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MACHINE REPORT
Aim:
To perform no load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase induction motor to determine
its equivalent circuit parameters.
To generate theoretical performance characteristics from the equivalent parameters.
To perform load test on the three phase induction motor and to obtain the experimental
performance characteristics and to compare it with the theoretical performance
characteristics.
To obtain theoretical performance characteristics for a given different operating voltage,
frequency, rotor resistance and for a constant v/f ratio.
: 415 V
: 7.5 A
: 3.7 kW
: 1430 rpm
0-10 A (MI)
0-5 A (MC)
2. Voltmeter 0-600 V (MI)
0-300 V (MI)
0-50 V (MC)
3. Wattmeter 500 V, 10 A (LPF)
250 V, 10 A (UPF)
4. Rheostat
230 , 5 A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Precautions:
1. Appropriate fuse wires should be fixed.
2. The TPST switch should be kept in open position.
3. Autotransformer should be kept at minimum voltage position.
4. Initially the motor should be in no load condition.
R
B
V VL
3-Phase
400V
Y
50 Hz
AC
Supply
T
P
S
C
C2
A1
0-600V (MI)
C
A2
C1
T
S
Y B2
B
B1
Three-phase
Induction
Motor
C
C
L
3
Autotransformer
R
B
V VL
3-Phase
400V
Y
50 Hz
AC
Supply
T
P
S
S1
C
R
C2
A1
0-300 V (MI)
C
A2
C1
T
S
S2
Y B2
B
B1
Three-phase
Induction
Motor
C
C
L
3
Autotransformer
Brake
Drum
FORMULAE TO BE USED
I.
NO LOAD TEST
1. Woc
2. COSoc
3. Iw
4. Im
5. Xo
6. Ro
cosoc (A)
I oc
sin oc (A)
3
Voc
()
Im
Voc
()
Iw
8. R01
9. X01
10. R2'
11. Reff
=
=
=
()
WSC
per phase
I SC2
per phase
()
Z 012 R012 ()
(R01 Reff ) ()
Rmean 1.6 ()
13. Cos sc
W sc / (3 V sc I sc)
21. Slip
3 V I cos
full scale deflection
where,
Woc -
Roc -
No load resistance ()
Ioc
Xoc -
No load reactance ()
Voc -
Wsc -
R01 -
X01 -
Z01 -
WNL -
VNL -
INL
Isc
R1
Stator resistance ()
NL -
sc -
TABULATION
Multiplication factor : 4
Terminal
voltage,
Voc (V)
Line current,
Ioc (A)
415
4.3
WOC
Observed (div)
Actual (W)
122
488
Terminal voltage
Vsc (V)
Line Current
Isc (A)
82
7.5
Wsc
Observed
(div)
Actual
(W)
265
530
Sl.No
Voltage, V (V)
Current, I (A)
Resistance, R=V/I ()
1.
0.9
4.45
2.
1.35
4.45
3.
1.75
4.57
4.
10
2.2
4.54
5.
12
2.65
4.53
0-5 A (MC)
A1
D
P
S
T
36 V
DC Supply
+
V
_
A2
0-50 V (MC)
_
Fig 3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM MEASUREMENT OF STATOR RESISTANCE ( Reff)
I2 1
I1
>
X01
>
>
Io
>
IW
>
AC
Supply Voltage
R01
I
R'L
R0
X0
N
Fig 4. PER PHASE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR
Xo = 169.39
Ro = 1058.67
R01 = 9.42
R2 = 2.207
7
X01 = 16.419
Reff = 7.213
LOAD TEST
Apparatus required:
1. Ammeter 0-10 A (MI)
1
2. Voltmeter 0-600 V (MI)
1
3. Wattmeter 500 V, 10 A (UPF) 1
Formulae to be used:
1.
Torque,
2.
Output power,
P0
3.
Input power,
Pin
4.
% efficiency,
5.
Power Factor,
cos
6.
Synchronous speed,
Ns
7.
Percentage slip,
%s
8.
Multiplication Factor
Pin
3 VL I L
120 f
p
(rpm)
Ns N
100
Ns
3 V I cos
full scale deflection
R
B
3-Phase
400V
Y
50 Hz
AC
Supply
T
P
S
0-600 V (MI)
V VL
S1
C
C2
A1
A2
C1
T
S
Y B2
B1
C
L
3
Autotransformer
Three-phase
Induction
Motor
C
S2
Brake
Drum
Multiplication factor : 2
Sl.No
Line
Voltage
Line
Current
VL (V)
IL (A)
Spring Balance
Readings (kg)
Speed
N
(rpm)
Torque
factor
T
S1
S2
S1 ~ S2
Cos
(Nm)
(kg) (kg)
Input
Power
(kg)
Output
Power Pin
Power
Obser
ved
(div)
Actual
(W)
Po
(Watts)
%
Slip
%
Efficiency
1.
415
4.5
1497
0.062
100
200
0.2
2.
415
4.6
1491
4.7
3.7
3.147
0.278
460
920
491.36
0.6
53.41
3.
415
4.7
1486
5.103
0.37
625
1250
744.09
0.93
63.53
4.
415
4.75
1484
1.4
6.6
5.613
0.395
675
1350
872.28
1.07
64.61
5.
