Larete ,Paolo Rodrigo

famous Filipino architects

Leandro Locsin
Locsin was born in 1928 and died in 1994. He was an artist as well as architect, and his work
adapted Western architecture for the Filipino lifestyle. He is known for his use of concrete,
floating volume and simplistic design. In 1990, he was named National Artist of the Philippines
for Architecture. His works range from churches to airports, and his most important contribution
is the Cultural Center of the Philippines.

Ildefonso Paez Santos

Santos is known as the Father of Philippine landscape architecture. His work blends green
spaces and natural elements with urban spaces. Santos was a pioneer in the field and was
named National Artist for Architecture in 2006. One of his most famous works is the Makati
Commercial Center. He was also commissioned to revitalise Paco Park in Manila.

Pablo Antonio
Antonio is known for his use of clean lines, strong shapes and simplicity. A pioneer of modern
Filipino architecture, he was named National Artist of the Philippines in 1976. He designed
several buildings for the Far Eastern University in Manila, as well as several theaters, including
the Ideal Theater. Antonio often used natural ventilation systems and sunscreens to make the
buildings more practical for the harsh Filipino climate.

Juan Felipe Nakpil

is famous of his major works: the Geronimo de los Reyes Building,Magsaysay Building, Rizal
Theater, Capitol Theater, Captain Pepe Building, Manila Jockey Club, Rufino Building, Philippine Village
Hotel,University of the Philippines Administration and University Library, the reconstructed Rizal
house in Calamba, Laguna.He also designed the International Eucharistic Congress altar and improved
the Quiapo Church in 1930 by erecting a dome and a second belfry.

Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which makes the Earth warmer. People are adding
several types of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, and each gas's effect on climate change
depends on three main factors:
How much?
People produce larger amounts of some greenhouse gases than others. Carbon dioxide is the
greenhouse gas you hear people talk about the most. That's because we produce more carbon dioxide
than any other greenhouse gas, and it's responsible for most of the warming.
How long?
Some greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere for only a short time, but others can stay in the
atmosphere and affect the climate for thousands of years.
How powerful?
Not all greenhouse gases are created equal! Some trap more heat than others. For example, one
pound of methane traps about 21 times as much heat as one pound of carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by humans, but several other gases
contribute to climate change, too.

Greenhouse gases come from all sorts of everyday activities, such as using electricity, heating our
homes, and driving around town.
These greenhouse gases don't just stay in one place after they're added to the atmosphere. As air
moves around the world, greenhouse gases become globally mixed, which means the concentration of
a greenhouse gas like carbon dioxide is roughly the same no matter where you measure it. Even
though some countries produce more greenhouse gases than others, emissions from every country
contribute to the problem. That's one reason why climate change requires global action. The graph
below shows how the world's total greenhouse gas emissions are continuing to increase every year.

