Gas Turbine Functional Description

El Paso Amazonas Energia Ltda.
Plant B
Unit EPUGG21 & 22
Gas Turbine Functional Description
GE Frame 7B
By Adair Filho
Prepared By: Adair Filho

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Date 07-09-2005
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I. INTRODUCTION
A. General
The MS7001 is a single-shaft gas turbine designed for operation as a simple-cycle unit
or in a combined
steam and gas turbine cycle (STAG ). The MS7001 gas turbine assembly contains six
major sections
or groups:
1. Air inlet
2. Compressor
3. Combustion system
4. Turbine
5. Exhaust
6. Support systems
This section briefly describes how the gas turbine operates and the interrelationship of
the major components. Typical illustrations and photographs accompany the text.
The flange-to-flange description of the gas turbine is also covered in some detail. A
separate section is devoted to the air inlet and exhaust systems. Support systems
pertaining to lube oil, cooling water, etc. are also covered in detail in individual
sections.
B. Detail Orientation
Throughout this manual, reference is made to the forward and aft ends, and to the right
and left sides of the gas turbine and its components. By definition, the air inlet of the
gas turbine is the forward end, while the exhaust is the aft end. The forward and aft ends
of each component are determined in like manner with respect to its orientation within
the complete unit. The right and left sides of the turbine or of
C. Gas Path Description
The gas path is the path by which gases flow through the gas turbine from the air inlet
through the compressor,combustion section and turbine, to the turbine exhaust, as
illustrated in the flow diagram, Figure2. On optional regenerator equipped gas turbine
units, the gas path is directed from the compressor through external piping to the
regenerator unit for further heating, and then returned to the combustion chamber. The
location and functional relationships of the major sections of the MS7001 gas turbine
assembly are shown in Figure 3.
When the turbine starting system is actuated and the clutch is engaged, ambient air is
drawn through the air inlet plenum assembly, filtered and compressed in the multi-stage,
axial-flow compressor. For pulsation protection during startup, compressor bleed valves
are open and the variable inlet guide vanes are in the closed position. When the highspeed relay actuates, the bleed valves begin operation automatically and the variable
inlet guide vane actuator energizes to position the inlet guide vanes for normal turbine
operation. Compressed air from the compressor flows into the annular space
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surrounding the combustion chambers, from which it flows into the spaces between the
outer combustion casings and the combustion liners, and enters the combustion zone
through metering holes in each of the combustion liners.
Fuel from an off-base source is provided to flow lines, each terminating at the primary
and secondary fuel nozzles in the end cover of the separate combustion chambers. On
liquid fueled machines, the fuel is controlled prior to being distributed to the nozzles to
provide an equal flow into each liquid fuel distributor valve mounted on each end cover
and each liquid fuel line on each secondary nozzle assembly. On gas fueled machines,
the fuel nozzles are the metering orifices which provide the proper flow into the
combustion zones in the chambers. The nozzles introduce the fuel into the primary and
secondary combustion zone within each chamber where it mixes with the combustion
air and is ignited by one or both of the spark plugs. At the instant when fuel is ignited in
one combustion chamber flame is propagated, through connecting crossfire tubes, to all
other combustion chambers where it is detected by four primary flame detectors. Flame
in the secondary combustion zone is detected by four secondary flame detectors each
mounted on a flange provided on four of the secondary fuel nozzles.
The hot gases from the combustion chambers flow into separate transition pieces
attached to the aft end of the combustion chamber liners and flow from there to the
three-stage turbine section. Each stage consists of a row of fixed nozzles and a row of
turbine buckets. In each nozzle row, the kinetic energy of the jet is increased, with an
associated pressure drop, which is absorbed as useful work by the turbine rotor buckets,
resulting in shaft rotation used to turn the generator rotor to generate electrical power.
After passing through the third-stage buckets, the gases are directed into the exhaust
diffuser. The gases then pass into the exhaust plenum and are introduced to atmosphere
through the exhaust stack.

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Figure 1. Gas Turbine Assembly Looking Aft.

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Plant B Components Functional Descriptions.

