Work Order No.

MPCB/ZA/EIP/PPur/WO/78/08 of 02nd June 2008

Techno--economic Feasibility Study of

Techno
Sanitation and Sewage Management for Pandharpur

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Why Pandharpur??

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Pandharpur as it is
Decadal Growth Rate of Pandharpur Town
100000
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0

30

Population

25

Growth Rate

20
15
10
5
0

Growth Rate

Population
: 91,381 (2001)
No of households : 17,302
H
Household
h ld size
i
: 5
Population density: 309 Persons/Km2

Populatiion

D
Demography
h

-5
-10
-15
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Year

Floating Population
A) Normal period
Daily Pilgrims

10,000

B) During Ekadashi
Fortnightly Ekadashi

25,000

Monthly Ekadashi

50 000
50,000

C) During Waries (Yatra)

Chaitree

3-4 lakh (10 day period)

Ashadhi

10-12
10
12 lakh (15 days period)

Kartiki

8-10 lakh (15 day period)

Magh

3-4 lakh (10 day period)

PRACTICES
Sanitation statusEXISTING
quo
50% of the population do not have a toilet
Inadequate Toilets and urinals during normal and
peak period
Poor O & M of Public facilities by contract labors
During wari, Individual/private facilities are not
used even by the local residents

Limited water availability at Public facilities create

unhygienic conditions

Open defecation in the river bed cause river water

pollution, ugly aesthetics and foul smell
Temporary Toilets erected by Municipal Council
during wari are inadequate, cause smell nuisance
around

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Guiding principles Bellagio Principles

1.

Human dignity, quality of life and environmental security should be at the

centre of the new approach, to suit needs and demands in the local settings.

2.

In line with good governance priniciples, decision-making should involve

participation of all stakeholders, especially the consumers.

3.
4.

Waste should be considered as a resource and its management should be

holistic and form part of integrated water resources, nutrient flows and waste
management
g
pprocesses.
Waste should be managed as close as possible to its source.

5.

Water should be minimally used to transport waste.

6.

Additional technologies for waste sanitization and reuse should be

developed.

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Approach to solutions

1. Understand the pilgrim demand, with their socio-cultural requirements

2. Approach to solutions focusing at resident population as well as floating population
3. Creation of sanitation facilities and sewage management facilities with ease of O&M
and reuse options from PMC`s perspective
4. De-congestion of sanitation facilities
5. Management of pilgrim`s demands
6. Innovative approaches & best sustainable practices
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Pilgrim Demand Management Darshan Queue

y Darshan is the prime purpose of pilgrim
y Current processing rate of 50 pilgrims/minute 3000 pilgrims/hour
y The output
p rate is constant whereas the arrival pprocess is variable

The greatest disadvantage of the current system is that the typical pilgrim
does not know:
y how long it will take him to reach the deity
y how manyy individuals are ahead of him
y if there is any disruption on service

Management cannot influence the waiting time but

Can make it enjoyable
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Pilgrim Demand Management Darshan Queue

Actions to be taken:

y Pilgrim
Pil i hhas tto registered
i t d iin registering
i t i counters
t on arrival
i l
y Actual time of reporting and the schedule of activities

for religious functions, the actual darshan time is

computed.
t d
y A bar-code generated at the time of registration is
integrated into a wristband
Convert the physical queue into a virtual queue

Ad
Advantages off proposed
dA
Action:
i
y no physical queue
y a fair and transparent system
y no uncertainty and anxiety on the waiting time
y data available as a consequence
q
of ppilgrim
g registration
g
can be

used to improve other facilities

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Pilgrim Demand Management Darshan Queue

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Pilgrim Distribution System

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Pilgrim Distribution Systems - Model Camp

Layout

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Model Camp facilities

Temporary Toilets

Langar Shed

Shops / Clinics /Convenience Blocks

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Institutional Capacity building aspects

Mobilisation of O&M-Staff
O&M Staff
y Creating of a network and platform for CBOs on District & State Level
y Attract new groups to join CBO
y Incentives for participation create an attractive atmosphere
y Profitable wages & benefits
y Provision of necessary
y equipment
q p
((cleaning
g material,, soap,
p, water,)
, )
y Provision of qualitative good working uniform (jacket, gloves, )

Only a clean toilet is attractive O&M has to be institutionalized

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IEC Strategy
Context
Strategic framework for the IEC strategy is to achieve the primary goal of cleaning the
Pandharpur town with the key element of participatory approach by the resident population
The
Th generall objective
bj ti off th
the IEC strategy
t t
is
i tto bbring
i ...
y permanent change in people's behavior and
y to institutionalize the concept of sanitation, sanitary aspects & the support systems

Strategy based on the active involvement of all members of the society for ...
y launching
l
hi a Cl
Clean P
Pandharpur
dh
movement andd
y bringing about a permanent behavioral change at the community level

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IEC Strategy
IEC strategy is process oriented rather than product-oriented and requires:
An immediate term approach for the first 6 months of period for the training to
the respective representatives from decision makers to grassroot level.
A short term approach with emphasis on process, aimingg primarilyy in
developing a list of steps for implementing a IEC strategy for all the other
religious places too.
Overall IEC planning, is based on an analysis of the needs and include a
package of 3 components:
i) strategy to address the needs and
ii) formative research
iii) monitoring in order to avoid over-reliance on media and materials.

