Sheet No:

REF.
EN 1990

CALCULATIONS
Basis of structural design

EN 1991:
1-1

Actions on structures: Self-weight and imposed loads

EN 1991:
1-4

OUTPUT

Actions on structures: Wind loads

Design of timber structures.

EN 1995:
1-1
Structural timber - Strength Classes
BS EN
338:2003

BS EN
338:2003

Design of purlin;
Characteristics values for C16 Timber
Strength properties (N/mm2)
f m , k=16
Bending
Tension parallel to the grain

f t ,0, k =10

Tension perpendicular to the grain f t ,90, k =0,5

f c , 0, k=17
Compression parallel to the grain
Compression perpendicular to the grain
f v , k =1,8
Shear

f t ,90, k =2,2

Stiffness properties (kN/mm2)

Mean modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain
E0,mean = 8
Mean modulus of elasticity perpendicular to the grain
E90,mean = 0,27
5% modulus of elasticity parallel E0,05 = 5,4
Modulus to rigidity Gmean = 0,5
Density

Roofings
product
catalogue

Dead load
Iron sheets Ordinary / round corrugation
Length = 875mm Self weight = 3,38kg/m
g k=0,0379 kN / m

Dead load due to iron sheets =

3,38
9.81 103
0,875

0,0379 kN /m2
EN 19911:2001
Table 6.9
Table 6.10

q k =0,75 kN /m2

Imposed load
Category H
qk = 0,75kN/m2

EN
1991:1-4
Figure 4.2

Wind loads
Basic wind velocity, vb,o= 20 m/s
vb = cdr x cseason x vb,o
vb= 1 x 1 x 20 = 20 m/s

Basic velocity pressure

Equation
4.10

1
2
3
q b= v b where =1,25 kg / m
2

q p ( 7)=0,5 kN /m2

1
2
q b= x 1,25 x 2 0 =250
2

Figure 4.2

Exposure factor ce (7) = 2 (terrain category II)

EN
1991:1-4
Figure
7.13

Peak velocity pressure at z = 7m

q p ( 7)=c e (7 ) qb
c e ( 7)=2
q p ( 7)=2 x 250=500 N /m
q p ( 107 )=0,5 k N /m

q k ,2=0,132
2
kN/ m

EN
1995:1-1
Clause
7.2.6
Figure
7.13

Pressure coefficients
Case I;
Cpe = 0,29
Cpi = -0,3
Net pressure
w e =q p ( 7) x C pe

, w i=q p ( 7) x C pi

Net pressure = w e wi

= q p (7) ( C pe C pi )

Most onerous combination of pressure coefficients;

C pe =0,7 , C pi =+0,2
wind load , q k ,2=0,5 ( 0,29 0,3 )
2
= - 0,295kN/ m

Load combinations
Ed = G Gk ' +' Q ,1 Qk ,1 ' +' i >1 Q ,i 0,i Qk , i
G=1,35 Q ,1=1,50=0,7
Case I; Imposed loading is the leading variable
Ed =1,35 0,014+ 1,5 0,295 0,7+1,5 0,28
Ed = 0,75kN/m2
Case II; Wind loading is the leading variable

M yd =0 , 5 9 kNm

Ed =1,35 0,014+ 1,5 0,295+1,5 0,28 0,7

Ed = 0,76kN/m2
Design bending moment

F vd =0 , 95 kN

w l 2 0,76 2,52
M yd =
=
=0,59 kNm
8
10

Design Shear force

F vd =

wl 0,76 2,5
=
=0 ,9 5 kN
2
2

Clause
2.3.1.2
Table
NA.1
(EC5:
Table 2.3)

Load-duration classes: use Table NA.1 from National Annex

Self weight
- permanent
Imposed roof loading
- medium term
Wind loads
- short term

Clause
2.3.2.1

Load-duration and moisture influence on strength:

Assume a service class 2

National
Annex
Table NA
2
Table 3.1

Clause
3.1.3(2)
National
Annex
Table
NA.3
Clause
6.6(2)

k mod
k mod=0,90

Solid timber:
Permanent actions

k mod=0,60

Medium term actions

k mod =0,80

Short term

k mod=0,90

Use k mod corresponding to action with lowest duration

Partial factors for material properties, M
M , solid timber=1,3
Solid timber:
k h =1,15
k sys=1,1

Try Section 50 X 75 mm
Clause
3.2(3)

Member size:

M yd =0 , 5 9 kNm

Equation(3
.1)