Facility B is equipped with two gas Turbine Generator units manufactured by
General Electric. Each consists of a Frame 7b gas turbine as the prime mover for an
associated electric generator. Electric power from the generator is distributed to the
substation and to the plant electrical distribution system.
The gas turbine units, as supplied by General Electric, are prefabricated power plants
designed for independent standalone operation. Each unit consists of a gas turbine
engine, a generator, and all necessary supports systems required for safe reliable
operation. Each gas turbine units is made up the following compartments:
Accessory compartment contains the lube oil reservoir and pumps, starting
system, accessory gear, and hydraulic oil components.
Turbine Compartment Contains the gas turbine unit and connections to and
from the combustion turbine.
Load coupling compartment contains the load drive shaft and coupling as it
passes through the exhaust duct
Generator compartment contains the electric generator and exciter.
Control compartment contains the Speedtronic control panel, operator
interface
Each compartment requires ventilation or heat the control its internal temperature.
During normal operation, ventilation fans provide heat removal by drawing in cooler
ambient air and exhausting it to atmosphere. Fan size varies per compartment based on
heat removal requirements.
Each gas turbine system consist of the following major components and subsystems:
1. Gas Turbine Engine
2. Electrical Generator
3. Auxiliary Support Systems.
1 - GAS TURBINE ENGINE.
The gas turbine installed at facility B are General Electric Frame 7b, heavy-duty
gas turbine units supplied as a complete skid mounted package.
The GE Frame &b gas turbine engine consists of a seventeen stage axial flow
compressor, a ten chamber can type combustion section, and a three stage axial flow
turbine. The gas turbine is mounted on a structural steel platform tha supports the basic
gas turbine unit accessory equipment, and the inlet and exhaust plenums.
The gas turbine consists of three major sections:
Compressor
Combustor
Turbine

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Compressor
The Frame 7b gas turbine is equipped with a seventeen stage axial flow
compressor. The term axial flow defines the fact that the air flows parallel to the axis of
the compressor. The principal components of the axial flow compressor are the
compressor rotor and compressor stator. Each compression stage consists of one row of
rotating blades followed by one row of stationary (stator) VANES.
Most axial flow compressors are designed to deliver air at pressures 10 to 15
times the inlet pressure. the airflow requirement is also dependent on the physical size
and sped of the machine. the power to drive the compressor varies with air flow and
pressure rise. At full load, the compressor uses roughly two tirds the power produced by
the turbine section. The remaining power (one third) is used to turn the generator and
produced electricity.
Prior to the air entering the compressor blades in must first pass through a set of
variable inlet guide vanes (IGVS). the IGVS are a set of vanes that pivot on their axis
to regulate the airflow into the compressor; thus providing pulsation (stall) protection
during startup and shutdown. The IGVS are hydraulically actuated, using a closed
feedback loop which controls the vane angle position.
A key requirement of axial compressor design is avoidance of compressor
stall/surge during partial speed operation. The two primary methods of preventing
compressor stall/surge is by: 9!) controlling the in-flow of air to the compressor, and (2)
bleeding air from the compressor at one or more stages.
The inlet guide vanes are mechanically attached to one another through an
annular ring-gear and a series of pinion gears which allows all of the vanes to pivot
simultaneously at the same angle. A hydraulic cylinder is attached to IGV linkage
assembly to control movement and position of the vanes.
During a gas turbine starup, the inlet guide vanes are held in the full closed
position.
Doing so limits the amount of air drawn into the compressor; thereby reducing
the amount of torque required by starting motor to accelerate the turbine rotor. The
speedtronic acts to fully open the IGVs when turbine rotor speed reaches 95% of full
speed.
The use of interstage bleed valves is another method which the compressor can
prevent stall/surge. The GE Frame &b gas turbine uses 11th stage air exhausted into the
exhaust plenum. The bleed ports are each equipped with an open/close valve that is
controlled by the turbine control system. During starup and shutdown, the valves are
held open to bleed air from the compressor, thus preventing a stall or surge from
occurring.. the discharged air is piped to the turbine exhaust and direct onward through
the stack. Once the turbines is at synchronous speed, the bleed valve are closed and
must remain closed during turbine operation.
The compressor rotor is supported at the forwad and aft ends by bearing N01 e
N 02 and N03 respectively. All of the gas turbine journal bearings are of same type
and are lubricated by the gas turbine Lube Oil System. Two sets of labyrinth seals are
located on each side of bearing cavites. The area between the seals is pressurized by the
seal air. The N01 bearing also contains the thrust bearing for the gas turbine.

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Combustor.
The combustion section provides an area for the combustion of the air and fuel
mixture. The combustion section contains ten individual combustion chambers located
circumferentially around the gas turbine. The combustion chambers are of the reverse
flow typ; each containing the following components:
Liners
Flow sleeves
Transition pieces
Crossfire tubes
Flame detectors
Fuel nozzles
Spark plugs
Combustion air from the axial flow compressor enters the combustion chamber from the
cavity at the center of unit. The air flows upstream(backwards / reverse flow) along the
outside of the combustion liner toward the liner cap.
Hot gasses generated from burning fuel in the combustion chambers are used to
drive the turbine. Transition pieces direct the gases from the liners to the turbine
nozzles.
The ten combustion chambers are identical except for those fitted with spark
plugs (3 & 4), or flame detectors (7 & 8). The spark plugs are retraced after each use,
removing the sparking element from the gas path and extending their life.
The sparks plugs located in combustion cans 3 & 4 are used to ignite the fuel
flow in the combustors. These spark plugs are energized to ignite fuel during starup.
Flame is propagated to those combustion chambers without spark plugs through
crossfire tubes that connect the primary zones od adjacent combustion chambers around
the gas turbine.
During the start sequence, the gas turbine undergoes ignition, combustion, and
acceleration. Control systems are incorporated such that each phase of the startup
sequence occurs at a specific rpm, within a specified period of time, and that certain
parameters are achieved (e.g. temperature and rotational speed).
During gas turbine startup, a starting motor is required to begin rotation of the
engine. As rotation begins, the compressor draws in air and begins forcing it through the
engine. As shaft speed increases, the volume of airflow through the gas turbine engine
also increases. At a specific rpm, a programmed ignition sequence takes place.
As the startup sequence continues, the starting device continually increases the rotating
speed of the gas turbine. At the same time, increased thermal energy passes through the
turbine section and the turbine begins to develop shaft horsepower. At a certain point of
the startup sequence, the turbine will develop enough horsepower to turn the
compressor without the aid of the starting device. Hence; the gas turbine is said to be at
self-sustaining speed. Once the gas turbine passes the point of self-sustaining speed,
the starting device is disengaged. The gas turbine continues to accelerate until it reaches
idle speed.