415
4.8
1483
10
1.5
8.5
7.229
0.435
775
1550
1122.66
1.13
72.43
10
Tst = 4.19 Nm
max = 86%
exp = 71.2%
theoretical = 69.4%
Tmax1 = 32.9 Nm
Tmax2 = 21.2 Nm
Tmax3 = 12.1 Nm
Tmax4 = 5.2 Nm
Tmax5 = 1.5 Nm
(0.224,91.8)
(0.188,68.9)
(0.156,51.5)
(0.146,40.6)
(0.132,32.1)
15
Tmax = 32.9 Nm
T = 32.5 Nm
T = 20.3 Nm
T = 14.6 Nm
T = 11.8 Nm
T = 5.25 Nm
33 Hz, constant v/f when v/f is constant, but both V and f are decreased, the torque decreases
because torque is proportional to the square to voltage but inversely proportional to frequency.
But the stalling torque remains the same.
4 R2 Since the rotor resistance is increased four times the actual value, the I 2R losses in the
rotor become so high that the torque reduces drastically.
17
s = 0.08
s = 0.067
s = 0.044
s = 0.042
s = 0.029
75% Rated Voltage Since torque is proportional to the square of voltage, the torque
decreases with decrease in applied voltage. Thus, speed decreases or slip increases with
decrease in voltage.
33 Hz - Torque increases with decrease in frequency because torque is inversely proportional
to Ns. This increase in torque causes the speed to improve, and the slip to decrease, as seen in
the graph.
33 Hz, constant v/f when v/f is constant, but both V and f are decreased, the torque decreases
because torque is proportional to the square to voltage but inversely proportional to frequency.
But the stalling torque remains the same. The decreased torque causes the speed to reduce, or
the slip to increase which is reflected in the above graph.
4 R2 Since the rotor resistance is increased four times the actual value, the I 2R losses in the rotor
become so high that the torque reduces drastically. Due to increased losses, speed also decreases.
18
N = 1470 rpm
N =1420 rpm
N = 990 rpm
N = 940 rpm
75% Rated Voltage Since Speed and torque are directly proportional to voltage, speed dips as
voltage is decreased.
33 Hz Here, Ns becomes 990 since frequency is changed. So, the speed is very less compared to
rated operation. But the speed does not dip quickly. It is seen that the slop of the curve depends
on the voltage and not frequency.
33 Hz, constant v/f Here also, Ns becomes 990 since frequency is changed. But, voltage is also
decreased, so the decrease in the speed is more compared to the previous case and it is observed in
the graph.
4 R2 The drastic increase in rotor resistance causes rotor copper losses to increase, and hence the speed
to decrease.
19
75% Rated Voltage When voltage is decreased, the flux produced in the motor decreases,
thus the reactive power supplied to the motor decreases, causing an increase in power factor.
33 Hz With decrease in frequency, the flux produced in the machine increases, i.e the
reactive power required for the machine will increase. This increase in reactive power will
cause a decrease in power factor.
33 Hz, constant v/f a decrease in voltage and decrease in frequency such that v/f ratio
remains constant will result in a constant flux, thus the reactive power does not vary. Thus, the
curve coincides with that of the rated operating conditions
.
4 R2 the increase in rotor resistance causes the motor to be more resistive, thus increasing the power
factor.
20
75%
70.5%
54.5%
75% Rated Voltage When voltage is decreased, the flux produced in the motor decreases, the
torque also decreases but the losses remain the same. Thus, efficiency decreases when voltage is
decreased.
33 Hz With decrease in frequency, the flux produced in the machine increases, thus
increasing the torque. Also, the decreased frequency also decreases the inductive reactance
losses, hence resulting in an improved efficiency.
33 Hz, constant v/f Since voltage is decreased torque (which is proportional to the square of
voltage) also decreases. Even though frequency is decreased, the effect of decrease in voltage
dominates, resulting in a decreased efficiency.
4 R2 the increase in rotor resistance results in increased rotor copper losses, thus the efficiency
of the machine decreases due to increased losses.
21
IL = 8A
IL = 7.5 A
IL = 6.4 A
IL = 4.6 A
75% Rated Voltage When voltage is decreased, to provide a required torque, the motor needs
more current than while operating at rated voltage. Thus, for a particular output power, the line
current drawn increases.
33 Hz Since frequency is decreased, torque increases, and thus, to provide a given output
power, the machine requires less current than that of the rated operating conditions. Moreover,
more flux is produced with less current when frequency is reduced.
33 Hz, constant v/f Since voltage is decreased, it results in increased line current for a given
load condition. But due to the effect of decreased frequency, the machine draws less current
compared to the 75% of rated voltage operating condition.
4 R2 The increase in rotor resistance will result in more losses, thus more current will be
required for a particular load, compared to the rated operating conditions.
22
INFERENCES:
RESULT:
No load and blocked rotor tests were performed on a three phase induction motor to
determine its equivalent circuit parameters. Theoretical performance characteristics were generated
from the equivalent parameters. Load test was performed on the three phase induction motor and the
experimental performance characteristics were obtained and compared with the theoretical
performance characteristics. Theoretical performance characteristics were obtained for a given
different operating voltage, frequency, rotor resistance and for a constant v/f ratio and compared
with the rated performance characteristics.
23