{(

150 0.2
k h = 75 =min 1,15
1,3
1,3

Bending:
Design bending moment
M yd =0 , 5 9 kNm
BS EN
1995-1-1
Clause 6

f m , y , d=14,01 N /mm

Assuming uniaxial bending about the y-y axis only, is present

m , y ,d =4 , 7 2 N /mm 2

Design bending strength

OK

f m , y , d=(f m , y , k k mod k h k sys )/ M

f vd =1,37 N / mm2
f m , y , d=

1,1 1,08 0,90 16

=14,01 N / mm2
1,3
2

W y=

50 75
=46,88 103 mm3
6

m , y ,d =

Since

0 , 5 9 106
=4 , 7 2 N /mm2
3
46,88 10

f m , y , d > m , y , d , Section is adequate is for bending

Shear:
F vd =0 , 95 kN
Clause
6.5.2

f vd =(f vk k mod k sys k v )/ M

Kv applies to notched beams only

v, d =0,176 N /mm

f vd =(1,8 0,9 1,1)/ 1,3

Clause
6.1.7

f vd =1,37 N /mm2
1,5 v d 1,5 0,59 103

=
=
=0,12 N /mm2
Design shear stress v, d
bh
75 50

Clause
6.1.5

Since v, d < f vd

k =0,80

Bearing:
Design bearing force

Fc , 90, d=

Design bearing strength

f
( c , 90, d k mod k sys)/ M
f c, 90, d =
Clause 7.2

Eqn 2.2

Serviceability limit state

Deflection:
Limiting values for deflection of beams:
w net , fin=winst + wcreep w c
Since there is no camber wc=0
w net , fin=wfin =w inst + wcreep
ufin =u fin,G +u fin, Q ,1 +u fin,Q 1

Table 3.2

ufin ,G =uinst , G ( 1+ k )
ufin ,Q 1=u instQ ,1 (1+2,1 k )

ufin ,Q 2=u instQ ,2 (0,2 +2,2 k )

Solid timber Service class 2 k =0,80
Permanent load deformation:
uinst ,G =

5 W l3
3 WL
+
384 E d I 20bh G d

W G =0,014 1,1 2,5=0,038 kN

uinst ,G =

5 x 0,0 3 8 x (2500)3 3 x 0,038 x 2500

+
50 x 753 20 x 50 x 75 x 0,5
384 x 8 x
12
ufin ,G =8,86 mm

= 0,24mm
ufin ,G =0,24 ( 1+0,8 )=0,43 mm
Variable load deformation
Wind load as leading variable
W Q , 1=0,295 1,1 2,5=0,81 kN

uinst ,Q 1=

5 x 0,81 x (2500)3 3 x 0,81 x 2500

+
50 x 75 3 20 x 50 x 75 x 0,5
384 x 8 x
12

= 5,06mm
ufin ,Q 1=5.06 ( 1+0 )=5,06 mm

NA to EC5
Table
NA.4

For the imposed load

W Q, 2=0,28 1,1 2 , 5=0,77 kN
2,1=0,3
3

uinst ,Q 1=

5 x 0,77 x (2500)
3 x 0,77 x 2500
+
3
20
x 50 x 75 x 0,5
50 x 75
384 x 8 x
12

 4,81 mm
ufin ,Q 1=4,81 ( 0,7 +0 )=3,37 mm
ufin =u fin,G +u fin, Q ,1 +u fin,Q 1
ufin ,G =0,43+5,06+3,37=8,86 mm
Deflection limits
Limiting ratio =

L
2500
=
=16,67 mm
150 150

section is ok for deflection

Truss Analysis
Load build up;
Imposed = 0,75kN/m2
Wind = -0,445 (on slope)
2
0,445cos 22=0,41 kN /m on plan
Permanent actions
Ceiling & services = 0,51kN/m2
Roof covering = 0,0379kN/m2
Self weight of purlins 0,014kN/m2
Self weight of truss
Assume 40kg/m2
40 9,81103=0,39 kN /m2
Upper loading; roof, purlins, truss self weight, wind, imposed
Total permanent action

( 0,0379+0,39 ) 5,0+0,014=2,15 kN / m
2,15 1,1=2,37 kN

Wind = 5 0,41=2,05
Imposed 0.75 5 1,1=4,13

Load combinations
Ed = G Gk ' +' Q ,1 Qk ,1 ' +' i >1 Q ,i 0,i Qk , i
G=1,35 Q ,1=1,50=0,7
Case I; Imposed loading is the leading variable
Ed =1,35 2,37+1,5 2,05 0,7+1,5 4,13
Ed = 7,24kN
Case II; Wind loading is the leading variable
Ed =1,35 2,37+1,5 2,05+1,5 4,13 0,7
Ed = 4,46kN
Lower loading
Permanent (ceiling and services)
G=0,15 2,5 1,1=0,83 kN
Imposed
Q= 4,13
Ed =1,35 2,37+1,5 4,13=3,62 kN

Results from prokon , member forces

Top chord
Member
Force (kN)
1-5
46,62(C)
5-7
38,99 (C)
7-3
29,44 (C)
Internal members
Member
Force (kN)
5-6
2,9(T)
7-8
6,99(T)
3-4
17,96(T)
5-8
7,75(C)
7-4
11,01(C)