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Turbine
The turbine section of a gas turbine engine is located immediately downstream
of the combustion section. Transition pieces direct the flow of hot combustion gases
from the outlet of each combustion chamber to the first stage turbine nozzles. As the gas
expands through the turbine, both thermal and kinetic energy of the combustion gases is
converted into rotational mechanical energy. In theory, design, and operating
characteristics, the turbines used in gas turbine engines are similar to those used in a
steam plant.
During unit operation, the temperature and flow of the hot gases produced in the
combustion section is determined by generator load. As the gas passes through the three
turbine stages, it expands and gives up both thermal and kinetic energy to the rotating
turbine buckets (blades). Sufficient energy must be available in the gas stream to
generate the mechanical rotation to drive the gas turbine compressor, the unit
auxiliaries, provide for bearing frictional losses, and have enough excess power to drive
the electric generator. It must be noted, that the compressor section alone consumes as
much as 60% of the turbines power output.
The turbine rotor consists of forward and aft wheel shafts, three stages of turbine
wheels, and two wheel spacers. Because of pressure reduction resulting from energy
conversion in each turbine stage, an increased annulus area is required to accommodate
the gas flow; thus the increasing size of the buckets in each successive stage.
The turbine buckets (blades) are constructed with firtree-shaped dovetails that fit
into matching cutouts in the turbine wheels. All three turbine stages have long shank
buckets which effectively shield the wheel rims and bucket roots from the high
temperature gas path while providing mechanical damping of bucket vibrations.
The turbine section contains three stages of nozzles which direct the high
velocity flow of the expanding hot combustion gases against the turbine buckets causing
the turbine rotor to rotate. Similar to the turbine rotor stages, the turbine stator stages
increase in size from inlet to outlet to accommodate the expanding gas. Because a high
pressure drop does occur across the nozzles, labyrinth seals are provided along the
inside diameter to prevent leakage; thus assuring the gas flows through the nozzles and
not around them. The outside diameter of the nozzles are dynamically fixed to the
turbine shell to provide for movement during thermal transitions.
Each stage of turbine nozzles consists of several nozzles segments held together
to form an annular nozzle ring.
2 - ELETRICAL GENERATOR.
The output shaft of the Frame 7 gas turbine extends through the load tunnel and
is .coupled to the electric generator. The generator is a 3-phase, 60 Hz machine
manufactured by HITACHI. Excitation is provided by a General Electric, Model
EX2000BR brushless
exciter that is driven by the generator shaft. All generator functions are automatic with
monitoring and control provided by the Mark V Speedtronic and EX2000 Controls
The generator is an air-cooled open-ventilation, 2 pole AC synchronous
generator. The major components of the generator are the stator (armature), the rotor,
and the exciter.
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3 - SUBSYSTEMS
Several key support systems are utilized for the operation of each gas turbine
unit. The support systems are installed within the major compartments listed above or
installed as separate skid assemblies.
Inlet Air System
Starting System
Accessory Gear
Lube, Hydraulic, and Trip Oil System
Cooling and Sealing Air System
Atomizing Air System
Cooling Water System
Fuel Forwarding System
Water Injection System
Gas Turbine Control and Protection System.
Off-base auxiliary skids are also provided to support the operation of the gas turbine
unit. These consist of the following subsystems
CO2 Fire Protection rack
Turbine Compressor water wash skid.
Inlet Air System.
The function of the inlet air system is to deliver air with minimal turbulence and
pressure variation to the gas turbine compressor. Gas turbines are sensitive to inlet air
quality because of the inherent design and the enormous amount of air consumed.
Filtration is necessary to provide protection against the effects of contaminated air that
may degrade gas turbine performance and life through erosion, corrosion, fouling, and
plugging of the cooling passages.
The performance and reliability of the gas turbine is a largely dependant on the
quality and cleanliness of the ambient air entering the engine. For most efficient
operation, it is necessary to treat and condition the incoming air by filtering out
contaminants, controlling air temperature, and reducing turbulence and noise. The inlet
air system functions to condition and modify the quality of air under various
temperature, humidity, and contamination situations to make it more suitable for use by
the gas turbine.
The inlet air system consists of the following:
Inlet Filters
Inlet Air Ducting & Silencers.
Inlet Filters
The inlet filters are provided upstream of the gas turbine compressor to remove
particulate matter and impurities from the ambient air. The inlet filters are located
outdoors at an elevated position above the gas turbine enclosure. The elevated location
of the inlet filter provides a compact system and minimizes pickup of dust
concentrations found near the ground.
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The air filter is a single-stage filter, which has provisions for a self-cleaning,
pulse air system. The self-cleaning feature however is not used at this time. The air filter
consists of multiple rows of filter elements on each level. Each filter element nominally
has a air flow resistance of about 2-3 w.g.
Gas turbine performance is greatly effected by turbine inlet suction pressure. As the air
inlet filters become fouled, the pressure drop increases reducing the compressor inlet air
pressure and reducing turbine power production. Turbine air filter pressure drop
(differential pressure) should be regularly monitored and filters changed accordingly.
Inlet Air Ducting & Silencers
The clean air plenum of the filter compartment tapers down into a rectangular air
duct supplying the gas turbine compressor inlet. The inlet duct is internally lined with
acoustical material to silence the noise attenuation of the incoming air flow. In addition,
the duct contains silencing baffles which are constructed of a low density insulating
material encapsulated by perforated, stainless steel sheet metal. Downstream of the
baffles, the duct contains a trash screen and a ninety degree elbow which routes the air
downward into the inlet air plenum of the compressor. Turning vanes are installed in the
elbow to help turn the air flow; evenly distributing the air mass throughout the entire
cross section of the duct.
Care must be exercised at all times to keep the gas turbine air inlet clean. Dirt,
trash, forgotten tools or clothing can be ingested by the compressor, resulting in serious
engine damage.
Starting System.
The gas turbine can only be fired and brought on-line with the support of a
dedicated starting system. The starting system consists of an induction motor and a
torque converter with a turning gear, coupled to the gas turbine through an accessory
gear. The torque converter provides the required torque multiplication for the starting
motor to drive the gas turbine. At shutdown, the starting system equipment continues to
rotate the turbine rotor at slow speed for cooldown purposes; preventing rotor warping
from uneven cooling.
Starting Motor
The starting motor (88CR) is a 3300 volt, 3 phase, horizontal induction motor
manufactured by General Electric. The motor is rated at 900 horsepower and is
connected to the input shaft of the torque converter by a flexible disc pack coupling.
The motor contains a self-ventilation system, which circulates ambient air through the
motor for cooling of the stator and rotor windings. Louvered openings in the end shields
provide an entrance for cooling air at both ends of the motor. A startup atomizing air
compressor is also driven by the starting motor output.

