Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hibrarg
Suttfe
27.1933
Arts
Member
Libraries
http://www.archive.org/details/writingsofgeorge008wash
GEORGE WASHINGTON
BICENTENNIAL EDITION
THE WRITINGS OF
GEORGE WASHINGTON
d -H
From
Gorham
THE WRITINGS OF
George
Washington
from the
Volume
May
1,
United States
1133
,--
--.
-D"u
r.
. -a
I
.
-3 "2
PRINTED
JANUARY,
1933
V>2
United States
Chairman
Vice President of the United States
Speaker of the House of Representatives
SlMEON D. Fess,
Vice Chairman
House
of Representatives
Willis C.
Ohio
Hawley
Oregon
Arthur Capper
John Q. Tilson
Kansas
Connecticut
Carter Glass
Joseph
Virginia
W. Byrns
Tennessee
Millard E. Tydings
R.Walton Moore
Maryland
Virginia
Presidential Commissioners
C. Bascom Slemp
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Wallace McCamant
Colorado
Oregon
Henry Ford
Michigan
Massachusetts
George Eastman*
New York
Joseph Scott
California
Executive Committee
Historian
Executive Secretary
Deceased.
Hart
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
ON THE WRITINGS
Dr.
J.
President
J.
A. C. Chandler
Department of
State
States
Victor H. Paltsits
Chief of Manuscript Department
New York Public Library
Deceased.
v]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1777
Page
To Brigadier
To Major
and
raiders
New Hampshire
Magazine
May
May 2
arms
of
troops.
To Brigadier General
Men
for
foundry
Locations.
Nathaniel Heard,
May 2
of stores to Springfield
Officers'
Need
Defense of Ticonderoga
Baggage
accounts Removal
Desertions and pay difficulties Bounties.
Ticonderoga
officers for
To Captain Caleb
Pompton.
at
British intentions.
Gibbs,
of troops.
May 3
10
To Major
Army
May 3
....
Peculation among
Maryland recruiting
To Brigadier
11
Schuyler's resignation.
12
officers.
May 3
13
Detention of artillerymen.
Vice
14
of gambling.
15
Arms
to be sent to Springfield.
15
flour.
General Orders,
May 3
16
The
Carleton on
losses at
16
Bounty
the lake
Danbury.
[vii]
offered by Brit-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
vin
Page
To Robert Morris, Richard Henry Lee, William Whipple, and Philip Livingston, May 5
Money
18
18
Clinton,
May
of British ship
movements.
May 5
General Orders, May 6
To Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, May 6
General Orders,
19
20
21
To Lord
May
Stirling,
21
May 7
22
24
General Orders,
Need
Wayne.
of General
of
him
...
Arnold
Forwarding
Loss at Danbury
General Orders,
May 8
28
of officers.
To Major General
Benedict Arnold,
Command
May 8
....
....
Conway
His
30
30
Mottin de la Balme
French gentlemen.
Difficulties
for the
31
29
at Peekskill.
27
troops to Peekskill.
His rank
25
ordered to
Appointment
24
at headquarters.
32
Commander
general distribution.
D'Anmours
10
33
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IX
Page
To
money
Need
passes
34
of
to the eastward.
36
10
Military stores
zine guard
Lethargy
to Springfield
....
10
artillery
Col.
of recruiting officers
37
MagaThe French
Rufus Putnam.
Baggage
of
10
39
French gentlemen.
36
officers.
10
40
Practice maneuvers.
May 10
General Orders, May 11
To Governor Jonathan Trumbull, May
41
General Orders,
on Danbury
British raid
Coasts
Actions
civilians
Knox
42
....
44
...
45
11
of Quakers.
...
11
harrassedInability to
Congress' failure to inform
will be
Exchange of
41
to advise
11
12
45
To the Board
of
Exchange of
War, May
officers
47
His rank.
Calling
48
12
out of Delaware and Pennsylvania
Militia.
12
...
49
12
51
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
To Major General Adam Stephen, May
Page
...
12
53
To Colonel
To Joseph
May
Stephen Moylan,
Trumbull,
Mismanagement
12
of his dragoons
May
12
commissary department
in the
53
54
of correct-
ing abuses.
To James
May
Mease,
Orders
all
12
55
some other
color.
56
13
13
...
57
58
58
.
60
61
14
officers.
of tents
British
command
61
movements.
at Princeton
General
62
15
instructions.
...
come
tents
Capture
Requests him
64
ro
to headquarters.
15
General
tents
65
Gates's requirements.
officers
Obtaining
66
15
Putnam ordered
To Marquis
16
6j
PayGeneral
to Peekskill.
de Malmedy,
May
68
16
and a
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xi
Page
To Colonel
May
Richard Humpton,
16
70
Claims
16
Morris,
May
16
71
At-
...
73
May 16
To Doctor Benjamin Rush, May
General Orders,
73
16
To Richard Henry
May
Lee,
74
field.
17
74
Applications of foreigners
How are they to be treated ? Bad policy
Too high expectations
of disgusting natives by preferring foreigners
raised
Artillery officers and engineers an exception.
General Orders,
May
17
77
ing
77
or system
Indiscriminate
Suggestions law
drafts
either plan
17
State
Disadvantages
of substitutes
for taking
up
Pay system.
of
deserters.
17
17
...
...
79
80
Long
to Peekskill
Connecticut
81
Island inexpedient.
To Colonel George
Baylor,
May
To Colonel John
Proposed
recruiting
Patton,
May
83
17
Recruits to be forwarded.
17
84
18
...
85
recruiting.
To Major
General
19
The
Charges of partiality
tent supply.
19
...
...
86
87
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xii
Page
To Major
Regiments
Chretien de Colerus,
Employment in
the service
May
Knowledge
to
compose
19
88
his brigade.
19
of English language
89
Rank
of foreigners.
90
19
Monsieur Armand.
19
91
To
...
May 19
General Orders, May 20
To Brigadier General Alexander McDougall, May 20
General Orders,
92
92
94
British
Forwarding
96
troops.
97
98
His brigade.
98
army
99
in Jersey.
May 21
General Orders, May 22
To President James Warren, May 23
General Orders,
Exertions of Massachusetts
99
99
101
British
of a
force
of a
main
re-
in Massachusetts.
To Governor
Jonathan Trumbull,
May
23
...
Army of observation at
Deficient Connecticut regiments
Need of stores Reported death of Tryon.
Plains
White
103
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To Major General Philip
Page
....
May 23
Schuyler,
xih
105
Scarcity of blankets.
To Major
Division arrangements
To Brigadier
Fortifications
May
Vegetable
To Colonel George
His recruiting
Baylor,
difficulties
Broken
May 23
May
107
paroles.
diet
Chaplain
106
of troops.
Training of troops
108
23
for his
regiment
...
May 23
To Major
...
23
Training
109
His request
Guards
ClothpayDeserters Counterfeiting Lack
Exchanged
and Henley's regiments.
Massachusetts troops
ing
for artillery
of militia
of
prisoners'
Lee's, Jackson's,
for
113
114
Pickering's acceptance
Cables boom
arrived
the Light Horse
Command
New YorkHarrison's
Hudson
the
of
114
Col.
across
for
passes
British ships
at
artillery.
...
117
118
118
....
119
To Major
General
his
120
regiment to camp.
Israel
Putnam,
May 25
To Major
Causes of desertion
Regiment.
Court
of inquiry
...
Outline
kill
121
May 25
123
on Eighth Pennsylvania
of attempt.
Delay
in
marching
to Peeks-
Island.
124
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
XIV
Page
To Governor
Jonathan Trumbull,
Intentions of the
Reasons
enemy
To Major General
British
To Brigadier
at
New
125
Putnam,
Israel
embarkation
May 26
May 26
126
York.
May
ReturnsDesertionsGeneral
26
127
instruc
tions.
May 26
General Orders, May 27
To Major General Nathanael Greene, May
I29
General Orders,
Preparation
130
27
130
of British trans
ports.
131
Correspondence with General Howe Exchange disputes -Ambiguous terms Lieutenant Colonel Campbell's treatment.
T 34
Colonel Henley.
134
To Lieutenant
His post
at
Morristown
Fortification
May 28
135
of
him
at
i35
camp.
close
Raising
137
generals.
136
watch of enemy.
138
troops of horse.
r 39
To Brigadier
Appoints him to
General Orders,
General Orders,
command
May 29
May 30
May 29
...
141
141
142
TABLE OF CONTENTS
To Major General
Israel
Putnam,
British
May 30
New
Mifflin,
Major
movements
York.
May
31
xv
144
145
Lutterloh.
Page
....
....
Connecticut
146
146
Virginia regiments.
The
demands
Knox.
his
justice of displacing
148
labors of General
Knox
In-
15
General Orders,
May 31
i5 2
*55
156
Army
Knox
Island detachment
Provisions
Du
Coudray
at Fort
Howe's proclama-
161
Montgomery.
Heath, June
Removal
159
Du Coudray and
foreign applicants
Completing the regiments.
162
of stores.
June
163
Detachment for Somerset Court House Militia to be in readiUniform of British Light Horse Baggage at PrincetonUse
ness
of militia.
164
to be sent on.
Barber, June i
intelligence to headquarters.
164
...
165
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xvi
Page
to a spy
of stores
To Charles, Earl
166
To John Langdon,
Removal
June
June
166
from Portsmouth
Waste
of
arms by
militia.
Cornwallis, June 2
167
Brutality of British.
the
North
To Jonathan Bryan,
168
June 2
169
To
Lieutenant Colonel Henry Bicker or Officer Commanding the Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment,
June 2
169
his regiment.
170
172
Offer of amnesty to persons who had been misled into joining the
enemy Discrimination to be used Offer to be communicated secretly
rather than by an act of public authority.
175
178
Major Lutterloh.
To Commanding
Officer of the
Fourteenth Virginia
Regiment, June 4
178
To Major
General
Thomas
Mifflin,
June 4
179
June 4
to be received into
179
Hazen's regiment.
His knowledge
180
of quarter-
181
182
Sir
William Howe's
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xvil
Page
183
185
187
of dating
Questiondisplaced
command.
....
them
appointment Colonel
Mr.
Charge against Captain Doyle.
Pintard's
191
Forrnan's
To Apollos
191
activities
and
character.
Morris, June 6
*93
officers
who came
x 93
in the Amphitrite.
194
Capture of supplies.
194
move
Need
Conduct highly
men
195
of signals.
196
offensive.
.....
197
199
202
202
Readiness of militia.
203
his
Removal
Intelligence
of stores
from Philadelphia.
204
....
