PART 2

AUTOMATIC FARE COLLECTOR (AFC)

This department of DMRC deals with the fare collection system. DMRC
uses automatic fare collecting machines. This feature is not available in
INDIAN RAILWAYS. The AFC is composed of:
One central computer
One station computer
Equipments like TOM, BIM, Gate
The AFC machines are installed at the entry of the station.
There are two parts of any station in DMRC:
1. Unpaid or Free area
2. Paid area
1.Unpaid or free area:
The area in which passengers can walk with out any cost is known as unpaid
area. The entry gate & ticket-window come under this area.
2. Paid area:
The area in which passengers have to pay for entering is known as paid area.
The Railway Tracks & platforms come under this area.
Devices used by DMRC for revenue collection:
1. Gate
2. Contact less smart card/token
3. TOM
4. BIM
5. Ticket decoder and ticket reader machines

Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

1. GATE:

The device, which demarcates the paid & unpaid area, is known as a Gate.
There are two types of gates:
Simple gate
Hybrid gate
Simple gate:
This is the gate used for the entry and exit of a normal person i.e.
one who is not physically challenged.
Hybrid gate:
This type of gate is used for physically challenged people. It is
wider than the simple gate and is appropriate for any standard
wheel chair to pass through.
Both gates are shown in the following fig. The basic difference between
them is of their flaps. Simple gate has small flap, where as a hybrid gate has
a wider flap.
SIMPLE GATE:

Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

HYBRID GATE:

Construction of a Gate:
Gate is a collection of different components, which are generally classified
as :
1: UCM:
It is exactly like a CPU i.e. it is the brain of gate. Which controls the
operation of gate.
2: Sensors
3: Dispature: It is simply a 230 to 24 volt converter.
4: PID
5: SMV
6: SMA
7: Radio-frequency receiver & transmitter circuit for checking the ticket.

Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

Modes in which gates are used:

Single mode
o Entry mode
o Exit mode
Double mode

Different zones of Gate:

Performed through a set of 16 optocells (emitter-receiver) passage is split

into following four zones according to sensor placement:
1: Detection zone
2: Surveillance zone
3: Safety zone
4: Exit zone

Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

UCM (Unit Control Module)

Working of Gate:

* Interaction of media with contact less smart card/token .

* Reader reads it.
* Authorization by DCM.
* PID informs passenger.
* Validation or error tone from speaker (LS).
* If valid DCM gives command to PLC.
* PLC operates dc-motor.
* Flap opens and passengers passes through sensors (16).
* Sensors give status to PLC through interface board.
* PLC sends passage completion message to DCM.
* UCM records the transaction and uploads it to SC.

Different Gate Operation Modes:

Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

* In service mode:
o In this mode Gate can function as Entry/Exit or reversible gate. $
Mode is set by SC or command from maintenance menu of Gate.
$ PID, GED and CSC R/W work according to mode set.
* Maintenance mode:
o In this mode Gate remains blocked for Entry as well as Exit.
o Media validating devices are off.
o PID displays maintenance information to operator.
o Set locally from Gate itself.
* Station closed mode:
o In this mode gate remains blocked for entry only.
o Media validating devices from the Exit operate.
o SC or Gate sets mode locally from maintenance menu.
* Out of service mode:
o In this mode Gate remains blocked for Entry as well as Exit.
o Media validating devices are off.
o GED shows Red Cross-and Pill displays Out Gf service.
* Emergency open Mode:
o Gate flaps open.
o PID displays EMERGENCY.
o Passengers can walk freely through aisle without ticket.

2. CSC/CST:
These are the advanced tickets used in DMRC. There are two types of tickets
by which we can do our journey:
Contact less smart card
Contact less smart token
Contact less smart token:
It is a coin like device, which has a chip in which read & write
operation can be performed. It also consists of a coil, which is charged
through electromagnetic induction on interaction with the gate. A special
machine known as R/W module is used for the R/W operation in token.
Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

Contact less smart card:

The external structure of CSC is like an ATM card or a credit card, in which
R/W & processing operation take place. It has an electromagnetic coil at it's
edges, which is used for taking power through radio waves, which is in
micro volts. Before using it, it is initialized i.e. password is encoded by
DMRC through bulk initialization machine during manufacturing.

3. TOM:
TOM is the ticket office machine. It provides the AFC system with all
services involved in the ticket delivery to users. This sale terminal is a
semiautomatic machine manually operated by employees of DMRC. The
machine is a standard personal computer, connected to different appropriate
peripherals. The operation is basically done through a screen and a keyboard
connected with the PC.
TOM can do the following current transactions:
# Ticket sale.
# Ticket reloading (or add value)
# Ticket consolation.
# Ticket data analysis and solving of conflicts and errors.
# Ticket refund.
# Ticket cancel.
# Replacement of damaged card.

4. BIM:

BIM is the Bulk initialization machine. It a machine just like TOM but with
a difference in it's working i.e. it is only used for card initialization. It is
provided at the customer care center or the excess fare room at the station.

5. Ticket reader and ticket decoder:

The ticket reader (TR) is self-service equipment installed in the station

concourse. The TR is used for a rapid and user friendly display, in English
and in Hindi, of information stored in CSC or in CST. It enables the user to
check the validity of a ticket.
The aim of the ticket decoder (a small portable device) is to perform the
routine day-to-day inspection of both CSC & CST and facilitate the
passenger surveys, which is commonly operated by a ticket inspector.
Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

TICKET READER

TICKET DECODER

AFC (Automatic Fair Collection) management system

in DMRC:
This system deals with monitoring of revenue collection in DMRC, for
Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

which computers are used. They are placed at different locations for
performing various works. The complete structure of computers forms the
central computer architecture i.e.:
SC (Station Computer):
It is the computer used at stations as local Server i.e. it is the PC
linked with other computers present on that station, using LAN. SC
has all the information stored in TOM &GATES.
CC (Central Computer):
It is the computer, which is used in Operation Control Center (OCC),
which has all the information of SC. It acts like a Central server.
MS (Middle-ware Server):
The MS is used to:
# Relay the Master clock system and broadcast the time
synchronization via NTP over the LAN.
# Communicate with other systems.
# Manage Business Report execution.
AS (Archiving Server):
The AS is dedicated to archive the data using AFC server Archive
software in order to save on a DLT top partial or global data form the
central system and particularly concerning data center server SQL
data base (transaction data, financial data, client data, statistic data
etc. . . .).

ACCA (Administration Console & Certified):

This computer is used for the identification of smart cards in DMRC
i.e. it gives a code to CSC using DSM (Data security module) device.

PS (Production Server):
The PS ensures the data exchange between CC & BIM. The PS acts
as a SC for a production center. The PS communicates with the CC
either directly or via center and can be used in any place other than
Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008

the central headquarter.

In normal mode, the PS manages the set of BIM associated with it,
for the data uploading and downloading in the following orders:
# To transmit the operating parameters to BIM.
# To collect production shift transaction data from BIM for
transmission to the DC.

Balvinder Singh
Univ. Roll no.: 41205008