Strategic Directions for Transport

Development in China

XIA Hong
Comprehensive Planning Department
Ministry of Transport, P.R.China
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian
Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Directors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the source, originality,
accuracy, completeness or reliability of any statement, information, data, finding, interpretation, advice, opinion, or view presented, nor
does it make any representation concerning the same.
Contents

1. Current Status of Transport in China

2. Main Challenges

3. Strategic Directions

2
1. Current Status

1.1 Rapid development

‡ Transport infrastructure network

450 16
Inland Waterway：

Railway, Inner River(10,000KM)

400 14
123 000 km
350
12
Highway (10,000KM)

300
10
250 Railway：
8
200 86 000km
6
150

100 4
Road：
50 2
3 830 000 km
0 0
1980 1982 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009

Road Rai l way I nl and Wat er way 3

1. Current Status

1.1 Rapid development

‡ Motor vehicle

6467 600
China
7000 Japan
500
6000 France
4173
10 000 vehi cl es

Canada

Vehicles Per 1000 Persons

5000 400 US

4000
300
3000
2000 321 200
28
1000
100
0
1985 2008
0
Ci vi l vehi cl es Pr i vat e vehi cl es
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Civil vehicles and private vehicles in China in 2008 Year

4
1. Current Status

1.1 Rapid development

‡ Investment of Public Transport

1200
Investment of Public Transport

1037. 2
1000
亿元

852. 4
( 100,000RMB)

800
公共交通投资额/

604
600
476. 7

400 328. 5
293. 8 281. 9
194. 9
200 155. 7
103. 1

0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
5
1. Current Status

1.2. Laws and regulations

1.2.1 National legislation

——1989，ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA by NPC standing committee
——2004，China Medium-and-long Term Energy Conservation Plan by NDRC
——2007，Energy Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China by NPC
standing committee
——2007，China National Climate Change Program by the State Council
——2007，National Environment and Health Action Plan (2007-2015)

In 2004, the transport sector was set as one of the three areas for
energy saving in order to achieve the national strategy of building
an energy-saving and environmental friendly society,
6
1. Current Status

‡ Energy saving and emission reduction regulations

——1998, Regulations on the Administration of Construction Project

Environmental Protection
—— 2001, Regulations on the Water and Soil Conservation of Transport
Construction Project
——2003，Regulations on the Administration of Environmental Protection
of Transport Construction Project
¾ Environmental impact assessment system: 98% highway and
waterway construction projects and all the planning
¾ Greening and soil conservation of all newly built expressways
——2008，The Implementation of Energy Conservation Law in the
Highway and Waterway Sectors
——2008，Opinions on Promoting the Development of the Modern
Transport Sector
——2008，Outline of Medium-and-long Term Energy Saving Plan of
Highways and Waterways
7
1.
1. Current
Current Status
Status

1.2. 2 Relevant specifications

‡ Limits and Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for. Commercial

Vehicle for Passenger Transport；
‡ Limits and Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption for. Commercial
Vehicle for Freight Transport；
‡ Limits and Measurement Methods of Pollutants for Light Vehicles (China Ⅲ
and Ⅳ) ；
‡ Effiuent standard for pollutants from ship；
‡ Specification for Energy Conservation Design of Port and Waterway
Engineering ；
‡ Specification for Environmental Protection Design of Port Engineering
……
8
1.
1. Current
Current Status
Status

1.2.3 Urban Public Transport Strategy

China Government put public transport priority as the strategic

focus of urban and transport development

— In 2005，The Guideline of Giving Priority to Urban Public Transport

by the State Council;
— In 2006, Comments on the Economic Policy of Urban Public
Transport Priority by the former MOC, NDRC, MOF, and MHRSS;
— In 2007 and 2008，Public transport week (108 cities) and car free day
(110 cities), with theme on green transport and health

9
1.
1. Current
Current Status
Status

Public Transport---Beijing

During the 29th Olympic Games, Beijing public transport: 20 million person times
per day, travel percentage 45%, with 10% increase.

During：odd-even number traveling, flexible working time, reducing large public compaigns and
conferences
‡After: one day free per week, 30% government vehicles stop
‡Long-term: parking fees raise, park-and-ride
‡Air quality much improved
Vehicle use restriction: before and after

10
1.
1. Current
Current Status
Status

NMT and Park-and-Ride

The “Eleventh-Five” Year Plan of

Beijing: 26 park-and-ride sites, with
only RMB 2 Yuan parking fees per day

Bicycle Park-and-ride in Beijing Metro line 5 11

2. Challenges

2.1. Social development puts higher demands on transport

•Rapid Economic Development

•Turnover Volume of Passenger and Freight

•Rapid Urbanization and Motorization

12
2. Challenges
•Mega-city congestion

Vehicles Ownership in Beijing

From To Years

1949-1997 2300 1 Mil. 48

1998-2003 1 Mil. 2 Mil. 6
2004-2007 2 Mil. 3 Mil. 4
2008-2009 3 Mil. 4 Mil. 2

13
2. Challenges

2.2. Transport structure improvement

－－Passenger-oriented service
Convenience, Comfort, Seamless Connection and Affordable Price

－－Logistics

Reliable,Fast, Efficient, Proportion of the total cost of

at an Affordable Price logistics to GDP
China 18.3%

USA 9.5%
Japan 8.7%
14
2. Challenges

2.3. Energy saving and environmental friendly transport industry

• oil • variable land • coastline

fuel economy in
China is 10-20%
lower than that of
developed countries

15
2. Challenges

2.4. Harmony between transport & environment

－Air Pollution

－Traffic Noise

－Ecological Damage

－Oil Pollution in Ocean

－Greenhouse Gas

16
3. Strategic Directions

3.1 Strategic Objectives

The overall objective ：

Basically form a “High-efficient，safety-green，good

service” transport system to adapt the needs of
economic and social development.