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Technical Options

Assumptions
y The toilets and the sanitation system should suffice the requirement of a potential influx

of 500,000 people max.

y The ratio of male pilgrims to female pilgrims is taken as 7:3
y The average time in the toilet required for a male is 5 min and for a female is 8 min,
thus making the design requirement at 60 users per seat for male pilgrims and 40 users
per seat for female users.
users
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Technical Options
Proposed number of minimum toilet seats
Toilet requirements
q

Location
total people

men_toilet

women_toilet

total seats

[Nos]

[Nos]

[Nos]

[Nos]

Ri b k
Riverbank

40000

467

300

767

Maths

120000

1400

900

2300

Public buildings

10000

117

75

192

open spaces in
i ttown

40000

467

300

767

parking lots

100000

1167

750

1917

private acc. and hotels

60000

700

450

1150

takli lake area

30000

350

225

575

queueline

20000

233

150

383

wakri

80000

933

600

1533

500000

5833

3750

9583

total

total required

9583
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Technical Options
Types of collection system
y Public Toilet Centres 1 & 2 in public locations, Takli Lake area and parking lots
y Sewer toilets - different model camp sites
y Integrated Toilets in Maths and public buildings

L ti off facilities
Location
f iliti as close
l
t users as possible
to
ibl
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Technical Options
Types of collection system
Public Toilet Centres 1 & 2

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Technical Options
Types of collection system
Sewer Toilet

During off-season

During
g wari season

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Technical Options
Transportation mechanism
1. Gravity Sewer - District I, II and III

2 Vacuum
2.
Vac m Sewer
Se er - Riverbank
Ri erbank and Wakhri
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Technical
OptionsConditions
- Data Analysis
General Frame
and Assumptions
pop_permanent
ww_prod
[lpd]
organic load
[g BOD pr day]

Zone

110
45

ww_prod
g
load
organic

pop_permanent

pop_floating

District I
District II
District III
Riverbank
Wakri

56050
75150
11962

Takli Lake

6259
143162

pop_floating
[lpd]
[g BOD pr
p day]
y]

20
30

158000
172000
20000
40000
80000
470000

ww_prod
[MLD]
9.3
11 7
11.7
1.7
0.8
1.6
25.15

organic load
[t BOD/d]
7.3
85
8.5
1.1
1.2
2.4
20.5

30000
500000

1.3
26.4

1.2
21.7

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GIS Data analysis

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Technical Options

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Decentralized
Sanitation
Approach
SoW - GIS
GIS--Analysis
District
I&B
II
District I
has already a sewer network

District II
sewer network proposed by MJP
proposed
new STP
ww flows by
gravity to this well
Existing STP

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Sanitation
Approach
for
Takli Lake
area
SoW - GIS
Overall
GISStrategy
-Analysis
Technical
Takli
Options
Zone & Riverbank
Takli lake zone
Beautification plan already exists
4 PTC (20 seats each)
700 KLD treated in VFCW
Additional PTC from Railway Station generating additional 700 KLD
Treatment by Takli Lake Beautification Team

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Sanitation Approach for nalas

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Sanitation Solution Approach for Nalas

Nalas carrying high organic load and industrial effluent:
Measures:
on-site treatment systems for industries (milk dairy unit at Isbavi
and
sugar factory)
f t )
DTSs at end of nalas
But:
The nallas need to converted to rain water drains, as soon the entire
cityy has a completely
p
y implemented
p
sanitation solution

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Sludge management system for existing septic tanks

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Immediate Activities DPR on

on--going
Institutional capacity building
Information Education and
Communication Strategy (IEC)
Community
Community Based Organisations (CBOs)
Pilgrim Management Systems
Decongestion of Queue
Development
p
of model campp site
Sanitation and sewerage management
system
Strengthening of the existing sanitation
system
New facilities for State Transport and
Railway Departments toilet centres with
on site treatment systems
on-site
New facilities for Math Clusters
New model camp-sites at Parking Lot and
Wakhri
Clean Pandharpur Concept
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Thank you
RS Arun Kumar
CEO
Ecosan Services Foundation
arun.kumar@ecosanservices.org

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