Q1

If in nitrogen (ideal gas k = 1.38) pressure changes isentropicaly for 45%, what will be
speed of sound. Solution in percentage please.

k
dP/P
dC/C

1.38
0.45
??
dP/P = 2*k*dC/(k-1)C
dC/C = (k-1/2k)*dP/P
dC/C=
dC/C=

0.061957
6.195652 %

or 45%, what will be the percentage change in

Q2

Ideal gas (specific heats ratio k = 1.33 , molecular mass M = 41 kg/Kmol

a long straight portion of 100 mm diameter pipe as is indicated in figure.
pressure at each section are T1 = 270 K, p1 = 6 bar, and T2 = 250 K, p2
between sections (2) and (1). Solution in J/kg/K please.

k
M
d
T1
P1
T2
P2
Ru
ds

1.33
41 kg/kmol
100 mm
270 kg/kmol
6 bar
250 kg/kmol
1.5 bar
8314.462 J/kmol.K
??

0.1 m

R= Ru/M

202.7918 J/kg.K

Cp=kR/k-1
Cp
817.3122 J/kg.K

ds

218.2279 J/kg.K

ass M = 41 kg/Kmol) flows steadily between two sections in

indicated in figure. The uniformly distributed temperature and
and T2 = 250 K, p2 = 1.5 bar. Calculate entropy change
e.

Q3

A weak pressure wave (a sound wave) across which the pressure rise i
at a temperature 40 C and a pressure of 100 kPa. Estimate the velocit
equations model and considering air ideal gas (k = 1.4 , R = 287 J/Kg K

dp=
T
P
k
R
V=

0.06
40
100
1.4
287
??

kPa
C
kPa

60
313.15
100000

Pa
K
Pa

J/kg.K
m/s

=P/RT

1.112668

354.7163

dV

0.152021

kg/m^3

=
m/s

m/s

he pressure rise is 0.06 kPa is traveling down a pipe into air

imate the velocity of the air behind the wave using 1D
4 , R = 287 J/Kg K). Solution in m/s please.

Q4

Nitrogen (ideal gas R = 296.8 J/kg K , k = 1.38) is contained in a large ve

expanded from this vessel through a nozzle until the Mach number reach
for ideal gas flow find velocity in this cross section where Mach = 1. Solu

k
R
To
M
V

1.38
296.8 j/kg.K
80 C
1

353.15 K

??

296.7647 K

V=C

348.6403 m/s

ntained in a large vessel at temperature of 80 C. Nitrogen is

Mach number reaches a value of 1. Assuming 1D equations
here Mach = 1. Solution in m/s please.

Q5

Methane (ideal gas k = 1.3, R = 518.3 J/kg K ) is storied in reservoir at te

methane is flowing out isentropicaly. Using equations for 1D flow find Ma
where velocity is 300 m/s.

To
V1
k
R
M1

300 K
300 m/s
1.3 J/kg.K
518.3 J/kg.K
???

M1

0.690729

ed in reservoir at temperature 300 K . Through the nozzle

for 1D flow find Mach number in the nozzle cross section

Q6

Air (ideal gas, k = 1.4) flows isentropically through a pipe with variable
of 0.07 m2 static pressure is 1.07 bar. In cross section 2 with area 0.17
equations model for this flow find Mach number in cross section 1.

k
A1
A2
P1
P2

1.4
0.07 m^2
0.17 m^2
1.07 bar
1.3 bar

pipe with variable cross section. In cross section 1 with area

n 2 with area 0.17 m2 static pressure is 1.3 bar. Using 1D
oss section 1.

X=
Y=

0.857143
0.333333

B=

1.181625

C=

0.348473

D=

1.057207

M1=

0.572855

Q7

Air (ideal gas k = 1.4) flows isentropically through a variable cross sectio
sections are M1 = 1.2 and M2 = 2.2 . Determine velocity ratio in this cro
V2/V1
please).

k
M1
M2
V2/V1

1.4
1.2
2.2
???

T2/T1

0.654472

V2/V1

1.483156

variable cross section tube. Mach numbers in two cross

city ratio in this cross sections (solution give as ratio

Q8

Airplane fly with the same Mach number at altitudes 500 m and 4500 m
altitude 500 m is for 55 km/h greater than that at the altitude of 4500 m

k
h1
h2
dV

1.4
500 m
4500 m
55 km/hr

M1=M2
15.27778 m/s

T1
T2

284.9 K
258.9 K

C1
C2

338.3383 m/s
322.5306 m/s

0.966479

500 m and 4500 m in IS Atmosphere. Airplane speed at

e altitude of 4500 m. Find Mach number of the flight?

Q9

Air (ideal gas k = 1.4 , R = 287 J/kg K ) isentropically flow out from the
.Nozzle has circular crosssections.
In nozzle exit section with diameter 50 mm mass flow rate is measured
be 0.55 kg/s. Using 1D model of flow find pressure in reservoir if in the
30 C and pressure is 1.01 bar. Solution in bar please.

k
R
de
MFR
Te
Pe
Po=

1.4
287 J/kg.K
50 mm
0.55 kg/m^3
30 C
1.01 bar

0.05 m
303.15 K
101000 Pa

????

Ae

0.001963 m^2

1.160865 kg/m^3
241.2964 m/s
349.0067 m/s
0.691381

Ve
Ce
Me

Po

139029 Pa

ly flow out from the reservoir through the convergent nozzle

ow rate is measured to
in reservoir if in the nozzle exit cross section temperature is
e.