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Torque Converter
The torque converter is a two stage, hydrodynamic-type torque converter. The
input shaft turns an impeller, which accelerates the oil in the converter. The energy of
the moving oil is absorbed by a turbine wheel connected to the output shaft of the torque
converter, causing it to rotate. The output shaft of the torque converter is connected to
the turbine rotor shaft via the turbine accessory gear. Oil for the torque converter is
supplied from the gas turbine lube oil system.
Turning Gear
The turning gear is mounted on-the-generator end exciter. It serves to turn the
rotor during the gas turbine cooldown period and also provides the necessary breakaway torque to begin rotation of the rotor during the startup sequence. It is driven by a
7.5 Kw, 220 volt AC motor. During normal unit operation, the Speedtronic
automatically controls the on/off sequencing of the turning gear.
Accessory Gear
The accessory gear contains the gear trains which provide the proper gear
reductions to drive the accessory devices at the required speed, with the correct torque
values. Accessories, which are driven by the accessory gear include:
Main Lube Oil Pump
Main Hydraulic Oil Pump
Main Fuel Oil Pump
Atomizing Air Compressor
The accessory gear consists of four, parallel axis, interconnected shafts arranged
in a casing, which provides for the various driven accessories. The gear casing is made
of cast iron and split at the horizontal joint to facilitate assembly. With the exception of
the lube oil pump and hydraulic supply pump shaft, all the shaft centerlines are located
on the horizontal joint of the accessory drive casing. The lower half casing has a closed
bottom with openings for lube oil pump suction and discharge lines and casing drain
lines.
All of the shafts are connected together by single helical gears that are shrunk to
the shafts after the teeth are cut. All of the shafts located on the horizontal joint are
contained in babbitt- lined, steel-backed journal bearings with integral thrust faces that
are split on the horizontal joint of the casing. The thrust faces of the bearings maintain
the shafts in their proper axial location and the necessary thrust clearance is preset at the
factory. The shafts that are not on the horizontal joint are contained in babbitt-lined,
steel-backed, non-split bushings with integral thrust faces. The accessory gear is
lubricated from the turbine lube oil system.