17
3. Strategic Directions

3.1 Strategic Objectives

1. Transportation infrastructures are more perfect .

2. Transportation service quality improve significantly.
3. Transportation safety and emergency response ability
improve significantly.
4. Efficiency of resource use, energy- saving,
environmental protection are significantly increased.

18
3. Strategic Directions

3.1 Strategic Objectives

‡ Transportation infrastructures are more perfect

☆ Strengthen the road network construction

☆ Improve urban public transport infrastructure and service capacity
☆ Improve the overall level of rural roads and service capacity
☆ Optimize the layout of the transport hub

19
3. Strategic Directions

3.1 Strategic Objectives

‡ Improve Transportation service quality

☆ Highway passenger/cargo average annual growth rate increased by

6% /7%, port cargo average annual growth rate increased by 6%
☆ Trunk road congestion is not more than 0.5 and the average
speed is up to 70 km/h
☆ Urban public transportation network density is not less than
3km/km2, bus station 300 meters coverage is not less than 70%.

20
3. Strategic Directions

3.1 Strategic Objectives

‡ Transportation safety and emergency response

ability improve significantly.
9 Life salvage rate of Water is more than 93%, major accident
rate drop 10% ships per 10000 .
9 Monitoring and emergency support forces coverage the
national trunk highways and major ports basically
9 Urban public transport safety plan is more perfect and has a
low accident rate.

21
3. Strategic Directions

3.1 Strategic Objectives

‡ Efficiency of resource use, energy- saving,

environmental protection are significantly increased.

9 Transportation energy efficiency increased significantly

9 Bus priority implementation of the strategy to achieve
significant results , rate of bus-sharing enhance ,the new buses
in large and medium cities reach Euro III standards , new energy
bus rate is more than 5%.
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Continue to accelerate construction of transportation
infrastructure
• Promoting the national network and rural road construction and
the general upgrading of National Highway
• Establish International transport corridor
• Promoting the Bus Rapid Transport and separated bus lane

2015:
Highway: 4.5 Million Km
(Expressway: 0.1 Million Km; Rural road: 3.9 Million Km)

23
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Continue to accelerate construction of transportation
infrastructure

• Strongly support to build the integrated transport hub

• Guiding the freight station to develop to the logistics park.

Pilot Project of Integrated hub (under construction):

Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Changsha, Chongqing, Chengdu

National integrated hub Planning: 179 cities

24
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Overall increase transport efficiency and service levels

Transport equipment -- guide the operation vehicles and ships to

develop along the direction of standards, professional and clean.

Transportation Organization --promote multimodal transport ,

improve the transportation professional, organizational and network
level .

Transport market --Strengthening the transport market

environment , improve market access, exit and regulatory system .

Logistics --Market-oriented , enterprise principal, promote the

development of modern logistics.
25
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Strengthen the management of urban passenger transport

BUS——“Public Transport Regulation”, Improving the subsidy of

public transport operation, Optimization of structure of a vehicle，
enhance the level of transport equipment.

Service Management —Development of urban public transport

service standards and codes, establish urban public transport services
quality evaluation system, establish the foundation of national public
transport development, Strengthen the supervision of urban public
safety operations .

Taxi —Improve the market access system ，standardized operation

and management ，strengthen market supervision ，maintain the taxi
market order. 26
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Promote the region, urban and rural transport coordinated
development

Region coordinated development :Accelerate the building of

inter-regional road corridors and inland water transport infrastructure ,
eliminate the inter-provincial barriers in the transportation market to
promote regional transport market integration.

Urban and rural development :Promote the integration of

urban and rural transportation. Develop and improve the
Coordination-Share mechanisms , economic policy , standard
specification system .

27
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Enhance emergency support and safety capacity

—Speed up the traffic safety regulation and assistance capacity building ，

establish a modern road safety regulation and public service information
system

—Construction of the Ministry, provincial, city and county four levels of traffic
emergency response system, perfect the four traffic emergency command
platform , establish emergency information management system

28
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Develop green transport

Environmental protection —promote the ecological construction of

roads and green ports, propel transportation throughout environmental
protection.

Resource utilization — improve highway construction sites and port-

line usage，promotion of new materials, new technology ，promote
the transport circular economy .

Energy-saving emission reduction —Vigorously develop energy-

saving environmentally-friendly transport equipment , give priority to
the development of public transport , guide the rational use of private
cars.
29
3. Strategic Directions

3.2 Action Plan

„Good grasp of scientific and technological progress and information

technology

Scientific and technological progress —Focuses on

innovation capacity-building in science and technology，significant and
critical technology R & D and the promotion of scientific and
technological achievements.

Information technology — Mainly centered on raising the

operating quality, service people travel, etc，strengthen the construction
of the transport industry information. Promoting the intelligent transport
system to providing real-time public transport information service.

30
 Conclusion
9 The huge achievements during the 11th five year plan
9 It is a heavy task for the transport sector to achieve the sustainability in
terms of economy, society, environment and institution during 2011-2015.
9 Urban transport management is a new responsibility for MOT, the pilot
studies of integrated measures will be implemented in the typical cities for
promoting public transport development including real-time information
service, reasonable car use policy, priority of public transport planning and
land use, efficient service evaluation.
9 Chinese Government has made active efforts and achieved a lot in these
aspects. We are confident that the set objectives can be realized through
our practical efforts.
9 We also wish to jointly efforts to combating climate change by learning
foreign advanced experience and carrying out international exchange and
cooperation. 31
Thank you for your
attention

32