Unfairness of overdraft
of Clothing by Massachusetts troops
by officers Pay Tents Lack of troops at Peekskill.
Want
205
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xviii
Page
To James Mease,
Want
To Colonel
Need
207
June 8
of clothing
by Massachusetts
troops.
208
of light horse.
209
210
215
10
possible in exchange of prisonersCharge of exciting popular delusion Treatment of prisoners Variance between
accounts Supplies of provisions British prisoners in American
hands Agents for prisoners Mortality in the armyReturn of pris-
No compromise
bell's case.
To Major General
Putnam, June 10
Israel
of spears
Embarkation
To Charles Young,
Clothing
10
222
....
British sailing
223
June 10
New
from
Sullivan, June 11
....
224
York.
Armand-Tumn, June
224
11
His
222
York.
issues.
New
at
...
command
of Ottendorf's corps.
225
227
231
To Major
British intentions
To Lewis
232
233
Morris, June 12
General
Howe's
To Major
...
intentions
Israel
Captain Maxwell.
Putnam, June 12
Troops
from Highlands
...
to join the
234
army
Secrecy.
of stores at Morristown.
12
236
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xix
Page
To
236
Impersonation of Indians.
To Ezekiel
.......
Cheever, June 13
To James Mease,
last
June 13
237
Cloth-
238
13
To the President
237
campaign.
....
239
exchangeGovernor Tryon's
General
Reenforcements
Horses cavalry
an American
the regiments Execution
prisoners
ment
home.
remaining
British barbarity
of
ter
let-
officers
of
Filling
of
at
Officers
British
245
246
14
To Joseph
Reed, June 14
Thanks
cept
command
To Major
Lee's
Hopes Reed
letter
247
will ac-
of the horse.
...
Opinion of general
officers as to Sullivan's
248
movements.
249
250
To Major
...
Need
Intelligence
in
251
16
252
of enemy.
of keeping informed.
from Canada
Schuyler, June 16
Howe begins
his
march
...
Massing the
253
New Jersey.
255
256
To Major General
Israel
Putnam, June 17
...
Magnifying
257
his
258
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
XX
Page
259
To Colonel Elisha
262
Sheldon, June 17
Sullivan,
enemy Sullivan
enemy Signals.
...
June 17
262
To Colonel George
To
264
Baylor, June 19
Natives
forward recruits
To Chevalier D'Anmours,
Policy of France
preferable
June 19
Danbury
Affair at
264
Regimental promotions.
265
British
movements.
267
268
To
ments
Regimental and
269
British move-
promotion.
line
letter
272
Burgoyne
movements
at Peekskill
British
To Major General
and Ticonderoga
...
An
273
intercepted
Israel
Putnam, June 20
...
276
To James
Mease, June 20
278
279
279
......
280
Commissary department.
280
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xxi
Page
281
British retired to
Amboy
Attack on
their rear.
To Major
General
Probable British
Brunswick
Removal
...
Putnam, June 22
Israel
Enemy
move up
of stores
from
283
abandoned
Fishkill.
285
286
288
....
Brunswick
To Governor
field pieces
Exchange
288
British evacuation of
of prisoners
...
290
British evacu-
ation of Brunswick.
291
of troops.
292
BlanketsShoes.
293
wick.
To Joseph
Reed, June 23
293
....
296
296
297
British
Army
loss
in
Advance
Glover's brigade
at Peekskill
Continental
...
25
Troops
297
of
at
White Plains
British
300
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xxii
Page
To Baron D'Arendt,
His request to go
the
King of
June 25
to Philadelphia
His suggestion
301
of a treaty with
Prussia.
302
303
....
Pay
To Lieutenant
Appointment
to
regiment
June 27
305
Instructions.
of British
Skirmish with
307
Stirling's division.
308
June 29-30
to be kept together
....
To John Langdon,
June 29
...
June 29
of
310
movements.
British
importation
308
British designs.
306
304
of militia at Provi-
ClothingSkirmish
arms
311
312
with
British.
June 29
313
the armies.
315
Congress' change of resolutions regarding the Northern department Movements of British and American armies.
To the Board
of
317
War, June 30
came
318
the Amphitrite
Uniformity needed hi
method of application for supplies from independent departments
Tents requested by Gates Artillery requested by Schuyler.
Artillery
that
in
To Major General
Israel
Putnam, June 30
to
White
...
Plains
Delay
in
321
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xxm
Page
Artillery in the
.....
Probable British
move up
the
HudsonMilitia
324
To Brigadier
324
Amboy.
British evacuation of
To Brigadier
323
325
of troops
Expected
.........
3 27
.....
July 2
326
Movement
328
from the Northern army Uncertainty of the real intenAlternatives and the consequences of each Contions of the British
fusion in the issuing commissaries' department Needs of the military
Lookouts on Delaware Bay.
chest
Intelligence
To Major
Movement
tion of
Howe and
with
331
Burgoyne.
TiconderogaCoopera-
of prisoners
ReasonsThe
Demand
British out of
for
New
....
333
Jersey
Possible operations
336
337
to reopen
To Major
....
338
British intentions.
340
New
ish intentions
July 4
St.
Augustine.
Uncertainty
341
of Brit-
....
342
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xxiv
Page
343
349
July 5
351
July 5
352
July 5
Movement
stall's
352
Exchanges.
To Governor John
Attack upon
St.
Rutledge, July 5
Augustine
Maneuvers
of the
two armies
Uncer-
354
tainties.
To Major
Putnam's readiness
356
to
move.
Defense of Ticonderoga
Ammunition
357
supplies.
358
359
360
New Hamp-
and Rhode
Island, July 7
363
364
British
embarkation prep-
Sullivan's route.
To Ezekiel Cheever,
Arms
3^5
July 7
for Connecticut.
To the President
British
To the Board
of
366
of Congress, July 7
embarkation preparations
War,
Money.
3&7
July 7
Commissary of Military
Stores
Spears.
embarkation preparations
Lack
of
arms
in the
South
367
Loan
of arms to Connecticut.
3 69
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xxv
Page
Ticonderoga
Sullivan, July 8
Orders
to
371
march.
Junior,
372
373
July 9
373
374
375
Evacuation
376
Ticonderoga Requests
The army to move toward the Hudson.
10
of
...
Schuyler, July 10
Troops moving
379
379
Supplies
Loss of Ticonderoga
ments for the North.
378
north.
for Schuyler
...
12
Reenforce-
....
12
380
Artillery
De-
12
382
384
Loss of Ticonderoga Schuyler's call for supplies Artillery Reenforcements Rousing the militia Howe's intentions Procter's
artillery
Burgoyne's proclamation.
July 12
officers
Lack
of clothing
387
Direc-
Junction
July 12
of British
389
To Brigadier General
391
13
391
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xxvi
Powder
lands
Protection
army
St. Clair's
Blockade
of St.
393
of roads to the
13
To Tronson Du
High-
of stores.
392
whereabouts.
St. Clair's
Page
...
Schuyler, July 13
394
Disappearance
..:...
Coudray, July 13
396
To Ezekiel
Cheever, July 13
-.',.
399
stores.
4 00
405
roads
News
406
Schuyler, July 15
14
of St. Clair.
407
Intentions of
Howe
Evacuation
of Fort
George
>
regarded as unnecessary.
Powder and
Howe's move
',
tridges.
To Joseph Trumbull,
Forwarding wine and
July 15
Camp
Powder
410
July 15
kettles.
410
cheese.
Wine,
409
car-
15
411
and map.
412
413
16
414
ment
of
16
Procter's artillery
Commissary Department.
Arrange-
Militia
414
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xxvn
Page
16
415
416
July 16
of supplying arms.
16
.......
417
of colonels
Defense
of
418
17
Highland
passes.
...
Spencer, July 17
418
Capture of Prescott
419
17
To Governor
17
his officers.
Exchange
...
...
420
421
Directions
422
424
Direction taken by
July 18
426
British Fleet.
July 18
.426
To the
him
to join the
army
July 18
428
at once.
To Colonel Mordecai
Gist, July 18
429
430
Recruiting in Maryland.
To Colonel Thomas
Elliott, July 18
431
To James
Lack
Mease, July 18
of shoes
and
shirts.
43 2
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xxviii
Page
Arnold
433
sent north.
18
18
Arnold
434
sent north.
To Colonel
435
437
Orders.
Chaplains
Heath, July 19
Discrepancies
in returns
...
438
from Ticonderoga
British intentions.
439
Completing the Continental regiments Methods of recruiting suggested Feeding the army Disease and mortality the consequence of
a lack of proper food Soap Clothing Indiscriminate giving of
rank Settlement of accounts Geographer A traveling printing
Use of the French officers Authority to punish camp skulkers
press
as spies.
of British in
Long
July 21
...
446
44^
...
447
....
447
445
Island Sound.
of British Fleet.
check Burgoyne Opportunity in acting against Burgoyne's detachments Schuyler's efforts Supplies Strength of Fort
George Harmony of people and the army needed Howe's puzzling
conduct Value of fortifications.
His
efforts to
To Major
General
Glover's
British ships in
Israel
Israel
Long
Schuyler, July 22
....
450
...
450
sent him.
Putnam, July 22
To Major General
to
go
Putnam, July 22
Island
Sound
Information
to Schuyler.
Intentions of
needed
enemy
Wag-
451
as to British force at
452
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xxix
Page
453
of British Fleet.
453
of detachments.
call
...
July 23
Readiness
against surprise
to
455
march.
To
454
456
...
456
To Major
General
Israel
Putnam, July 24
Troops
to
...
march toward
460
Phila-
delphia.
To Lord
Stirling, July
460
24
vision
Movement
of Stirling's di-
British Fleet.
To Major
General
His division
To Major
to
Adam
march
Stephen, July 24
to Philadelphia
...
Lincoln
462
462
to join Schuyler.
463
July 24
463
To Colonel
464
464
465
To Major
General
Israel
Putnam, July 25
Bread
...
Militia
to
replace
466
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xxx
To Major General
Israel
....
Putnam, July 25
to
An
move
Page
467
inter-
July 25
469
470
Monsieur Davout.
470
for Prescott
the sea
Their destination Militia should be called out Defense
of Philadelphia British move against the Highlands Move of the
army toward New Windsor Situation in the north.
Withdrawal
July 25
of Continental troops
473
from Peekskill
25
474
474
To Colonel
Regiment
to
march
to Philadelphia.
To Christopher Ludwick,
July 25
475
To Governor William
Need
calling out
To William
To Colonel
To
Stirling, July
Route of
...
475
Militia.
Franklin, July 25
Sympathy
To Lord
Livingston, July 25
New Jersey
476
to Congress.