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Lube, Hydraulic and Trip Oil System

The combustion turbine lube oil system provides a continuous supply of clean
lubricating oil to the combustion turbine./generator components and accessory
equipment. The lubricating oil lubricates the components and removes friction
generated heat.
In addition to lubricating the combustion turbine components, the lubricating oil
system provides high pressure hydraulic oil for operating the starting motor torque
converter, fuel oil bypass valve and the inlet guide vane mechanism. The high pressure
oil is also used as trip oil, which is the primary protection interface between the turbine
control and protection system and the components on the turbine, which admit, or shutoff fuel.
Lube Oil System.
Lubricating oil is pumped from the lube oil reservoir by the main shaft driven oil
pump (part of the accessory drive) with an alternate supply from the auxiliary AC/DC
oil pump to the lubricating oil heat exchanger. In the lube oil heat exchanger, the lube
oil flows through the tubes and cooling water flows around the tubes. A manually
operated transfer valve is provided to select the heat exchanger without interrupting the
oil flow. An emergency DC motor supplies emergency motive force to theauxiliary oil
pump event of a loss of AC power.
From the heat exchanger, the lube oil is directed through the cartridge type filter
providing 5 micron filtration. Outlet from the filters the lube oil flow path flows through
a test orifice to the bearing header pressure regulator.
The flow of lube oil to the combustion turbine bearings is maintained at 27 psig
through pressure regulating valve VPR-2. From the pressure regulating valve, the
bearing header supplies lube oil to the following:
Loaded Thrust Bearing
Unloaded Thrust Bearing
.No. I Journal Bearing
No. 2 Journal Bearing
Load Equipment (Generator Bearings)
Turning Gear
Hydraulic Pump Suctions
Control Oil System
Accessory Gear Lubrication
Lube oil from the loaded thrust bearing, unloaded thrust bearing, and the No. I
turbine bearing is routed through an internal drain line to the lube oil reservoir. Lube oil
from bearing No. 2 and the IGV mechanism drain to the main surge tank while oil from
bearing No. 3 and the load equipment/turning gear drain to an auxiliary surge tank. The
auxiliary surge tanks drains to the surge tank, which in turn drains through an outside
line back to the reservoir.
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Air that passes into the bearing cavities and then into the surge tanks is removed
from the reservoir by the electrostatic precipitator. Vents from the surge tank, auxiliary
surge tank, and generator bearings are vented directly to the precipitator. Vents from the
No. 2 journal bearing are vented through a local separator and then join the common
line to the mist eliminator. The mist eliminator removes entrained oil from the air and
returns the oil to the reservoir while venting the air to atmosphere.
During normal combustion turbine operation, the main shaft driven pump
supplies the required oil pressure and flow for all lubricating oil system demands. Pump
discharge is monitored by a local pressure indicator and sight flow indicator.
Two temperature switches 26QA and 26QT are located in the filter outlet to
monitor oil temperature to the turbine bearing header. Temperature switches are set to
alarm HIGH TEMPERATURE at 170F and trip the turbine in the event temperature
reaches 180F.
From the lube oil filters the oil passes through a pressure regulating valve VPR-2
that regulates pressure to the turbine bearing header at 25 psig. A local pressure
indicator is provided for monitoring of the turbine bearing header pressure. Also
included in the bearing header is pressure switch 63QL used to initiate a Bearing
Header Pressure Low alarm at 6 psig and start the auxiliary lube oil pump. The
auxiliary lube oil pump will continue to operate until stopped manually. The pump can
be stopped and the alarm reset when header pressure increases to 18 psig. Lube oil
header temperature is monitored by thermocouples TC-LTTH
The table below illustrates the oil supplies and flows to the specified
components:
Component
Hydraulic System
Accessory Gear
Loaded Thrust Bearing
Unloaded Thrust Bearing
Generator Bearings
Turning Gear
Normal Lube Oil Flow

15.2 GPM max
349 GPM
39 GPM
4 GPM
20 GPM
75 GPM
27 GPM
32 GPM
4 GPM
The bearing supply header is also equipped with a pressure switch (63QT) that
will trip the combustion turbine and start the auxiliary lube oil pump if the pressure
drops below 7 psig. The pressure switch also serves as the permissive switch for starting
the turning gear. In order for the turning gear to be started the pressure in the bearing
header must be above 11 psig.
The complete lubrication system is vented to atmosphere through a vent line
located on the lube oil reservoir.