1.39029 bar

Q10

A Pitot tube is employed in supersonic wind tunnel to estimate the flow Mach numbe
by the probe is 2.2 bar. The free stream static pressure ahead of the probe shock wave
the wall of the tunnel is 0.17 bar. Assuming that air in tunnel is ideal gas (k = 1.4) est
wind tunnel..

k
Po2
P1
M1

1.4
2.2 bar
0.17 bar
???

Try and error methd to find M1

Assuming that M1 starts from1.0001 because it is supersonic.

he flow Mach number. Measured stagnation (pitot) pressure

the probe shock wave is measured by a static pressure tap at
deal gas (k = 1.4) estimate the free flow Mach number in the
Excel Code

M1
A
B
C
D

3.11197
1.2
2.5
55.7819
53.4324

(Po2/P1)real

12.94118

(Po2/P1)i

12.94117

Difference

M1

6.35E-006

3.11197

Excel Code

Q11

An explosion occurs which produces a normal shock wave that propagates at

550 m/s into still air (ideal gas k = 1.4, R = 287 J/kg/K). The pressure and tem
the motionless air on front of the shock are 101.2 kPa and 30 C, respectively.
static temperature behind shock wave (solution in K please).

k
R
S
P1
T1
P2

1.4
287
550
101.2
30

J/kg.k
m/s
kPa
C

303

??

C1

348.9203

m/s

273.8706

T2

415.6195

P2

276.4928

ve that propagates at a speed of

The pressure and temperature of
d 30 C, respectively. Determine air
se).

m/s

kPa

Q12

Air, with stagnation pressure 200 bar, assumed to be a perfect gas (k = 1.4 , R
horizontal parallel frictionless walls at Mach number 4. At a given section, the
the flow (see figure). Determine static pressure downstream of the reflected sh
noted in figure). Solution in bar please.

k
R
Po1
M1

1.4
287
200
4

J/kg. K
bar

18

For M1 and and from the oblique shock wave and from elecronic calculator it is follows

M2

2.712846

12
P2/P1
P02/P01

30.23559
4.566628
0.714225

For M2 and and from the oblique shock wave and from elecronic calculator it is follows

M3

23
P3/P2
P03/P02

1.89838
37.979
3.084755
0.868236

erfect gas (k = 1.4 , R = 287 J/kg K), flows between two

At a given section, the lower wall turns upward alfa = 180 into
am of the reflected shock wave from the upper wall (zone 3

nic calculator it is follows:

c calculator it is follows:

P1

1.317217

P2

6.015242

P3

18.55555

bar

bar

Q13

Free stream of gas (ideal k = 1.34) is flowing over flat smooth surface
24 degrees forced gas stream to go through oblique shock wave (weak
flow after shock wave.

k
M1

1.34
2.4

24
At M1, k and and from the electronic calculator of oblique shock wave we c
P2/P1

3.616552

flat smooth surface with Mach number 2.4 . Corner angle of

e shock wave (weak solution). Find coefficient of pressure in a

que shock wave we calculate P2/P1

Cp

0.678004

Q14

Air, assumed to be a perfect gas (k = 1.4), flows between two horizont

2 . At a given section, the lower wall turns upward into the flow so obliq
is settled (see figure). What is the angle of reflection beta of the wave
degrees please).

k
M1

1.4
2

42

For M1 and deflection angle and from the oblique shock wave and from elecronic calcu
BY chane defelcion angle to shock angle in calculator

M2

12
12

1.551322
42
12.35886

For M2 and deflection angle and from the oblique shock wave and from elecronic cal
follows: BY chane shock angle to deflection angle in calculator
M3

23
23

1.05446
59.23996
12.35886

etween two horizontal parallel frictionless walls at Mach number

nto the flow so oblique shock wave with wave angle alfa = 420
n beta of the wave with respect to the upper wall? (solution in

and from elecronic calculator it is follows:

ve and from elecronic calculator it is

46.8811

Q15

A steady subsonic flow of ideal gas (k=1.4, R = 287 J/kg/K) occurs in a uniform
pressure 3 bar, static temperature 300 K, gas velocity 240 m/s. A sudden enlar
pipe is again uniformed is coaxial with the narrower portion (see figure). At a st
uniform across the pipe. The pressure on the traverse annular wall of the enlarg
flow is considered to be frictionless and adiabatic. Determine gas velocity in se
Solution in m/s please.

k
R
P1
T1
C1
V1
A2/A1

1.4
287
3
300
347.1887
240
3

J/kg.K
bar
K
m/s
m/s

300000

Pa

occurs in a uniform pipe of cross sectional area A1. Data in cross section (11): static
m/s. A sudden enlargement occurs to a crosssectional area A2 = 3 A1 , after which the
(see figure). At a station sufficiently far downstream of the enlargement flow become
lar wall of the enlargement may be assumed equal to that in the narrower pipe and the
ne gas velocity in section (22).

tic
h the
ome
nd the

B=A2/A1

3.484321 kg/m^3
3

Z
H
Y
X

660300
0.025113
66898.95
278.7456

a
b
c

-238.9248
366899
-3E+007

V2

75.3632

P2

345891.8

m/s

OR

1460.262

Pa

3.458918

bar

m/s