26
Stirling's division
477
Possible attack
on Staten
Island.
halt at
Trenton or
477
Bristol.
478
halt at
Trenton or
479
Bristol.
July 26
......
480
Intelligence received.
To Colonel Theodorick
To
halt at
Trenton or
Bland, July 26
Bristol.
480
TABLE OF CONTENTS
xxxi
Page
To
Adam Stephen,
Major General
Wishes information of
July 26
481
his whereabouts.
481
481
...
Heath, July 27
of British
To Lord
To
....
Schuyler, July 27
the Delaware
Howe's
484
intercepted letter
Stirling, July
27
ments
481
DesertionsMonsieur
taken Destination
The
The Staten
Island enterprise
486
Regi-
to protect inhabitants.
486
To James Lovell,
of
Northern reen-
...
July 28
Need
Exchange
488
Exchange
negotiation.
July 28
...
489
GuidesNew
Jersey
Militia.
To Major
General
To Major
March
Israel
Putnam, July 28
Egg Harbor
General
Marching orders
Thomas
Mifflin, July 28
Orders to Putnam
ing country
Need
...
...
491
for troops.
Reconnoiter-
492
of bread.
Lack
of tents
Returns
494
of Putnam's troops
Invalid corps.
To Lord
him
495
Army.
Stirling, July 29
496
To Major General
...
496
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
xxxii
Page
Contingent
497
orders.
497
To Major
498
...
Position
of the
army
Howe's
499
his
500
march.
500
Can
Holding of troops
army
501
July 30
into detachments.
Arrival of
Need
Ferry
at Coryells
501
of intelligence of enemy's
whereabouts.
502
503
To Major General
British at the
Israel
Putnam, July 31
Delaware capes
Putnam
Conti-
503
Delaware capes
To Major General
Army
motion
in
to
Orders
to
504
march.
504
British.
505
own and Ogden's
regiment.
of
army
To Governor
505
to Philadelphia.
...
506
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Houdon's
statue of
Letter
from the
gress,
May
2,
Secret
Richmond
Frontispiece.
1777
May
29,
1777
xxxiii
TABLE OF SYMBOLS
The following symbols have been used to denote the place of
deposit of Washington letters not found in draft or letter-book
form in the Washington Papers in the Library of Congress:
Indicating that the letter
is
in
Washington's
own handwriting
%
'
CH.H.S.]
C.L.]
C.H.S.]
HV.L.]
HD.C]
Haverford College
Historical Society of Pennsylvania
;h.s.p.j
Huntington Library
H.L.]
J.C.B.]
Maine
M.H.S.]
Historical Society
MD.H.S.]
MS.H.S.]
J.
P.
Morgan Library
M.L.]
[N.H.H.S.]
Rhode
Rhode
[R.I.H.S.]
[R.I.S.C]
N.Y.H.S.]
N.Y.P.L.]
[N.Y.S.L.]
[S.C.]
[U.C.L.]
[U.P.]
[V.H.S.]
[V.S.L.]
XXXV
THE WRITINGS OF
GEORGE WASHINGTON
THE WRITINGS OF
GEORGE WASHINGTON
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Morris Town,
Dear
Sir:
I last
May
i,
1777.
I regret
but
retreat
wish you to obtain the most exact accounts you can of our
loss
Kills,
under
wished, and your return after you found you could not come up
beg you
means
am etc.
in your power,
their plan of
McDougall answered
difficult to
8701
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
operations
is
There
ject.
[May
is
am
it is
authentick,
on the Lakes or
is
if
he
Commissary
to
Country on both
It
movements
call
Army
our
the
if
to that Quarter.
Dear
Sir :
and 22nd.
rivals at
War
of
Genl
Quarters, Morris
diately
should
HEATH
Town, May
2, 1777.
was
Howe
uable acquisition.
It
North
sides the
my intent to have
all
as a place
much
Stores,
is
most
val-
safer
the
Arms,
States,
that
removed
to Springfield,
it
therefore
to send
the remainder yet to Springfield, except he has positive orders to the Contrary
2
by Dr. A.
3
The
S.
W.
would
original text
Rosenbach.
advise you,
TICONDEROGA
17771
immediately to remove
from
the
DANGER
IN
all
of Boston to Springfield,
two recent instances, that the Enemy are determined to destroy our Magazines where ever they are accessible,
and that it is impossible for us to prevent them effectually, ex-
if
march
of
it.
and
and other Military Stores from Portsmouth.
to Congress
press the
would have you forward the 25 Chests of Arms lately arrived from Martinico, to Springfield.
I agree with you that it is absolutely necessary that it should
be fully determined, under whose direction all Military Stores
are to be considered. Till this is done, much confusion and
I
many
ill
consequences
some
in
may
them
ensue.
certain channel.
and
State,
that of
General Carleton to pass the Lake and attack Ticonderoga before our force
is
call
upon
expedition.
refer
to assist
am
them
to complete their
my
you to
your power
and
men
Quotas with
all
certain
in carrying
it
in
into execution.
by General
imagine
*
is
St.
on
Clair
his
way home.
a spy.
s
am etc.
He had
released,
and
Cms. h. s.]
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
[May
To BRIGADIER GENERALS
May 2,
1777.
By
these
which accompany
liable to the
ticular
their delibera-
be
this.
The
it
them
must therefore
letters, after
whom
request, that
DEPOSITS OF STORES
1777]
up
be duly attended
to.
As you are much better acquainted with the places, that will
be proper, not only to deposit the Stores
at,
which are
to be re-
moved, but also the Flour Magazines, than I am, I must request,
you will point them out to the
that
the business,
it,
Officers to be
if
concerned in
Indeed,
wish
make it unnecessary, and that they may not be left to the whim
and capricious choice of the Officers who may be incompetent
to the purpose. They cannot, under the terms of the Resolve,
be deposited nearer the River than Twenty Miles. For my own
part,
if
may
If these are
not done,
much injury
fected.
am
etc.
Sir :
non Ball and Grape Shot for the public use; but from the great
Scarcity of hands he is not able to go on so briskly, as the Service
requires. His Excellency therefore desires, that you would permit him to employ about forty of your Men upon such terms
'The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
as
Men
can,
as Soldiers.
am etc.
take
up
their
at
[May
Pompton, these
Quarters, Morris
Town, May
3,
1777.
sachusetts,
to
The
Brigadiers
who
are
all
possible expedition.
my
Howe were
I
Kills, to
Army;
wait
till
was
left
to
go
first,
instructed, in general
seemed most
who were
or
who
as
likely to
pointed to the
New
Those ordered to
Heath, and who, I presume have marched, were
Baily, Wesson,
8
The text is from the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress. The original
was signed by Tench Tilghman.
At a council of war, held (May 2) at Baskingridge, N. J., the Commander in Chief
laid before the officers the situation and strength of the Army and propounded the
following questions: "Will a general attack upon the Enemy in Brunswick and at
capture
it
1777]
am
What
cannot ascer-
first
of April,
strong,
of last
Month, he expected to March in a day or two with the last division of his
were
to follow
who had
with proper
gone;
60,
fit,
Officers, as
the Provisions removed from Derby &c. and directed, that they
its
protection.
its
to
Account and
effect.
Every aid in
The damage we
loss,
have not been transmitted with any accuracy; but from the
latest
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
to Springfield, or
[May
more convenient
should be
made in the
apprehended. Before
is
is
much to be
would beg
leave to
power is exercised thro' so many Channels, that much conis introduced, and it cannot be avoided; nor will it be
fusion
our
my Opinion.
so
count, to distribute
and repeated
aver, they
cases,
Money on Ac-
orders.
Recruiting Accounts.
most pointed
collect
and adjust
Officers
more frequent desertions of their Troops; Congress may think of some Expedients. A larger bounty might
have some effect, and Money to the Foreigners in lieu of
vised, to cause
DEFENSE OF TICONDEROGA
1777]
in
Quarters, Morris
Town, May
3, 1777.
preparations
you by
to
their direction.
Name
and
of Congress to adopt
Month
for compleating
and
for-
Service,
10
I flatter
which
this resolve
is
it;
intended to
left
and
untried,
effect,
which
doubt not,
it is
now
You must
it
be fully sensible of
result, should
10
The
irreparable
States, to
oppose
Hanson Harrison.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
10
[May
force.
it
The
activity.
11
12
May 3, 1777.
now before me.
your Letter from New-
Morris Town,
Dr. Gibbs
Your
13
is
of Captn. Lewis
on
I
14
Camp,
neither have
Troop)
(or his
mean,
heard anything
to this place.
must
desire
to Phila. before
15
it,
upon
see
if
and
him
to give
see the
ice,
respect-
16
whose business
that
any person
It.
else,
my
this Serv-
out of
my own
Key of the
made with
bring the
it
get
two tolerable
"The draft
"The same
is
in the writing of
letter
was
young and
1777]
sound)
or,
House
to the care of
if
possible, contrive
do not mean
Hilsimer
till
them to my
whom
write
11
an opportunity presents
if
you could,
if
to be had,
at the
same
place, get
thread Hose for Will, he, as well as myself, would thank you
for
two
or three pair.
my
Give
him that I
Complimts. to Genl.
shd. be glad
Scott,
he would
if
18
if
in Phila.,
and
tell
add that I hope the useless punctilios, which have but too much
Influence on Officers, to the great detriment of the Service, and
which
serves to distress
me
(as
ar-
upon him.
Mrs. Washington joins me in good wishes to you, and begs
that you will enquire what she has to pay at Mr. Randolph's
(in Chestnut Street) for the Night or two she was there in her
way up, and pay it. the Sooner you can join us (if your health
effect
am, etc.
two or three pounds
P. S.
ing
Endeavour
Wax you
can.
to get
19
Sir:
Quarters, Morris
Town, May
3, 1777.
and
in transmit-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
12
[May
20
which they are founded. These appear to me solid and judicious; and I shall take immediate measures, so far as depends
upon me, to have the resolutions carried into execution with
dispatch, with such improvements as shall seem to me advisable
and
I
resignation; but you are the best judge of the line of conduct,
most reconcileable
am
21
etc.
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
WILLIAM SMALLWOOD
Head Quarters, Morris Town, May 3,
Sir:
Your favour
of 24th. of April
1777.
received Yesterday,
It is
with concern
un-
my
will not be in
it
when
that happens
Satisfaction,
by
power
I
shall
settling
it
to fix the
do
my
Rank
22
them
join us,
referred to
me;
Rank and
pretensions.