Bottom chord
Member
Force(kN)
1-6
43,09 (T)
6-8
43.32 (T)
8-4
35.89 (T)

Design of the truss members

Bottom chord
Ft ,0,d =43,32(T )
t ,0,d f t , 0,d

t ,0,d =

Ft ,0,d
A net

f t ,0, d=(f t ,0, d k mod k h k sys) M

Try Section 50 X 150 mm
Member size:

{(

150 0.2
k h = 150 =min 1,0
1,3
1,3
k mod =0,9

k sys=1,1
f t ,0, k =10 N /mm
f t ,0, d=

( 10 0,9 1,00 1,1 )

=7,62 N /m2
1,3

F t , 0,d
f t , 0,d =7,62 N /m2
A net
3

A net

43,32 10
=5,69 103 mm2
7,62

Use section 50 X 150 mm section

A=7,5 103 mm 2
43,32 103
t ,0,d =
=5,78<7,62
7,5 103
Section is adequate

Internal members
Fc , 0,d =11,01(C)

f c, 0,d =

f c ,0, k x k mod x k sys

m

17 x 0,9 1,1
2
=12,95 N /mm
1,3

Slenderness
L
= E
i
Since member of the truss are pinned, then
LE =1 L(length of themember )
i=

h
2 3

10 0
=28 , 87
2 3

 y=

2200
=76,2
28,87

rel , y =

y f c ,0, d
E 0,05
3

E0,05=5,4 10
rel , y =

28 , 8 7
12,95
=0,45

5,4 x 103

rel , y >0.3
c , 0,d f c ,0, d x k c, y

k c , y=

1
k y + k y 2 rel , y 2

k y =0,5(1+ c ( rel , y 0,3 ) + rel , y2 )

For solid member;

c =0,2

k y =0, 616

k c , y=

1
=0 ,96
0,616+ 0,61620.45 2

c , 0,d 12,95 x 0,96=12,43 N /m m2

11,01 103
=0,886 103 mm 2
12,43

50X100 mm section,

A=5 103 mm 2

Top chord
Fc , 0,d =46,62 kN (C )
Slenderness
L
= E
i
Since member of the truss are pinned, then

LE =1 L(length of themember )
i=

h
2 3

y=

150
=43,3
2 3

1900
=43 , 88
43,3

rel , y =

y f c ,0, d
E 0,05
3

E0,05=5,4 10
rel , y =

43 , 8 8 12,95
=0,68

5,4 x 103

rel , y >0.3
c , 0,d f c ,0, d x k c, y
k c , y=

1
k y + k y 2 rel , y 2

k y =0,5(1+ c ( rel , y 0,3 ) + rel , y2 )

For solid member;

c =0,2

k y =0 ,77

k c , y=

1
=0, 88
0,77+ 0,7720.682

c , 0,d 11 ,396 0,96=11,4 N /mm2

46,62 103
=4,09 103 mm2
11,4

Use
50X150 mm section,
Column design

A=7, 5 103 mm2

Strength class C16

Assume concentrically loaded column
Service class 2
Kmod=0,9
Loading:
Design load from truss = 21,84kN
Design load from eaves beam = 11,4kN
Total axial load (Fcod) = 21,84 =11,4 = 33,24kN
Design compression strength
f
( c , 0, k k mod )/ M
f c ,o , d=
M =1,3
f c, o ,d =16

0,9
=11,08 N /mm2
1,3

Design compressive strength

c , 0,d =

F c ,o , d
< f c , o ,d =11,08
A

Fc , o ,d 33,24 10 3
A>
=
=3000 mm2
c ,0,d
11,08
Check adequacy of 2/150X75mm columns
Stability
Slenderness
L
= E
i
Since member of the truss are pinned, then
LE =1 L(length of themember )
i=

h
2 3

y=

150
=43,3
2 3

50 00
=115 , 47
43,3

rel , y =

y f c ,0, d
E 0,05
3

E0,05=5,4 10
rel , y =
z=

115,47 11,08
=1,66

5,4 x 103

2500
=57,74
43,3

rel , z=

57,74 11,08
=0,833

5,4 x 10 3

rel , y >0.3
c , 0,d f c ,0, d x k c, y

k c , y=

1
k y + k y 2 rel , y 2

k y =0,5(1+ c ( rel , y 0,3 ) + rel , y2 )

For solid member;

c =0,2

k y =2 ,014

k c , y=

1
=0,32
2,014+ 2,01421,66 2

c ,0,d
1,0
k c , y f c, 0,d
f c ,0,d 33,24 103
c , 0,d =
=
=1,477 N /mm2
A
2 150 75
c ,0,d
1,477
=
=0,42<1,0
k c , y f c, 0,d 0,32 11,08