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Major system components include:

Lube Oil Reservoir - The lube oil reservoir is a 2,000 gallon tank that is fabricated as
an integral part of the accessory base. The volume of oil, in conjunction with internal
channeling baffles, provides a residence time of about 5 minutes for oil deaeration . Fill
and drain connections are provided on the reservoir as well as remote reading
temperature, pressure, and level detectors. Five immersion heaters 23QT-1 through
23QT-5 maintain the lube oil temperature above 70F when the turbine is not operating.
Each heater is rated at 5 kW and 440 volts. The auxiliary lube oil pump automatically
starts when the heaters are on to circulate the lubricating fluid. A thermostat energizes
and de-energizes the heaters to maintain reservoir temperature between 70 - 80F.
Gear Driven Lube Oil Pump - The main lube oil pump supplies the required lube oil
pressure and flow during normal turbine operation. It is a 100% capacity, positive
displacement, gear type pump rated at 360 gpm and 65 psig at 1,263 rpm. The pump is
shaft driven directly by the lower drive gear of the accessory gear.
AC/DC Motor Driven Lube Oil Pump - Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump 88QA-1 is a 100%
capacity, submerged, vertically mounted, single stage, centrifugal type pump. It has a
rated discharge of 250 gpm and 25 psig. The pump has a suction strainer attached to the
inlet bell. The auxiliary lube oil pump provides lubricant pressure during startup and
shutdown of the combustion turbine or whenever main oil pump discharge pressure is
insufficient for safe operation. The pump is mounted on the lube oil reservoir and is
driven by a tandem (AC/DC) mounted motor. Once the turbine is started and operating
normally, the auxiliary lube oil pump will automatically start if the bearing header
pressure drops below 12 psig.
Pressure Regulating Valve - Two regulating valves are used to control lubrication
system pressure. Pressure regulating valve, VR-1, limits the positive displacement main
pump discharge header pressure and relieves excess fluid to the lube oil reservoir. VR-1
is set at 65 1 psig. The lube oil pressure in the bearing header is maintained at 25 psig
by diaphragm operated regulating valve, VPR-2.
Lube Oil Cooler - The lubricating oil heat exchanger is a 100%, shell and tube, double
pass type heat exchanger installed horizontally through the side of the lube oil tank. The
heat exchanger transfers heat from the lubricating oil system to the cooling water
system. Lube oil flows through the heat exchanger shell and cooling water flows
through the tubes. The flow rate of cooling water through the heat exchangers to
maintain the lube oil outlet temperature at 130F 3F.
Lube Oil Filters Filtration of all lube oil is accomplished by a 5 micron, pleated
paper filter installed in the lube oil system just after the lube oil heat exchanger.
Surge Tank - The bearing return oil system is equipped with one surge tank. The tank
receives oil from the No. 2 bearing and IGV mechanism, as well as from the auxiliary
surge tank. The tank act as a bearing drain enlargement, providing a location for the
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separation of any entrained air from the oil prior to the return to the main lube oil
reservoir. The tank is baffled, 500 gallon steel tank.
Auxiliary Surge Tank - The bearing return oil system is equipped with one auxiliary
surge tank. The tank receives oil from the No. 3 bearing, as well as from the load
equipment and turning gear. The tank act as a bearing drain enlargement, providing a
location for the separation of any entrained air from the oil prior to the return to the
main lube oil reservoir. The tank is baffled, 250 gallon steel tank.
Electrostatic Precipitator - The vent lines from the two surge tanks combine with the
vents from the generator and bearing No. 2 to vent air entrained with oil to the
electrostatic precipitator. The precipitator using an electric charge separates the oil from
the air prior to venting the air to atmosphere. The oil is drain through a connection in the
precipitator back to the main lube oil reservoir. The air passed through the precipitator
is then allowed to vent to atmosphere.
Hydraulic Oil
Oil is supplied to the suction of the main hydraulic supply pump and the
auxiliary hydraulic supply pump from the combustion turbine lube oil header. The main
hydraulic supply pump increases the oh pressure to a usable hydraulic oil pressure of
approximately 1500 psig. From the discharge of the main hydraulic supply pump, the
oil is delivered to the hydraulic supply manifold.
The hydraulic supply manifold contains an air bleed valve to vent any air present
in the pump discharge line. A pressure relief valve limits the pump discharge pressure to
1650 psig in the event of a failure of the pressure compensating valve in the pump. The
oil flows through a check valve in the manifold, and ties in with the discharge from the
auxiliary hydraulic oil pump, which is similarly equipped with an air bleed valve, relief
valve, and check valve in the manifold.
From the hydraulic supply manifold, the high pressure oil flows to one of two hydraulic
oil supply filters. These filters are equipped with a manually operated transfer valve,
which permits changeover from the in service to the out of service filter for replacement
of the filter element without interrupting operation of the system. The filtered, high
pressure oil is supplied to control oil system.
Major system components include:
Gear Driven Hydraulic Oil Pump - A variable displacement type pump, driven by a
shaft of the accessory gear, is the primary pump of this high pressure oil; with a motor
driven gear type pump as the auxiliary backup. Hydraulic oil pressurized by the main
hydraulic pump, is controlled at 1,500 psig at rated flow of 0 16.5 gpm.
AC Motor Driven Hydraulic Pump - The auxiliary hydraulic pump starts and
continues to run and supply hydraulic oil until the minimum governing speed has been
reached. When the main lube oil pump is operating and hydraulic pump discharge
pressure decreases below 1350, the condition will be sensed by a Pressure Switch
63HQ-1 on the discharge header and the auxiliary pump will be started. This switch will
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Review: A
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also initiate an annunciator alarm at the Control system to indicate low hydraulic supply
pressure.
Hydraulic Filters (2) - Filters in the hydraulic supply system prevent contaminants and
other wear particles of the pump from entering the devices of the inlet guide vane
system and the fuel control servo-valves. Each filter is a 0.5 micron, pleated paper filter.
Only one filter is in service at any time during system operation. A manual transfer
valve permits changeover to the second filter without interrupting the operation of the
system.
Trip Oil
The combustion turbine trip oil is supplied from the combustion turbine lube oil
and hydraulic headers. Lube oil passes through an orifice to the control oil system. The
orifice is sized to limit the flow of lube oil into the system such that an adequate volume
is available without causing a starvation of the lube oil system when the system is
activated. The lube oil is supplied to the control oil servo valve. Hydraulic oil is
supplied to the control oil servo valve, inlet gas valve actuators, and the inlet guide vane
controller.
Cooling and Sealing Air System
The cooling and sealing air system utilizes air from the gas turbine compressor
for cooling and sealing bearing housings, cooling turbine internal components, and to
provide a clean air supply for various pneumatically operated devices.
Bearing sealing air is extracted from the 5th stage of the compressor. Internal
cooling air is extracted from the compressor discharge; including the internal flow of
cooling air through the center of the turbine rotor.
Sealing air extracted from the compressor is piped externally to each of the three
bearing housings. Orifices are installed in the air supply lines to the bearing housings to
limit the airflow and pressure to the proper value. The air is used to cool the bearing and
help contain the lubricating oil within the bearing area that otherwise might seep past
the bearing labyrinth seals. The air is directed at both ends of the bearing seals,
providing a pressure barrier to the lubricating fluid.
The pressure, speed, and flow characteristics of the gas turbine compressor are
such that air must be extracted from eleventh stage and vented to exhaust plenum to
prevent pulsation of the compressor when operating at less than synchronous speed; and
during acceleration period of turbine starting sequence and during deceleration of
turbine at shutdown. Pneumatically operated eleventh stage air extraction valves,
controlled by a three-way solenoid, are used to accomplish the pulsation protection
function.
Compressor discharge air, controlled by solenoid valve 20CB, is used to close
the compressor bleed valve when the turbine reaches full speed to allow normal
operation of the turbine. Air from compressor discharge passes through a porous air
filter where dirt and water are removed before entering solenoid valve 20CB. From the
solenoid valve, the air is piped to piston housings of the two extraction valves.
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Review: A
Date 07-09-2005
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Atomizing Air System