QC Council okays permanent closure of Payatas dumpsite

After inquiries marred by clashes at the plenary and committee levels, the Quezon City (QC) Council has finally
approved the controversial resolution seeking the permanent closure of the Payatas Sanitary Landfill.
Now the real question begins. Will Mayor Herbert Bautista approve or veto the resolution co-authored by myself and
Councilor Victor Ferrer Jr.? We hope not, said Quezon City Councilor Ranulfo Rannie Ludovica (2nd District).
Ludovica and Ferrer issued the proposal citing that the Payatas dumpsite is no longer suitable to be utilized as a safe
and reliable waste disposal facility as it is being used without an environmental clearance certificate (ECC).
Moreover, Ludovica said that the continued operation of the Payatas Dumpsite is being marred with charges of
corruption, anomalies and irregularities.
Citing reports, Ludovica said that Payatas Dumpsite can only hold 800 tons of waste daily but the six districts of Quezon
City produce around 2,800 tons of discards every day adding it up to 720,000 tons of wastes per year.
Aside from the waste produced by Quezon City, Ludovica claimed that other cities and municipalities use the landfill to
dump their garbage and waste materials.
Concerns over the permanent closure of the dumpsite cropped up when Councilors Franz Pumaren and Roger Juan
said an alternative dumpsite will cost the city government more than P600 million.
Pumaren claimed that he has no problem with the proposal but expressed concern over the exorbitant budget that it
would entail to construct an alternative dumpsite.
A similar concern was echoed by Juan who asked Ludovica to conduct further studies of his proposal as he insinuated
that the disadvantages far outweighed the benefits.
In PR 19 CC-922, Ludovica and Ferrer said the Payatas Dumpsite was ordered closed and was converted into a
potential source of energy coming from methane gas.
Despite the seeming opposition from critics, Ludovica insisted that the projected P600 million expense to build another
landfill is chicken feed compared to the welfare and health gains that the thousands of residents from eight affected
subdivision stand to benefit.
He noted that the stench and the foul odor from the dumpsite especially during heavy rains have become unbearable
as many residents were constantly afflicted with respiratory and other similar diseases.
The windows and doors of residential houses are now closed 24/7 as the disgusting odor and unpleasant smell have
become agonizing and awful, Ludovica said.
Homeowners groups and environmental advocates have also questioned the continued operation of the Payatas
dumpsite prompting Ferrer and Ludovica to come up with the measure.
The groups claimed that corrupt officials are making money with the continued operation of the Payatas dumpsite citing
that each dump truck that dispose of their garbage is charged P3,500 per trip.

Ludovica noted that the dumpsite was closed due to the July 10, 2000 tragedy where around 300 people died when a
150-foot garbage pile collapsed and buried local residents living in the makeshift shanties at the open dump.
Due to the lack of alternative waste disposal facility, a portion of the 15-hectare Payatas Dumpsite was reopened but
only as a transfer station under the management of a private contractor.
Under the transfer station scheme, the former dumpsite must be used only to sort out recyclables with the actual
garbage being dumped at the San Mateo Landfill or other sanitary landfill being leased by the city government.
However, Ludovica and Ferrer received mounting complaints t that instead of being used merely as a transfer station,
it is now being operated as a new dumpsite with garbage creeping towards the houses in the vicinity.
What is worse is that the piles of garbage now cover and clog more than half of a creek running across the barangay
which pose health and environmental risks to the residents like the recurrence of trash avalanche, Ludovica said.
He added that the proximity of the dumpsite to the La Mesa Dam which supplies most of the drinking water in Metro
Manila might cause contamination due to impurities produced by the mixture of water and garbage passing from
underneath the dump leading to the dam and Marikina River. (Chito A. Chavez)

Smokey Mountain is the term coined for a large landfill located in Manila, Philippines.

operated for more than 40 years,[1] consisting of over two million metric tons of waste. The
flammable substances on decomposing waste led to numerous fires which has resulted in many
deaths

payatas dumsite is a barangay located in the 2nd district of Quezon City, Metro
Manila, Philippines.[1] Nearby barangays are Commonwealth, Batasan Hills and Bagong Silangan.
A distinguishing feature of Payatas is the Payatas Dumpsite, a 13 hectare garbage dumpsite in Area
B. In the 1970s, the area was merely a ravine that was surrounded by farming villages and rice
paddies.[2] Now, Payatas houses a 50-acre landfill which earns it the name "second Smokey
Mountain".[3]
Payatas is characterized by a steep and sloping terrain, crisscrossed by creeks, rivers, ravines, and
low-lying areas near the Marikina River. A fault line runs through its eastern boundary. A large part
of the area is classified as medium residential zone that includes housing subdivisions, depressed or
informal settlements, and undeveloped areas.
Covering a total land area of 774 hectares, a greater portion of Payatas is privately owned (681 ha,
or 88%; see Chart 1). Government-owned land, which includes the four-hectare national government
complex (NGC) and the Quezon City property, covers a smaller portion (12%; 93 hectares) of the
total land area. While portions of the privately owned area were already developed into residential
subdivisions, a vast area (80%) has yet to be fully developed. Nonetheless, despite the poor access
and lack of services and facilities, these areas continue to attract a large number of informal settlers
from various areas of Metro Manila.