Ch#4:

Training and Development

Training Need
Analysis (TNA):
In Training and Need Analysis (TNA) wee
check the progress and development our
organization .If there is any hurdle for
achieving the organizational goals and for
achieving the set targets than higher
management take a decision how to solve
this problem.
After taking the decision and diagnose the
problem or error, the higher management
wants to train their employees to solve the
problem, in that case (TNA) is needed.
Because in (TNA) manager wants to match
the competencies and skills sets.
Sets of Competencies:

 Knowledge base
Skills base

Staff development and

training techniques:
Internal trainers:
Sometimes managers hire internal employees
to train other weak employees, experienced
employees train fresh employees and those
employees who wants training. In that case
organization pay incentives to experienced
employees for training the other employees.

External trainers:
Sometimes managers hire external trainers
for the training of their employees, external
trainers are hires because they are more
experienced and knowledge as compare to
their own employees.
If the training is based on technical
knowledge and skills than managers prefer

Technical training centers for the

assessment and training of their employees.

How to
motivate employees:
Fair policies
Competitive policies
Pay incentives
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
More performance more incentives

Total
numbers of trainings:
Total numbers of trainings are based on two
things:
Need
Resources available

Kinds of trainings:

 Technical training (Technical training

centers)
Soft training (Managers)

Tools for making

performance appraisals:
Performance appraisals are objective based.
One is objective assigned and second is softskills.

1.

Objective based:

2.

Soft-skills:

Objective assigned for 1 year

Assessment after 1 year

Personal attributes
Skills, knowledge and experience

How to manage the

performance of employees?
Line managers check the performance of
employees and after the assessment of their
work appraisals are formed.

By setting short goals

Feedback
Assigning of duties
Pay annual increments
Short reports
PSM(Process Safety Management)

Chapter #5 :
Challenges of HR

Competition of Firm:
There are two types of competitions:

1.

Direct Competition:

ANGRO
FFC
PAK-AMERCIAN

2.

Indirect Competition:

Overseas firms like:

Gas
Petrol
Indirect competition is due to:
Complexity of work
Manufacturing process etc

CHALLENGES:
Before three years PAKARAB is shut down
due to shortage of natural gas, this is one of

the big challenges facing the organization.

Other challenges include:

Salaries decrease
Availability of raw material
Continuous supply of resources at appropriate
prices
Shortage of natural gas
LNG is more expensive as compared to natural
gas
Experienced employees leave the organization
Due to LNG production cost is very high
Increasing price of final products
Bills of LNG

Retaining of employees:
Due to shortages of resources and raw
material PAKARAB faces many challenges
and many experienced employees leave the

company because lower level of income and

facilities. PAKARAB hire fresh engineering to
fulfill the vacant space at low salaries but
the fresh engineers have limited knowledge
about the plants and organization, so one of
the big challenges is to retaining of
employees.

Chapter#3
Recruitment Process

Recruitment placement:
Types of Employees:
There are two types of Types of Employees in
PAKARAB:
Management employees
Staff members

Management employees:

Management employees are non-union

employees, HR department hire the
management employees, and training and
development of these employees are the
responsibility of HR department , in
management employees there are two main
characters
There are non-union employees.
There is contract agreement.
There is a hierarchy.

Staff members:
Staff members are union employees, HR
department are not hire the staff members
because they are at junior level employees
and there are two main characters of these
employees,
1, Union labor
2, Labor laws
3, Industrial relations

How to hire talent? (Internal

or External sources)?
Like PAKARAB every organization wants to
hire employees from internal sources, but
there are limited skills and knowledge within
the organization thats why Managers
sometimes try to hire talent from external
sources because they need more skills and
knowledge for the betterment of the
organization.
The hiring of the employees is basically to
fulfill the vacant spaces in the organization,
thats why managers hire talent from both
internal and external sources.

Hiring
from Internal sources:
Hiring from internal sources based upon
some characters like,
Reference based
Consultants
Skills and experience

Selection of the employees:

There are two categories and rank in which a

manager can select employees,
Higher ranking
Lower ranking
We select an employee from internal sources by
mutual understanding of employees and by raising
their salaries. Selection of employees is based on
their skills and job experience and their previous
records which is suitable for the organization
progress. It is to be noted that Manager always
prefers hiring from internal sources.

Advantages:
Less time consuming
Older employees know about the organization
culture and environment.
Cost-effective
More reliable
Friendly

Disadvantages:
Skills and knowledge are limited

 Sometimes they were lazy

Technical skills are limited

Hiring from
external sources:
In external source of hiring we introduced a
Graduate Training engineering program in
this process we survey some universities like
NUST, GIKI, PIEAS, UET, PUNJAB UNIVERSITY
and conduct test according to the
requirement of the job.

The process of the test includes,

Step 1:
Academic test

Step 2:
Check their technical skills and knowledge
which is suitable for the job.

Step 3:

One day assessment test, it includes

Group discussion
Case studies
One-to-One arguments
Check the personality
Short tests based on their technical
knowledge skills

If all the steps are completed than decision is

make that is based on the criteria and marks.
Hiring from external source is difficult and
time consuming but provide better results
and beneficial for the organization.
1 year Training program is compulsory and
after one year Manager can permanent the
employees. Same procedure is for the
Business studies programs.

Report on:
Fertilizer, Multan.

PAKARAB

Topics:
Recruitment process
Training and Development
HR Challenges

SUBMITTED BY:
Muneeb Ijaz (09)
Wali Khan (31)
Tehseen Javaid (1453)
MBA(HRM) 2nd semester

SUBMITTED TO:
Dr.Muhammad Imran Hanif
(Assistant Professor/Course Instructor)