Atomizing air is required to provide the motive force to atomize the incoming
fuel oil into small droplets to facilitate combustion.
During operation, atomizing air is drawn from the compressor discharge, passed
through a pre-cooler and delivered to accessory gear driven atomizing air compressor.
The air compressor has a differential pressure switch across it 63AD, that sends a signal
to the speedtronic to indicate that sufficient pressure is available for distillate and heavy
fuel oil operation. During startup, starting atomizing air compressor, driven by the
starting motor, provides sufficient atomizing air to start the combustion turbine.
The atomizing air is then delivered through a snubber to the atomizing air
manifold where the air is directed to ten fuel nozzles.
Cooling Water.
Facility B gas turbine each have a closed loop cooling water system installed.
This cooling water system provides a continuous source of cooling water to heat
exchangers of various gas turbine components. Heat absorbed from the equipment is
rejected to the cooling water system by means of individual heat exchangers. The
combined return header rejects its heat to the atmosphere using fin-fan coolers.
The cooling water skid supplies cooling water to the lubricating oil heat
exchanger, the atomizing air pre-cooler, and the turbine support legs. The heat is
transferred from the equipment heat exchangers to the cooling water. The heat is the
removed from the cooling water heat exchanger.
The cooling water system consists of the following components:
Expansion Tank supplies make-up water to the cooling water system, provides
net positive suction head to the cooling water pumps and allows for system
thermal expansion. The expansion tank is a horizontally mounted vessel
fabricated of carbon steel. The tank is equipped a man hole cover installed for
inspection and maintenance purposes. The tank also contains a low level switch
71WL, a drain connection to drain the tank for maintenance and inspection, and
a pressure cap, capable of maintaining system pressure at less than 13 PSIG.
Cooling Water Pumps there are two skid mounted cooling water pumps. Each
is a single stage, centrifugal pump, located in the module near engine (side).
Each pump is driven by a 480 Vac motor. The cooling water pump is equipped
with a manually operated suction and discharge valve , and a discharge check
valve. The suction and discharge valves are used to isolate the pumps for
maintenance. The discharge check valve prevents reverse flow through the pump
when the pumps is not in operation.
Cooling Air Fans there are two cooling air fans provided for the fin-fan
coolers. The fans are axial type fans. Each fan is rated at 50% capacity of total
heat dissipation. The fans blow air from the atmosphere and discharge over the
outer casing of cooling water exchanger. The fans are belt driven by a motor

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Review: A
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rated at 460Vac, 3 phase 60Hz. The motor rotates at 1750 RPM and drives the
fan through a belt and pulley arrangement.
Distillate Fuel System
The distillate fuel system consists of a fuel forwarding system, a fuel selection
unit, and the fuel delivery system to the gas turbine .
Three 20 HP 460 Vac motor (88FD1,88FD2 & 88FD3) , a fuel forwarding
pumps take a suction from distillate fuel service tank through a duplex strainer
arrangement. The fuel forwarding pumps then discharge to the fuel selection skid for
each unit.
From the forwarding skid, distillate fuel oil passes through a strainer and
pressure control valve. A recirculation line can recirculate the full volume of the
operating forwarding pump back to service tank. The recirculation control valve
(88FH-31) and distillate isolation valve (20FD-31) operate to stop distillate fuel flow to
the gas turbine when operating on heavy fuel oil.
After isolation valve, distillate fuel oil passes through a flow meter (FM4-31)
and then on to fuel oil transfer valve 88FT-31. this motor operated three way valve,
position to either distillate fuel oil or heavy fuel oil to the gas turbine.
After the transfer valve, fuel flow through a motor operated strainer and 40
microns filter. During residual fuel operation, a vanadium inhibitor is injected to the oil
using two variable speed pumps.
The fuel oil (residual or distillate) then proceeds to the gas turbine liquid fuel
system. The system consists of the following equipment:
Y- strainer this a 40 mesh strainer installed to protect the fuel pump.

Fuel Oel stop valve VS-1(L 20FL1X Logic label) shuts off the supply of fuel
oil the gas turbine during normal and emergency shutdowns. It is a hydraulically
operated, two position with a venture disc seat. When ordered closed, the valve
is designed to close in 0,5 seconds. The valve is operated by oil from the turbine
hydraulic oil system.
Liquid Fuel Pump (PF-1) this a positive displacement continuous output
screw type pump. It is driven through an electric clutch(L20CF) directly from
the accessory gear.
Fuel Pump Discharge Relief Valve VR4-1 This valve prevents the fuel oil
pressures from exceeding that which would damage the piping. It has a set
pressure of 1200 1300 PSI and relieves to the fuel inlet piping.
Fuel By Pass Valve assembly VC3-1 This servo-control valve is connected
between the inlet and discharge sides of the fuel oil pump and controls the fuel
oil flow to the gas turbine by bypassing excess flow back to the pump inlet.
Flow Divider FD1-1 A continuous flow free-wheeling flow divider consists of
ten gear pump elements in a circular arrangement having a common inlet with a
single timing gear. As fuel enters the divider, each pair of gears distributes onetenth of the fuel flow into each of the fuel lines going to the fuel nozzles.
Magnetic flow pickups provide flow feedback to the speedtronic.

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Review: A
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Fuel Line Cheks Valves VCK1 (1 10) A check valve in each line between
the flow divider and the fuel nozzles provide positive shutoff of fuel when a stop
signal is given. The check valves open at 110 130 PSI, sufficient to prevent the
fuel from the fuel forwarding system, if the stop valve does not fully close.
10 Fuel Nozzles Assemblies Ten fuel nozzles provide fuel,atomizing air and
injection water to the combustion chambers.
False Start Drain Valves VA17 -1,2,3 These valves drain any accumulation
of combustible fuel from the combustor in the event of an unsuccessful start.
During start is normally open, is closed at 5 PSI the CPD.
Water Injection System.
Water injection is provided to control NOx emissions from the gas turbine
created by the combustion of fossil fuel. Threre three 55KW electrical motor,220Vac
driven pumps draw a suction on the water supply tank. The pumps discharge to a 5
micron filter unit and then passes through a flow meter and pressure control valve.
Flow to the water supply manifold is controlled by flow control valve receiving a signal
from speedtronic.
There are two separate flow meters,flow control and pressure control valves, one
set for each gas turbine. Both supply headers are supplied by the three pumps.

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Review: A
Date 07-09-2005
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Gas Turbine Functional Description

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Gas Turbine Functional Description

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El Paso Amazonas Energia Ltda.

Prepared By: Adair Filho