As soon
my
as the 500
20
desire that
Schuyler had sent the resolves of April 30 from Philadelphia. His letter and a copy
which related principally to the northern army are in the Washington
of the resolves
Papers.
21
GAMBLING VICE
1777]
13
The
to
its
is
there-
in the recruiting
that Dissipation
am informed
in
many parts
and
that in-
and
shall
eradicate
wanting of
Officers
it
am
23
etc.
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Head
Quarters, Morris
Town, May
3,
1777.
Dear Sir: Your detention of a part of Captn. Sewards Company of Artillery, for the reasons you assign, is entirely agreeable
to me, and you will observe the same rule with respect to others
that shall be coming on in the same circumstances. I should
be glad to hear such farther particulars of the Danbury expedition, as
of Authenticity.
P. S.
The
Station; for
23
The
text
is
am etc.
Amboy
have
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
14
[May
North River.
24
To COLONEL WILLIAM
GRAYSON
Morris Town,
Dear
Your favour
by which
expected
it
is
to be.
and
as there
think he
is
25
in
not so forward as
compliment of Men.
1777.
received Yesterday,
of 22nd. April
Sir:
May 3,
make
it.
Honor, that the Money drawn and intended for Bounty has
been Squander'd
this
way.
it
it
in a
most exemplary
in
The
text
am
26
etc.
Lieut. Daniel
December,
26
is
it.
may
The
text
1
is
777.
SAFETY OF ARMS
1777]
To JOHN
15
LANGDON
Sir:
and other
on to Philadelphia. I have wrote to Congress, pressing the necessity of the immediate removal of these truly valuable Articles
at
When
gave
this order,
was that
thought
other, indeed
all
the
Arms to
Arms,
my
SpringI
could
sible.
am &ca. 27
To SAMUEL GRAY
Morris Town,
Sir
May 3,
1777.
The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
16
[May
have written.
N.
am &ca.
bull to
whom
by Mr. Trum-
28
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Wilmington.
Major Painter
in
29
is
To
May 3,
and Works,
Sir: I
Inst,
was
with
its
this
much
bravery, activity
done about
his
Rank ? he
and
most probably,
1777.
of the 3d
will be
5,
inclosures.
portunity,
1777.
Countersign Newcastle.
Ludwick
31
30
as Superintendant
many
The
NEED OF MONEY
1777]
32
By Major Troop,
Albany on Tuesday
17
last, I
am
who
left
eral Carlton's
nothing of
it,
in high Spirits
all
nine,
loss of
much
Blood.
The
were the
first
Howe
subject
to deserters
with Arms;
since,
to be gen-
It is
in
injurious nature. If
on the Subject,
By
a Person,
Genl. Wooster
I
it
who
is
dead of
would mention
his
have
If
New
York
lost at
paper, by
for-
P. S.
reported that
wounds.
to Congress, that in a
it is
Danbury. You
which you
and how
little
will see
they have
Maj. Robert Troup. Later he was promoted to lieutenant colonel; became secretary
Board of Treasury on May 20, 1779; resigned in February, 1780.
to the Continental
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
18
[May
regarded a True
killed
it
may
be
fairly
make
much more
33
it.
1777.
Sir: I
Capt. Lush,
tial
36
am
1777.
instant
by
1st.
37
As
33
34
35
e*-*^
^^^^^Cce,
(^/fe*?s4fZA?'
2'
??>?
*yy^>
American Prisoners of
War
in
New York
City,
May
2,
1777]
than
19
of cruelty
Justice.
As
made
of Capt. Sant-
38
and the other Companies, are for the good of the Service, I approve of them. Inclosed you have General Knox's order
fords
fill
their
Companies.
is
eral.
If
State,
if
that matter
is
fixed.
beg you will cause a strict watch to be kept upon the Motions of the Shipping now up the North River, because by
I
observing them,
of
what
are
up the River, why they should cut fascines, and Gabions where
they now lay; may it not be fire wood which they bring off.
I
am
&c.
89
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Bethlehem.
May 5,
1777.
Countersign Easton.
Congress
viz
who
shall
Capt. John Sandford, of Malcom's Additional Continental regiment. He transferred to Spencer's Additional Continental regiment in April, 1779; retired in January, 1781; served subsequently as captain of New York levies.
30
The text is from the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
20
[May
That his duty shall be to superintend the Regimental Surgeons and their
Mates, and to see that they do their duty; to hear all complaints against
the said regimental Surgeons and Mates, and make report of them to the
Director General, or in his absence to the Deputy Director General, or
in their absence
that they
may
from the
said
be brought
to trial
Officer thereof;
to receive
may
be rendered
fit
for duty, in a
The Hon:
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Chester.
May 6,
1777.
Countersign Derby.
man
but
on which he was
last paid ; in order that the Captain of the Guard maybe enabled
to
1777]
21
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Head Quarters, Morris Town, May
6,
1777.
must beg the favour of you to look out for a Senyoung fellow, well acquainted with figures
and well qualified to discharge the duties of a Deputy Muster
Master. His pay is low, 35 Dollars pr Month. On discovering
Dear
sible,
Sir: I
honest, active
him and
him
am etc.
Enemy's
refer
loss at
Danbury,
as
soon as possible.
40
LORD STIRLING
To
My Lord
with pain,
It is
1777.
am convinced, your
an indiscretion of the kind, I can only impute, what has happened, to a sudden transport of passion; and I am persuaded,
I
make you
it,
as a friend.
The
not allow me to be
in a
manner
that the
40
it
tends to produce.
than
The
respect
this affair, to
light,
silent,
that will
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
22
[May
make com-
of distress,
tiply
It is
not for
me to enter into
ill
liberty to give
treatment com-
my opinion, that
least,
me, that
it is
as soon as
his
Surely you can have no objection to allowing her the time necessary for accomplishing
and
it;
all
41
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole
Newtown.
May 7,
1777.
Countersign Boundbrook.
is
Stirling
COURT-MARTIAL SENTENCES
1777]
Bond and
Lieut. Brackinridge,
43
23
New
them by
Jersey
a certain
Dennis McCarthy, thinks the accusation frivolous, and groundless; And that both those Gentlemen are to be considered as
good officers, and friends to their Country.
Nathan Rice and Everard Meade Esqrs.are appointed Aides-
de-Camp
to the Honble.
at
to be
as such.
Com-
from the
45
and
his
Thomas Greaton
lashes.
Michael
Gorman
ished.
Capt. Hite
the
Culp
43
46
47
and other
Capt. William
officers of
Bond and
Lieut.
the regiment.
Samuel Brackenridge.
44
He
resigned
May
20, 1777.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
24
Lieut. Beeler
48
Not
[May
guilty.
to be
The
inclosed to General
Wayne,
is
requiring
His presence in
this quarter
1777.
him
to
my letter.
The
own
state to
is,
to,
officers
and
have
proportioned to the
I desire,
you will do
Head
Quarters, as directed.
am
49
etc.
as
[n.y.h.s.3
WAYNE
Town, May 7,
1777.
you
*8
me
with
all
REMOVAL OF STORES
1777]
25
command
of them,
which you
tive of inconveniences.
approaches
fast,
and
The commencement
admit of no delay in
will
Army.
am
is
produc-
Campaign
making the
of the
50
etc.
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Dear
Sir: I
mention of a
stant,
him
letter of
way down
want of Arrangement
ment.
in the
know,
it is
felt
the
ill
Consequences of the
amazing extent of
he has been
infa-
been put
lately
to,
however beg that you and Genl. Clinton will press the
from the
places
text
is
all
those Stores
quick as possible;
The
that Branch,
mously deceived by
count.
at
to be
it is
50
in-
from
the Sound.
ties
1st.
lines
few
as I very
as
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
26
up the
we
[May
want
of them.
The
Montgom-
ery, gives
me
currence of Circumstances,
it
from a Con-
think,
begins to look, as
if
the
Enemy
and
keep the
the
out withdrawing their forces from Jersey, and that they cannot
is
from
Jersey
and Rhode
Island.
him
have thought
think you
make
cannot conceive.
right,
their Soldiers
if
he
lost or distroyed
things
upon the
from the
may
had been
would be to put
same bad footing which they had been. I there-
to.
But to admit
Arms and
be branded, and
if
Arms,
this,
will order
it
to be returned.
SAFETY OF STORES
1777]
27
may
when
they
mean
to
move
in earnest,
it
be assured, that
may
not be at
New
To BRIGADIER
GENERAL
Dear
Instt.
Sir: I
and
May 7,
1777.
am happy to hear,
Men,
is
can-
Army, would
It
would give me
pleasure,
Strong
will not,
it
it
"In
the writing of
S.
W.
Tench Tilghman.
Rosenbach.
The
and
passes, as are
secure,
and
will be objects of
Dr. A.
imports us highly,
original text
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
28
must therefore
request, that
and
the hale
all
loss of
[May
effective
you
will
Troops to
weak
to proceed yet,
However,
am
For
Danbury,
was with considerable loss, and they are convinced, whenever they make an impression, the Country will recur to Arms.
yet
it
and the matter is with you. The Letter was certainly opened as
you supposed, because the superscription on the cover you sent,
is
my
am
52
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole
New York.
May 8,
1777.
Countersign Albany.
is
its
and
52
The Commander in
The
text
is
all
chief, in the
officers
and
most pointed
soldiers,
playing
1777]
at cards, dice or at
diversion;
it
29
being impossible,
if
all,
abundant employ-
menproviding for
and seeing that they appear neat, clean and soldierlikeNor will any thing redound more to their honorafford
them more solid amusement or better answer the end of their
ment, in training and disciplining their
them
may
The Commanding
is
strictly
enjoined
camp, in
quarters,
upon
to,
on the recruiting
by a General Court
The General
pay the
Martial.
Officers, in
strictest attention to
is
the information of
To
officers,
Sir:
By
the
discovered a
last
return of the
1st
Pennsylvania Battalion,
up.
1777.
Officer, I can't
this
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
30
[May
talions
generally
known
it
becomes
a prudent Choice.
with
Gentlemen may
am &c. 53
Sir: I
2nd
The importance
it is
1777.
of Congress
now
and
its
appendages
General appointed to the command of it, you will therefore immediately repair to that Post and take charge of it,
effected,
am
till
a general
64
etc.
Head
the Amphitrite
Quarters, Morris
to
me
Yesterday, by a
Letter from Mr. Deane and one from Genl Heath, Copies of
which
are transmitted.
53
The draft is in the writing of George Johnston. The letter sent, also in Johnston's
writing, is in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania and varies from the draft in
capitalization only.
M The
text
is
55
Thomas Conway. Congress made him a brigadier general on May 13. It was
from him that the cabal which attempted to supersede Washington as Commander
in Chief took
its
name.
COL.
1777]
31
Army of the States and from Mr. Deane's recommendaHe says no particular command was
in the
agreed on, between him and Mr.Deane,nor does he wish otherwise, than that Congress should exercise their
own
discretion;
who were
Borre,
subject to his
of the Officers,
I
ities
abil-
of
him; From what I can discover, he apof candour, and if he has been in service, as
to be acquainted with
pears to be a
long
as
Man
he says he has,
should suppose
to
Camp,
as the
infinitely better
many who
He seems extremely anxious to return
him
to
become
active
to
it
expedient.
as soon as
56
Sir :
The
inclosed
you to himself.
and find
M In
and
that nothing
Services,
must refer
as to his expectations,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
32
content him.
If
his
own
[May
Account, or from
what you can collect from others, think proper to confer this
Rank upon him, there is no vacancy in any other Corps, except
that of Colo. Sheldon's.
sions, either
from
we con-
58
etc.
To JAMES MEASE
Morris Town,
Sir:
May 9,
60
1777.
Letter,
One
transmit for
your consideration.
P. S.
directs
Since the foregoing, Mr. Mease has yours by the post, and he
me,
Army;
He
58
tells
to issue
them;
them
am
coming.
at
Morris
of the Generals
to serve his
afraid
own
Friends
freely of
RED UNIFORMS
1777]
me much and
33
requires but
few
comments. Those Goods are certainly Public property, purchased by Public Agents and were transported at Public expence and risk. The Army are in great need of them and will
want all Articles of the kind you can procure; so that they can
not be applied, upon any principle, to the purposes of private
private friendship. Supposing those intended
emolument or
to be favoured
preference
who
is
due to any,
it is
trust
yet, if a
and
Men
earliest in the
an
interpreta-
I am etc.
am convinced, that we
your directions.
P. S.
veniences,
shall experience
many
incon-
therefore
wish, to have
I
81
is.
To RICHARD
HENRY LEE
Morristown,
Dear
Sir :
May
10, 1777.
Dannemours,
62
have visited
I
am
us.
He
is
man of
who
common
sensible
and
judicious,
and
as far as
"The
Army, bet
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
34
[May
He has letters
states.
of recommendation
power
to the cause
mean this is
63
etc.
Since
10, 1777.
Instt.
Inclosed,
Instt.,
which
is
the
first I
have been
As soon
as I
repair to
Commission and
accepts his
is
and the
stances of the
them
I
to be,
Army admit.
it is
owing
If
to our
they are
inability
and not to
ploy
the
much
modes
"The
text
spondence.
of his care,
upon
this Subject.
and
it
we wish
inattention.
again, to em-
from Memoir of the Life of Richard Henry Lee and His Corre-
1777]
are
more
POSITIONS OF TROOPS
35
means
in our power,
Unhappily for
difficult.
us, the
As
yet,
pass'd the
Connecticut and
missed my orders, till they had got over. These I shall send back,
we are more reinf orc'd, unless the movements of the Enmake their detention necessary. The rest
emy
after
in this Quarter,
New Hampshire
with
Gansevorts
all
now
the
at the
way to
me and my
General
The
shall
go
as
are constantly
employed
wanted much
is
to defray the
arise
He
says,
and requested
first
Mr. Hancock
I
would
also
64
was
to write
mention
it
upon the
Subject,
to Congress in
my
Letter.
late
by the Of-
and on
their
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
36
in such cases,
Copy
[May
upon the
Subject.
To THE BOARD OF
it,
have, etc.
shew
will
65
WAR
10, 1777.
upon Hudson's
River,
is
Enemy
of Prisoners.
P. S.
are
am etc.
Three Regiments of
To DANIEL OF
68
10, 1777.
the
Hanson Harrison;
the draft
is
difficulties
in that of Richard
Kidder
Meade.
86
"The
draft
is
FRENCH ARTILLERY
1777]
arise, I shall
37
impartial Scale.
The impediments to the recruiting Service, I hope are now removed, and
I flatter
filling
Maryland.
up the Quota
of
Men
etc.
Quarters, Morris
HEATH
Town, May
10, 1777.
are
at Boston,
tary Stores,
Arms
to Springfield in Connecticut
where they
all
the Mili-
from those
places,
are to be subject to
my directions.
Upon
may be sent forward, as far as Litchfield in Connecticut, where the Officer who conducts them will meet his further orders. The remainder of the Cannon are to be lodged at
the heavy
The French Artificers, who came over with the Cannon, are
to
69
Ebenezer Hancock.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
38
[May
cannot see the necessity of taking twenty Men into pay, pur-
drawn
and some
of
them may be
made
to
flatter
Boston,
in a
of Character,
who
Battalions.
come from
are just
Peeks
up your
fit
By some Gentlemen
Kill.
They
tell
their
you
March
will,
on
this,
to
dispatch an
Kill, of the
he
is
which he
is
commanded, and
if
Regiment
beg he
may be
done
and
is
as a
at the Forts
is
one of those
or-
dont mean
DEFENSE OF HIGHLANDS
1777]
39
from the Regiment, to act seperately as an Engineer, but that he will be kind enough to assist
Genls. McDougall and Clinton with his Advice, as he has sur70
veyed and explored that country last Campaign. I am &ca.
by
this,
that he
is
to be taken
[MS.H.S.]
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Morris Town,
Dear
May
io, 1777.
So little room is left for doubting the Enemy's deupon the North River, that, (notwithstanding proper
Sir:
signs are
on
this head.
Defence
may
Let
be
me
left
no Measure
for
thro' the
Mountains on each
Works,
as
may
set
about such
will suggest this Idea. Altho' every Place within the reach
the
which
is
any such
The
against
your
70
In the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
40
[May
Baggage
last
to follow
WOODFORD
The
and
10, 1777.
fifteenth Virginia
The
necessity of occupying so
many
Posts, as
we
at present
You
absent
have
will in a particular
manner
inquire,
what
Officers are
all
here,
and
You will likewise enquire into the State and condition of the
Non-Commissioned Officers and privates, know where the absentees are,
and endeavour
to get
W.
Rosenbach.
The
original text
CONDUCT OF OFFICERS
1777]
41
You will likewise carefully endeavour to have all General orders complied with by those under your immediate command.
72
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Cambridge.
It
May
10, 1777.
Countersign Dublin.
some
officers
make
if
any
The Commander
officer,
in future, will
a public horse; or
first
if
officer,
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Morristown, May n,
Parole Essex.
Countersign Falmouth.
12th.,
1777.
Regts., are to
com-
Scott.
The text is from the Varick Transcripts. The same letter was sent to Brig. Gen.
Charles Scott, whose brigade was formed by the Fourth, Eighth, Twelfth, and Sixteenth Virginia Regiments.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
42
is
[May
is
appointed Brigade
obeyed
as such.
sit,
to
morrow,
at
9 o'clock, to
All Evi-
dences to attend.
To
Morris Town,
Sir: I
May
Men who
fell,
and of those
who were
we
derive this
be
it
11, 1777.
and
that
no impression
still
of the
power-
Enemy,
We cannot ascertain what the Enemy's loss was; but from our
own, when our Men fought
in parties,
think,
it
affair, is,
attending
it
end in destroying
means
will be disagreeable.
That the Enemy will harrass our Coasts and injure the maritime Towns, with their shipping and by sudden debarkations
of small parties of
Men,
is
we cannot
command of the Water.
when we first engaged in the
This
we
laid
our account
in,
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777]
Contest; but
43
State, to
War.
of
it
in
we
should
glorious conclusion.
tempt an impression, we
shall effect
The
Enemy have certainly some Capital Object in view, either Philadelphia or Hudson's River. Till their designs are unfolded,
all
the Troops
from
this
States
must
Assemble in this Quarter, to prevent their possessing the Former. Those raised in the Eastern
States, except
such as were
them
thro' the Highlands. Should they be able to carry those and the
Fortifications for the defence of the River, we all know the im-
and
so
do
all,
who
from
would
follow.
confess
its
cir-
which
are in Service,
Battalions,
from innoculation,
request for
I
heartily
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
44
they
make
disconcerts
'Till the
my
favor of
main
it,
me in difficulties.
[May
States,
were to re-
in them.
To
73
Sir: I
I
am this
1777.
as
mand Mr. Fell's 74 release for that of Mr. Hugh Wallace, Colo.
75
Philips or Mr. Jauncey whose paroles we have and who are all
Counsellors of the State of New York. If they refuse this,
call
upon one
of those
Gentlemen
Mr.
interest themselves
than Submit to a
recall.
disaffected are
doing
I shall
The
draft
On May
is
all
hope,
in their
if
Power
Hanson Harrison.
at
PAY IRREGULARITIES
1777]
To THE OFFICER
45
and bring
their
COMMANDING AT PEEKSKILL"
Men
76
etc.
1777.
He
and
assistance,
State possible.
them,
make me
this Step. I
to the
Sir: I
against
To
10th
am etc. 78
Inst.,
am persuaded,
is
reprehensible,
in
an Exemplary
I tell
them, it will
The
46
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
[May
and such
as require
from Matters
on the
Nor do I appre-
hend the Regulations empowering and enjoining the Regimental Pay Masters to bring them to an Account, will be found
competent to the end. Such Officers will be proper to state the
Accounts in the first instance and to receive Vouchers &c, but
will not do to Settle them finally, as their connections with the
Regiment will subject them much to the influence of the Officers. I should suppose, if two or three Gentlemen of integrity
and ability in Accounts were appointed Auditors, to attend the
Army till the Business is finished, it would be the best expedient that could be fallen on. They would be a check on the Pay
Masters, and, I am persuaded, will be the means of the Accounts being fairly and justly liquidated. If a Settlement can
be once obtained, I trust the same confusion will never take
place again, as the pay Masters will receive and pay All Money
due to the Regiments and account for it, and as the Army is on
a more permanent footing than it ever was before; For this,
like most other inconvenience and difficulties, which we have
experienced,
is
which Congress
gives
should suppose
it
to be advisable.
and
SKIRMISH AT PISCATAWAY
1777]
we can.
would
observe,
if
47
it
should
for them
turn when that expires, yet, that is more tolerable than
suggest,
caprice
and
whim
go off in Parties, every day, as their
which has been always the case, when the time was not stated.
To
Sir:
12, 1777.
80
Hanson Harrison.
With Washington's permission Arnold went
rank, and Putnam was ordered to Peekskill in
In the writing of Robert
on the question of
Arnold was unsuccessful
in his application to Congress for the adjustment of his seniority. His enemies in that
body were more numerous than his friends, though they were compelled to render at
least a show of justice to his acts of extraordinary bravery and military conduct.
Richard Henry Lee and John Adams, however, were quite in the dark as to this, as
Lee wrote to Jefferson (May 20): "One plan, now in frequent use, is to assassinate
the characters of the friends of America, in every place, and by every means. At this
moment they are now reading in Congress an audacious attempt of this kind against
the brave General Arnold." (See Memoir of the Life of Richard Henry Lee and His
Correspondence, vol. 2, p. 38.) And John Adams wrote to his wife (May 22):
" I spent last evening at the war office with General Arnold. He has been basely
slandered and libelled. The regulars say he fought like Julius Caesar.' I am wearied
to death with the wrangles between military officers, high and low. They quarrel
like cats and dogs. They worry one another like mastiffs, scrambling for rank and
pay like apes for nuts."
his
'
to Philadelphia
his stead.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
48
[May
considers the
more
some Reports
himself,
I
an Opportunity of vindicating
pleased to confer
of
inferior to
him.
He
him competent to
pretend not to
judge, what motives may have influenced the conduct of Congress upon this occasion. It is needless to say any thing of this
Gentleman's Military Character. It is universally known, that
To THE BOARD OF
Sir: I
am
WAR
12, 1777.
Gamble
82
who was at Princeton, has been exchanged some time since, and
1
SCARCITY OF TENTS
1777]
83
49
who was
Capt McPherson
request, permission to
Putnam
barely mentions,
rid of
him I consented
backward
Mc-
that Capt.
Army in this Quarter; since that was made out, I have received
Returns from Colo. Stone
there were about 8oo
where
refer
the Board.
I
am obliged for
am
84
Sir: I
have
just received
to
come on from
Bristol,
you
Hazen's
tents,
with every
"The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
50
[May
suppose
do not
recollect, that
any
Officers
You
and give
to their motions,
will be attentive
Mrs. Busy's
me
86
tale,
when
As
some
ill
to
makes
and
purposes,
I wish She
and Scrutinously examined.
With respect to the prisoners sentenced to die, you are the best
judge of the circumstances of their crime and of the characters
of the men, and if either of them should appear to you, in other
respects, as well as in this instance, worthy of severity, I think
it would be well, for example sake, to inflict the punishment
on him, and pardon the others, especially as the Regiment, to
is
care of,
which they belong, has been particularly addicted to the mischeivous and hateful practice of desertion; But if there are any
palliating considerations, or
if
have
its
men
would not
full effect.
You will get yourself immediately ready to resign your command at Princeton, to the first Genl. Officer that arrives at your
post; to General
85
86
Weedon,
if
no other
joins
you
before.
John Mercereau.
Barbara Busy, or Bury (possibly Berry), was from
New York
City.
Give
INSPECTION OF HIGHLANDS
1777]
51
relative
to the Command. When you have done this, you are to repair to
Morris Town with your baggage &ca. Your destination will
then be to take the Command of the posts on the other side of
8?
the North River; Peeks Kill and its dependencies. I am etc.
Dear
Sir:
May
12, 1777.
would have
Kill, I
upon
Works throwing up
directions to General
tia
Heard
at that place,
or Officer
at
Pompton,
present,
you
you necessary for the greater security of the Passes (by Land
and Water) through the Highlands; and moreover, dispose
of the Troops in such a Manner, as you shall judge most likely
to
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
52
The
on
the
West
the
to, lest
[May
side of the
Enemy by
be the
work of Militia,
if
to be had;
if
not, the
may
Detachments of
me notice)
shall
Turn your
be sent thither.
88
and
direct
them to be
if
Military Stores
and Stock
it.
Examine
For
if
and
direct
the Works
if
is
Troops,
if
and Forage
thither.
^Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, Brig. Gens. Henry Knox, Alexander McDougall,
Anthony Wayne, and George Clinton signed a report (May 17) on the Highland
defenses in which they stated that if the river obstructions could be rendered effectual
to
that 4,000 or 5,000 troops could defend the passes. These river obstructions were
be " a Boom across the River, at Fort Montgomery, and one or two cables, in front
two
of the chain, to break the force of the shipping before they come up to it. The
Continental Ships should be immediately man'd and fixed; and the Two RowGallies, to be stationed just above the obstructions, which will forma front fire equal
Gallies in
to what the Enemy can bring against them. The fire from the Ships and
front, and the Batteries upon the flank, will render it impossible for the Shipping to
The Communication between the Eastern and Western States is
operate there.
so essential to the Continent and the advantages we shall have over the Enemy by
the communication and the great Expence that will be saved in transportation of
Stores, by having the command of the River, warrants every expence to secure an
.
is
in the
Washington Papers.
1777]
Keep
an
insult.
am etc.
lest
Knowledge
53
the disaf-
you
to offer
89
Dear
Sir:
Your account
of the attempt
it
Dear
the least
Field,
an
was on our
side,
90
am &ca. 91
liarity of their
Officer
or-
at
detachment)
is
as I expected.
To
Enemy
12, 1777.
pared for
the
May
upon
Uniform
who commands
and the
me, that the people
the party,
tells
were exceedingly alarmed upon the Road, and had they been
80
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
54
it
[May
all
for
upon means
by dipping into that kind of dye that is most proper to put upon
Red.
I
it is, so
92
am
etc.
To JOSEPH TRUMBULL
Morris Town,
Sir:
May
12, 1777.
Department, that
management
in your
have induced
sequences of the
last
fall
sary reformation.
The
many
many of the
The former is
who
my moving on
Conjecture.
Some however
who
is
expected hourly.
directed the
Dep-
The
text
is
SAFETY OF STORES
1777]
derangement in
Stores at
this
Danbury,
55
Army; And Fort Montgomery has not a Weeks proviMeat before hand, for its present Garrison, notwithstanding
I ordered Six Months to be laid in for 1.000 Men, before the Enemy
came here. Onions, sent to Danbury, have laid there and perished, while
reserve, for the
sion of
the Troops here have been destitute of every kind of Vegetables, for the
greatest part of the time since
took the
Command.
if
am
Army
will
In short,
in that time.
if
secured.
if
is.
am ne-
without
ities,
loss of time.
Activity,
This
in the Character
we shall be reduced to great Inconvenience, and perhaps distress. You had better look out for such
an one immediately, that he may be making proper prepara-
of a Commissary, otherwise
tions. I
am
93
etc.
To JAMES MEASE
Morris Town,
Sir:
part of our
rious
and
think
May
12, 1777.
it
fatal
inju-
necessary to repeat
my request, mentioned in my
it, I
last,
you will have all the Clothes in your hands, of that Colour,
dyed of some other, as soon as you can. Yesterday an Escort to
that
The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
56
[May
Horse could possibly have been, they certainly would have suffered. Unless the matter is immediately remedied, by changing
the Colour, our people will be destroying themselves.
To
am etc. 94
Sir:
13, 1777.
have
and I believe
it is
not to be doubted,
Money
The
selves
upon
Officers
if
not
if
concerned in
the
distressed for
Whether
full pay,
it
them-
Men,
especially
95
pay.
Enemy,
case,
them
diffi-
to the Measure.
As
greatly
in-
May
19, 1777.)
HESSIAN PRISONERS
1777]
57
their deserting
this
have &ca.
96
To LIEUTENANT GENERAL
LEOPOLD PHILLIP VON HEISTER 97
Morris Town,
Sir :
O'Riley
13, 1777.
8th. instt.
by Capt.
May
Money and
falls
other nec-
within the
Com-
missary's department
that
hands; Yet
Lieutt. Miller
to
has
I
my
is
inclosed.
would extend
this
it.
The
07
Commander
93
draft
is
Hanson Harrison.
America.
German
Army.
09
1
Col. Carl
refusal.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
58
enjoy too
me
do
tivity, to
to
much
[May
no Requisition
of this
that
it.
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Ireland.
13, 1777.
Countersign London.
William Johnson
Lewis,
May
Major
to Genl.
is
Brigade; and
is
to be respected
and obeyed
as such.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole
Monmouth.
May
14, 1777.
Countersign Norfolk.
General,
is
to apply to the
Adjutant
it is
said, to
places.
with
little
MenThis
expence.
The Commander
in Chief
is
The
draft
is
in the writing of
George Johnston.
WHIPPING DESERTERS
1777]
his
Execution whereof,
59
is
suspended
'till
further
orders.
nth Pennsylvania
acquitted,
to
and cashiered
1st.
Camp
Anderson"
to Capt.
arrest.
without leave"
found guilty,
Ordered to depart.
and
to ask pardon.
Serjt. Hyliard, Serjt.
1st. Jersey
Hyliard found
ing robbed
reduced to the ranks, and to receive 100 lashes Smith and Lee
found
and to receive 100 lashes eachthe residue of the
sentence dispensed withAnd either of them, who confesses
to be releasedThe other two
before punishment
the house of Elias
Bland"
guilty,
is
is
inflicted,
are acquitted.
3
*
8
Lieut.
guilty,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
60
[May
Colonel Barber was president; and directs the immediate execution of them.
and
tried for
"De-
acquitted.
condemned
to receive
50 lashes.
and
acquitted.
Henry Smith
of Capt.Cattalin's
acquitted.
receive 50 lashes.
and
is
appointed
to be obeyed as such.
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
would be folly
7
this
Varnum was
LACK OF TENTS
1777]
61
am
etc.
10
To CAPTAIN STROTHER JONES
Head
Sir :
Quarters, Morris
of his
Subject to
may arise
to
them
or yourself,
fast as
they
much to-
as
you
raise a Sub's
am &ca.
Head
The
quarter will be
I
is
15, 1777.
like to
whole Army
make
us
in this
the Field.
Ticonderoga
to Gist's
Ad-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
62
[May
either
by an addi-
sup-
will be
rial
beg
possi-
serve us.
12
cover your
earliest intelligence of
any mate-
happen
ment
you
Howes and
first accounts I
of Genl.
concert.
The
Tionderoga, were
Congress, to
late
whom
You
regularly to
make
a general
One
make me
may be able
will be pleased to
that
am etc. 13
[n.y.h.s.]
You
15, 1777.
"Col.
M In
Hugh Hughes,
the writing of
of
New
York.
Tench Tilghman.
OPPOSITION TO ENEMY
1777]
now
Company, and
remain there
light
63
Horse
further Orders;
till
come
all
now at
others
on,
are necessary for present use; but take care, that the several
Corps are well supplied with Ammunition, and that you have
enough
Have
march
at a
demand no more
must be taught
latter, as
It is, I
to carry their
own
first,
Men
own
would
sufficient incite-
means
to
you may
act accordingly.
you find the Enemy's views are turned towards the Dela-
Army to come up
If,
their
or the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
64
[May
you should hazard a general Engagement; because, a deof your whole body which would probably follow, from
that
feat
wou'd bring on a dispersion and discouragement of your Troops; whereas to harrass them day and
Night by a Number of small parties, under good Officers,
disputing at the same time advantageous Passes, (with proper
precautions to prevent being Surrounded) would do them more
inequality of numbers
real injury
and
rout.
your Baggage
let
need not
among the
recommend
Soldiers,
and
to
in the
to use
your best
Correspond with Colo. Forman who commands in Monmouth County, and keep me regularly advised of every important occurrence without loss of time.
14
May
15, 1777.
Dear Sir: I was this morning favoured with yours of the 13th,
by Colo. Malmady. I have written to Mr. Hughes, respecting
the distribution of the Tents, you have ordered
ward.
from the
East-
"The
text
is
TENTS NEEDED
1777]
my
Letter,
him upon
write
it
As you have
may
the Subject.
65
not mentioned
it,
or the
You
will
it is
held at
the views and expectations of Congress upon this Head, you had
better apply to
capture of the
wish to hear
facts, that I
take place.
this con-
think
we may
15
been
effected, or
longer,
Your
is
not to be promoted
am &ca. 10
HUGH HUGHES
ward
has
Services in
Sir:
If it
me
15, 1777.
Mr.
all
the Tents
which were
15
La Seine, the only one of Beaumarchais's supply ships that was captured, was
taken by the British frigate Perseus and carried into Dominica. The French governor
of Martinique was reported to have demanded her release under threat of reprisals.
18
The text is from the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress.
"Thomas Chase.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
66
to you,
and
desires that
will give
you directions
[May
as to the dis-
wanting for the Troops that are not barracked at Peeksand the Forts. I cannot conceive that any great number
will be
kill
can be wanting
at
which
am
at that post
let
it
to
Huts
draw as sparingly
if
as possible.
really necessary, to
be
But
many
as will
any remain, after keeping what are necessary at Peeks Kill, and
Supplying Genl. Gates, they must be sent to such place as shall
be deemed most secure.
am etc. 18
To COLONEL DAVID
FORMAN
its
pick
up some
18
The
text
is
and
parties
Commissary
will
LACK OF CLOTHING
1777]
to
British,
67
and endeavor
to
you
to bear in
to obtain intelligence,
which
intent, of
is
from
would beg
may
is
their al-
to conduct
never be per-
am etc. 19
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Head Quarters, Morris Town, May
16, 1777.
Dear Sir: I was a few days ago favoured with yours of the 6th.
I
all
is
if it is
not, they
must
certainly look to the State, because a Sufficiency of public Clothleft at Boston for their Troops. As to pay, the different
commanding Officers of the Regiments had better make up their
abstracts and each of them send down their paymaster or some
ing was
will
make up
Money.
If
they
all
Money
As some
eral
ferred
upon him, he
ordered Genl.
19
is
gone to Philadelphia.
brary,
The
original
is
lately con-
have therefore
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
68
and open
to conviction,
and
is
[May
active, disinterested,
of the post
Command
under him.
am &ca.
20
To MARQUIS DE
MALMEDY
21
pressing
16, 1777.
forbear ex-
ties in
you mention, which has lately been conferred upon you by Congress. It astonishes me, that a Gentleman of your discernment,
should find it impossible to make a right distinction between
Continental and Colonial appointments, after
it.
The
is
nothing easier
made by
the legislature
Certainly there
all
reason
is
much
less
tion of
many
it
RANK CLAIM
1777]
69
To
request to be employed in
Rhode
what
to request not to be
is
employed
is
must repeat
at all. I
other light, than that in which Congress has placed you, and
in
my power
rank you
whatever Employment
to give you,
must
may at any
other you
may
time have
Army.
If
it
deceive yourself.
it
is
a perfect nonentity
in a Continental view.
If
friends in Europe,
ought to consider
it
it
as
distinctions existing
though the
will
in perplexities, you
letter, is it
them
impossible to
to your friends,
of
Let
We
insuperable obstacles.
Appeal
to
now
your
is
own
not the
the French
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
70
Would
Service in ours ?
[May
who have
And would
it
own
who
have
Country, in raising
In short
Sir, I
Rhode
Island,
is
any
sufficient
Though
justice
both to you
and myself requires that I should plainly inform you, that your
scruples and difficulties, so often reiterated and under a variety
of Shapes, are exceedingly perplexing to me, and that I wish
them to cease.
am etc. 22
To COLONEL RICHARD
Sir:
swer
HUMPTON
23
is
inoculation of your
the sending
proper Officers,
hoped
informs
at
Our
me
that
do
last
return of
it,
now
was mistaken.
But the
it,
and
me
to
you to repair to
the Service, calls upon you
to order
equipped and over the small pox, must follow under proper
^The
23
of Congress.
1777]
You will
Officers.
71
with
all necessaries,
case.
am &ca.
To
as I
25
Your
will give
Commissions
to the
missions,
when
obtain them.
27
shall
be
of
late
and Claims
promotion of
fully, if
as
should
mands.
instances, they
24
The same
seem
to
have
upon
lost sight
men,
of what is
those
in
many
just
and
Irvine, of the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
72
[May
reasonable.
It
give
Commands
to every
Appointment.
reconcile
from
Political
Congress to
will be
it
may
Well for
be some
which the
situation of the
my
part,
much
practicable,
By
a Letter
The
off,
Officer happily
by moving
his Post.
and the Enemy entering at different places, their parties engaged. Genl. Heard says their loss could not be ascertained,
but from the Reports of some of the Inhabitants,
Men
wounded.
28
have &ca.
at
Ten
of then-
29
Abraham Van
Buskirk, of
Meade.
Hanson Harrison;
the draft
is
in that of
Richard Kidder
ORDERS TO TROOPS
1777]
73
swer
When I
is
vania Battalion
the small pox,
as
had
Quarters, Morris
31
Return of the
16, 1777.
hoped
Officers, I
6th. Pennsyl-
under proper
it,
Town, May
to the
Army
such
to see a considerable
part of the Battalion in the Field before this. But the last general return
Our
me
informs
that
all
me
to order
the small pox, and are equipped. Justice to the Service, calls
upon you
to
a sufficient
do so without
Number
loss of
on the
recruit-
and to see
that
as,
am etc. 32
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Quebec.
80
16, 1777.
Countersign Roxbury.
May
is
Muhlenberg; and
to be
obeyed
as such.
Of
w As
32
Practically the
Adam
same
letter
was sent
to Lieut. Cols.
Henry
Hubley, of the Tenth; and David Grier, of the Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment.
The one to Grier is in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade, and is in the possession
of Judge E. A. Armstrong, of Princeton, N. J.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
74
To
[May
33
Your favour
of the 13th.
16, 1777.
and
am
my own
how far
allowed to operate must depend upon many other
they can be
considerations
the
and circumstances.
I shall
ideas; but
be induced to incamp
that the
and
offence,
and the
better I shall
may project
more
till
To RICHARD
I shall
however, en-
am etc.
little
34
HENRY LEE
Morristown,
May
17, 1777.
am
Department,
is
in the
54
The
Washington Papers.
is from the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress.
text
APPOINTING FOREIGNERS
1777]
75
In
may
is
or
to the
ties
influ-
to receive
much
and
confusion
must follow, but this is not the worst, they have not the smallest
chance to recruit others, and our
officers
think
it
exceedingly
hard, after they have toiled in this service, and probably sustained
many
losses, to
merit, perhaps,
will take
no
is
denial.
matter give
me leave to add
Sir, is
in
policy,
our
own
it is
activity of
ments
is
now
clear
evidently defeated,
men;
own
country-
another
who was
us,
ing
less
man of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
76
real
[May
and teazed
to death
am
haunted
dissatis-
faction of others.
Officers
first
if
they
we have
at present in
know
and authentic
loss of
you that
assure
am
Army.
have delivered
my
sentiments
have nothing
else in
pom-
on
testimo-
that a
when
of the Service.
By
Fabricy a Kovatz,
not, but
35
from what
strong to convince
sations
little I
On May
am,
38
etc.
it
This letter was printed in the Alexandria (Va.) Gazette of Dec. 7, 1812, and
afterwards in the Memoir of the Life of Richard Henry Lee and His Correspondence.
DRAFTING RECRUITS
1777]
11
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Spanktown.
in,
morrow morning.
To
Morris Town,
When
Sir:
I
17, 1777.
Ulto.
May
Countersign Trenton.
flattered
this,
as to
ple,
and thereby
them to inlist.
So that
we
to
drawn
making
a feeble defence,
and the
altho' the
important Season
is
had
it
power
at present
we have
The warmest Advocates for Militia and short inlistments
important purposes of
War
No
men
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
78
What
ing our
full
less
[May
than furnish-
Our
Situation perhaps
more
critical
now
making
or by
it
Tory to furnish
selves
Soldiers, at their
day of April
ate
last, is
tried
and
are
still
practised
by some of the
conducted.
giving Certificates
who
Enemy, with
the
Seize the
their
and every
first
Arms.
If
it
least,
Men
Foreigners of no
If
[or a person of
some
REGULATION OF PAY
1777]
them to the
Establishment.
full
37
79
courage the taking up of deserters, will greatly lessen the deficiency that appears
of the
Men
recovery, gone
home without
my
most unceas-
ing Efforts bring them back; the Officers sent upon that duty,
shamefully spending their time in Dissipation and Idleness.
I
when
'tis
its
an Excuse in the
Man-
88
etc.
am
Quarters, Morris
Town, May
last
17, 1777.
Month by
his Credentials.
I
do not apprehend,
it
was intended
that there
un-
Washington Papers. By
added by Washington.
it
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
80
at Boston,
and the
[May
is
present.
Congress
from Genl. Heath upon Mr. Hancock Deputy Paymaster General at Boston. As all the Troops which you have had, and will
command are provincials; I would recommend the payment of them, to the States to which they belong,
who can make a Continental charge of it, if their Troops are
have under your
am &ca. 39
17, 1777.
see
many
difficulties to
is
this
prevent the
principal one,
is,
the
quence would be, that were they strong enough, they would
prepare themselves to give you a reception, and were they not,
no conception
3a
attack
and
REENFORCEMENTS
1777]
collected,
and such
had better be
81
In
it.
my
it
would end
in
us, or
am &ca. 41
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
Morris Town,
Dear
17, 1777.
Sir: I
nth Instt.
him
gether.
of the necessity, of
be to
call our
and
their recovery
on to Peeks
I
am
with
all
attempt
would more
certainly
will admit,
must come
Kills.
sorry, the
Council for
41
to-
filling their
from
42
it.
am persuaded,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
82
[May
and
may be reposed.
How far the expedition to Long Island, would be practicable,
our detaching a Force, to recover our prisoners under their present circumstances,
43
going into a full discussion of the measure, either upon the principles of
War
or justice,
am
quences.
No future prisoners, in
receive the
so essential to their
them a more close and severe Confinement. You are not to infer
from hence, that I esteem the recovery of Prisoners unjustifiable
in
all cases
^Parsons's
of
American
letter
prisoners,
is
in the
a raid
on Long Island
Washington Papers.
it.
DEATH SENTENCE
1777]
am
surprised,
Money sent by
83
Colo. Lee.
44
or
some of your
Officers.
alterations in
it,
mode
of
deem a Deviation on the Side of Mercy requisite, from any circumstances you may have obtained since his trial in his favour.
From
seemed
adjudged him to
suffer. I
am etc. 45
May
17, 1777.
that
expence of the
States.
want
of Opportunity,
tiplicity of business,
attention,
at the
it
in
my power.
my
time and
therefore request,
you will take the matter upon yourself, and procure such a
as will please
on the
earliest notice.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
84
[May
am,
N.
etc.
The
B.
resolve alluded to
and
ist.
of
Jany. 1777.
P. S.
raise
tolerable
number
as fast as
of each.
this subject.
To COLONEL JOHN
number
not
or every
46
PATTON
you can
You must
17, 1777.
part of your Battalion in the Field before this; But the lastGenl.
it is
engaged in that
Service,
have
made
it,
the
upon you to do so
without loss of time. Such of your recruits, as are equipped, and
over the small pox must follow under proper Officers. You will
Battalion; justice to
it,
and to the
Service, calls
provide
and
dissipation, as (I
46
orders to ex-
important duties,
do not spend
their time in
Col.
DRAFT IN MASSACHUSETTS
1777]
To MAJOR
85
18, 1777.
quarter,
It is
is
more urgent
views to prepare for it. But this preparation should not and
must not interfere with that attention, which is due to those
posts where the danger is immediate and certain. No relaxaexertion,
consistent with
hands
this
way
of their destination.
49
first
place, to
Capt.
Thomas
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
86
The
You
it
on
you mention
it
[May
to
and vigour.
Head Quar-
50
list.
in contemplation to raise
this
inlistments,
could
would
certainly be impolitic to pursue partial plans of defence, in dimwish it might not be adopted till they are complete, for
inution of the
common Strength.
State,
it
let
till
Enemy
their continu-
is
to exert themselves to
fill
till
estab-
am &ca. 51
Dear
Sir: I
May
this date
19, 1777.
and
still
con-
No
52
this list
is
SCARCITY OF TENTS
1777]
87
not possibly be
made without
To MAJOR
a Discovery.
53
54
19, 1777.
which is in a great
15th., But
which appear
to
me
like
an imputation of
letters,
partiality in favour
ing but tents could serve our turn, and that therefore, as there
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
88
[May
was not
tainly this
you
make
least
The Northern Army is, and ever has been, as much the object
my
of
as the
my
and
distribution of
have endeavoured to
render most effectual service to the public Cause, without suffering partiality for either Department to have the least influ-
will
make
if,
must inevitably take the Field the moment the Weather will
55
admit, and must continue in it the whole campaign. I am etc.
[N.Y.H.S.]
CONWAY
19, 1777.
Wood's,
6th.
Magaw's,
9th. Morris's
A SENSITIVE
1777]
FRENCHMAN
89
an unassembled and
detached Situation cannot be drawn into a collective body imThese Regiments, being
at present in
it is
nec-
such parts of
it
as are
upon
it
56
your
letter
May
by Monsr. Malmady.
19, 1777.
I
am
sorry
some of the Gentlemen promoted by Congress render themselves unhappy, either by forming in their minds, the most
groundless suspicions of neglect, or torturing themselves by an
provided
for, so
at the
promotions of others.
and design,
that
you should be
of our language, to
stances
my wish
make you
would admit.
When
fit
for
last, I
told you,
Should
This was
this
all I
have
The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
90
[May
and
rewarded according to
his deserts,
Yet
who
The
in
think
their views.
seal, after
at Princeton.
am etc. 57
To ROBERT MORRIS
Head Quarters, Morris Town, May
19, 1777.
me.
in
claim to
it,
mendation.
I
men;
as
to
which proposal
much
formed.
as possible
I
fit
cious choice,
text
readily assented, as
wished to avoid
"The
is
officers, as
under him,
and have
many as he
left it to
him, to
as I confide in his
as
making
a judi-
can approve.
ARMAND'S CORPS
1777]
He
me
appears to
Gentleman, and
I flatter
am etc.
young
him.
91
civilities
that
may
be shown
58
fill
19, 1777.
Sir:
to
May
promote the
Colerus's rank,
sion
I
and the
am
who
is
is
service
to be
and do Honour
I trust,
to himself. Monsr.
59
etc.
COLONEL
CHARLES ARMAND-TUFFIN 60
To LIEUTENANT
Sir:
Desirous
possible,
power
of acquiring
Honour,
in
my
you made
easily,
M In
BB
00
it,
others.
Any French
The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
92
their present
Commissions; Or
if
you
like
it
better,
[May
you have
Lieutenants Commissions.
by order of Congress or
phia.
61
here62
to.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
The Commander
Countersign Zealand.
Parole Yorkshire.
stationed at Out-Posts,
do not come
it;
to Morristown, but
and in
when
possible expedition.
all
as such.
business
officers of
to,
when the
employed
district
may be known.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Alexandria.
81
No
02
The
1777.
Countersign Bedford.
May 20,
Weedon; and
is
is
and obeyed
as such.
RANK ADJUSTMENT
1777]
Lewis Woodruff
63
Esqr.
is
93
Master.
ter
of
day of April,
inclusive,
pretensions thereto, of
that
upon the
and make
Major Genl.
commanding their division: That should there be any instance
the rank of
a full,
and
all
and
parties complaining,
with
all their
attendant
cir-
who
shall call before them all the parties interested, inquire into then-
claims,
make
63
and
(if
a special,
Of the Fourth
and particular
New
Jersey Regiment.
report, to their
He
Major Generals.
retired in February,
777.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
94
Upon
receipt of
which
[May
mine the rank in the army Until which time, it is expected, the
:
himself to his Country, and to the promotion he thinks himself intitled to.
64
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Morris Town,
Dear
Sir: I this
May 20,
1777.
and
refer
you
upon the
I shall
self
upon most
fully instructed
it
Subjects of
Kills,
my
it
so par-
wish to
it.
lately
doubt
can be done.
w Lieuts.
William Clark and William Norcross, of the Third New Jersey Regiment,
May 19, 1777, because of a rank controversy. Washington
refused to accept them, and Lieut. Col. John Fitzgerald wrote the lieutenants that the
General "would remind you that this is the worst time a Young Gentleman could
chuse for leaving the Service, as the Campaign must open in a short time, and your
reasons, though they may appear satisfactory to yourselves, will not (in all probability)
have the same weight with the publick." Clark and Norcross remained in the service.
Clark was severely wounded at Germantown, Pa., and did not return to the army.
Norcross resigned Nov. 1, 1777.
sent in their resignations
CONCENTRATION OF ARMY
1777]
The
95
and the Frigates and Gondolas so material for the purpose, they
must be manned out of the Army, till other Seamen can be
procured, and at advanced pay,
From
if
necessary.
it
appears, Congress
were under
a mistake respecting the distance at which the provision Magazines should be placed
and
therefore, shall
from the
River.
wholy confide
am
equally ignorant
is
and
If
down.
If
earliest steps to
I shall
them
adopt the most expeditious method to cloath them, after receiving your answer.
Massachusetts.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
96
[May
I shall
the papers.
I
that can
consideration,
Enemy
promote
their
adopt
it.
am
will
66
etc.
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
Sir: I
of your Governor,
taining
two
1777.
My
which
From some late accounts, I have good reason to believe that the
Enemy do not expect an early reinforcement from Europe, it is
therefore their business to prevent a junction of our
in their power.
One way
Army
by
of doing this
all
the
is,
day's
diffi-
from Congress, I must repeat my directions to you, to forward on every man, as fast as they are raised
and equipped, I mean those who have had the small pox. I
80
In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The original text was kindly furnished
bv Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach.
RETURNS REQUESTED
1777]
97
think you
have not,
as the Sultry
month
of July.
shall be very
happy
set in
before the
attempt to
fill
wished for
success.
General Putnam,
who
will
command
at
Peeks Kill, can inform you what number of Troops can be ac-
am &ca. 67
To BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM
MAXWELL
1777.
gade.
returns
them
are
and Men
where they
who are
them
specify
what Hospital,
because by comparing the return of Sic\ Absent, with the returns that are
very
much
if
pay
is
drawn
for Sick
Absent who do not exist. You will please to comply strictly and
expeditiously with the General order of this day, respecting
Settling the ranks of the Officers of your Brigade.
87
The
68
am &ca. 69
is
^The same
letter
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
98
[May
To CHEVALIER DE BORRE
Head Quarters, Morris Town, May 20,
Sir:
1777.
from the
* 70
State of Maryland. * *
You will forthwith repair to Princeton, and join Major General Sullivan.
71
To JAMES MEASE
Head
Sir: I
Quarters, Morris
am favoured with
Town, May
20, 1777.
am in-
formed, that Colo. Moylan has provided Frocks for his Men,
this
which
had
to their
if so,
Uniform. But
Clothing.
making preparation for them. I am informed there are about two thousand of
them. I beg you will, every now and then, call upon the Secret
72
Committee and know what Accounts they have from abroad;
if they are not frequently put in mind of our wants, they will
every kind of necessary, you will therefore be
am etc. 73
70
Brig.
letter to
STRENGTH OF ARMY
1777]
To
Sir: Inclosed I
so particularly
by which
May 21,
1777.
made
74
Jersey.
It is
of each Corps.
out,
had
it
I
I
it
99
have &c.
P. S. I
our
Numbers
face
and
false
Strength.
75
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
May 21,
Parole Cambridge.
Countersign Dorchester.
(late
1777.
is
to be respected
and
obeyed as such.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Epsom.
May 22,
1777.
Countersign France.
is
may
hereafter; rer
quire. