. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and
Emergency Medicine. 2014;22(14):1-8.
17. Lelubre, C. dan Vincent, L. Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Critically Ill
Patient. Annals of Intensive Care. 2011;1(43):1-9.
18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The 2009 nationalblood
collection and utilization survey report. Washington, DC: U.S.Department
of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretaryfor
Health; 2011.
19. Takei, T., Amin NA, Schmid, G., Dhingra-Kumar, N. Progress in global
blood safety for HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52 Suppl
2:S127-31.
20. Carson, J.L., et al. Red Blood Cell Transfusion: A Clinical Practice
Guideline From the AABB. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2012;157:49-58
21. Juffermans, N.P. and Walsh, T.S. Transfusion in Intensive Care Unit.
Switzerland: Springer International Publishing Switzerland. 2015:1-23.
22. Vincent J-L, Baron JF, Reinhart K, Gattinoni L, Thijs L, Webb A, MeierHellmann A, Nollet G, Peres-Bota D: Anemia and blood transfusion
incritically ill patients. JAMA 2002, 288:1499-1507.
23. Nguyen BV, Bota DP, Melot C, Vincent JL: Time course of hemoglobin
concentrations in nonbleeding intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med
2003, 31:406-410.
24. Vincent,
J.L. Transfusion in The Intensive Care Unit.Crit Care
Med.2006;34(5):96-100.
25. Hebert PC, Wells G, Martin C, et al: Variation in red cell transfusion
practice in the intensivecare unit: A multicentre cohort study.Crit Care
(Lond) 1999; 3:5763
26. Rao MP, Boralessa H, Morgan C, et al: Blood component use in critically
ill patients. Anaesthesia2002; 57:530534
27. Vincent JL, Baron JF, Reinhart K, et al: Anemia and blood transfusion in
critically illpatients. JAMA 2002; 288:14991507.

71

28. Corwin HL, Gettinger A, Pearl RG, et al: The CRIT Study: Anemia and
blood transfusion in the critically illCurrent clinical practice inthe
United States. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:3952.
29. Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Le Gall J-R, et al: Is redblood cell transfusion
associated with worseoutcome? Results of the SOAP study. Abstr.Chest
2003; 124:125S.
30. Sharma, S., Sharma, P., dan Tyler, L.N. Transfusion of Blood and Blood
Products: Indications and Complications. American Academyof Family
Physician. 2011;83(6):719-24.
31. Kor, D.J., Gajic, O. Blood Product Transfusions in Critical Care Setting.
Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2010;16:309316.
32. Carson, J.L., Carless, P.A., dan Hebert, P.C. Outcomes Using Lower vs
Higher Hemoglobin Thresholds for Red Blood Cell Transfusion. JAMA.
2013;309(1):83-4
33. Raat NJ, Ince C: Oxygenating the microcirculation: the perspective from
blood transfusion and blood storage. Vox Sang 2007, 93:12-18.
34. Vincent JL, Piagnerelli M: Transfusion in the intensive care unit. Crit Care
Med 2006, 34:S96-101.
35. Tinmouth A, Fergusson D, Yee IC, Hebert PC: Clinical consequences of
redcell storage in the critically ill. Transfusion 2006, 46:2014-2027.
36. English M, Ahmed M, Ngando C, Berkley J, Ross A: Blood transfusion
forsevere anaemia in children in a Kenyan hospital. Lancet 2002,359:494495.
37. Martini J, Carpentier B, Negrete AC, Frangos JA, Intaglietta M:
Paradoxicalhypotension following increased hematocrit and blood
viscosity. Am JPhysiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005, 289:H2136-2143.
38. Shah DM, Gottlieb ME, Rahm RL, Stratton HH, Barie PS, Paloski
WH,Newell JC: Failure of red blood cell transfusion to increase
oxygentransport or mixed venous PO2 in injured patients. J Trauma
1982,22:741-746.
39. Creteur J, Neves AP, Vincent JL: Near-infrared spectroscopy technique
toevaluate the effects of red blood cell transfusion on tissue
oxygenation.Crit Care 2009, 13(Suppl 5):S11.
40. Pape A, Stein P, Horn O, Habler O: Clinical evidence of blood
transfusioneffectiveness. Blood Transfus 2009, 7:250-258.

72

41. McEvoy, M.T. dan Shander, A. Anemia, Bleeding, And Blood Transfusion
In The Intensive Care Unit: Causes, Risks, Costs, and New Strategies.
American Journal of Critical Care. 2013;22(6):eS1-13.
42. Thomas J, Jensen L, Nahirniak S, Gibney RT. Anemia andblood
transfusion practices in the critically ill: a prospectivecohort review. Heart
Lung. 2010;39(3):217-225.
43. Lasocki S, Longrois D, Montravers P, Beaumont C. Hepcidinand anemia
of the critically ill patient: bench to bedside.Anesthesiology.
2011;114(3):688-694.
44. Ortega, D. dan Sakr, Y. Causes of Anemia in Critially Ill Patients. Eds
Juffermans, N.P., dan Walsh, T.S. in Transfusion in the Intensive Care
Unit. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. 2015: 5-12.
45. Walsh, T.S., et al. Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease at admission
tointensive care and its influence on red cell transfusion
thresholds:multicentre Scottish Study. Br J Anaesth 2005, 94:445-452.
46. Hebert, P.C., et al. Revisiting transfusion practices in critically illpatients.
Crit Care Med 2005, 33:7-12.
47. Wang, J.K. dan Klein, H.G. Red blood cell transfusion in the treatment and
managementof anaemia: the search for the elusive transfusion
trigger.International Society of Blood Transfusion.2009;10:1-10.
48. Vallet, B., Robin, E., dan Lebufffe, G. Venous oxygen saturation as a
physiologic transfusion trigger. Critical Care. 2010;14(2):213-7.
49. Mazza, B.F., et al. Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Effects on Mixed
Venous Oxygen Saturation and Lactate Levels in Patient With
SIRS/Sepsis. Crit Med. 2005;60(4):311-6.
50. Dueck MH, et al. Trends but not individual values of central venous
oxygen saturation agree with mixedvenous oxygen saturation during
varying hemodynamic conditions.Anesthesiology 2005, 103:249257.
51. Reinhart K., et al. Continuous central venous and pulmonary artery
oxygen saturation monitoring in the critically ill.Intensive Care Med 2004,
30:15721578.
52. Rivers E., et al. Early goal-directed therapy in thetreatment of severe
sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2001,345:13681377.
53. Adamczyk S, et al. [Contribution of central venous oxygen saturation in
postoperative blood transfusion decision]. Ann FrAnesth Reanim. 2009,
28:522530.

73

54. Confrence de consensus (2003) Socit de ranimation de langue

franaise XXIIIe Confrence de consensus en ranimation et en mdecine
durgence jeudi 23 octobre 2003: Transfusion rythrocytaire en
ranimation(nouveau-n exclu). Ranimation. 2003,2:531537.
55. Holst, L.B., et al. Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock (TRISS) Trial
comparing the effectsand safety of liberal verssus restrictive red blood
cell transfusion in septic shock patients in the ICU:Protocolfor a
randomized Controlled Trial. Trialsjournal. 2013;14(1):150.
56. Lacroix, J., Demaret, P., dan Tucci, M. Red Blood Cell Transfusion :
Decision Making In Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Seminars in
Perinatology. 2012;36:225-31
57. Barr, P.J. dan Bailie, K.E.M. Transfusion Tresholds in Focus. The New
England Jourrnal of Medicine. 2011;365(26):2532-33
58. Carson JL, Terrin ML, Noveck H, et al. Liberal or restrictivetransfusion in
high-risk patients after hip surgery. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:2453-62.
59. Carless PA, Henry DA, Carson JL, Hebert PPC, McClelland B,Ker K.
Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guidingallogeneic red blood
cell transfusion. Cochrane Database SystRev 2010;10:CD002042.
60. Sadaka, F. Red Blood Cell Transfusion In Sepsis : Review. Blood
Disorders and Transfusions. 2012;4(1):1-7.
61. Donati, A., et al. Microcirculatory effects of the transfusion of
leukodepleted or non-leukodepleted red blood cells in patients with sepsis:
a pilot study. Critical Care. 2014;18(1):R33.
62. Fuller, B.M., et al. Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cell is Not
Associated with Improved Central Venous Oxygen Saturation or Organ
Function in Patients with Septic Shock. The Journal of Emergency
Medicine.2012;14(3): 593-598.
63. Napolitano LM, Kurek S, Luchette FA, Corwin HL, Barie PS, et al.
Clinical practice guideline: red blood cell transfusion in adult trauma and
critical care. Crit Care Med. 2009;37: 3124-3157.
64. Carson JL, Carless PA, Hebert PC. Transfusion thresholds and other
strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev 2012;4: CD002042.
65. Gomez, H. dan Kellum, J.A. Lactate in Sepsis. JAMA. 2015;313(2):194195.

74

66. Puskarich, M.A., Illich, B.M., dan Jones, A.E. Prognosis of emergency
department patients with suspected infection and intermediate lactate
levels: a systematic review. J Crit Care. 2014;29(3):334-339.
67. Jansen, T.C., et al. LACTATE study group. Early lactate-guided therapy in
intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized
controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(6):752-761.
68. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al; Surviving Sepsis Campaign
Guidelines Committee including the Pediatric Subgroup. Surviving sepsis
campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and
septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(2):580-637.
69. Yealy DM, Kellum JA, Huang DT, et al; ProCESS Investigators. A
randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N Engl J
Med. 2014;370(18):1683-1693.
70.

Gilliss, B.M., Looney, M.R., dan Gropper, M.A. Reducing NonInfectious Risks of Blood Transfusion. The American Society of
Anesthesiologists, Inc. LippincottWilliams & Wilkins. Anesthesiology.2011;
115(3):63549.

71. Shaz , B. H. and H. P. Pham. (2013). Update On Massive Transfusion.

British Journal of Anaesthesia. 111 (S1), i71-i82.
72. Diab , Yaser A. , Edward C. C. Wong and Naomi L. C. Luban. 2013.
Massive Transfusion in Children And Neonates. British Journal of
Haematology. 161. 15-26
73. Meiner , Andreas and Peter Schlenke. 2012. Massive Bleeding and
Massive Transfusion. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. 39. 73-84
74. Tsai. Thomas C. and Tina Hernandez-Boussard. 2009. Massive

Transfusion Protocols : The Role of Aggresive Resuscitation Versus

Product Ratio in Mortality Reduction. Journal Of The American College
Of Surgeons. 209. 198-205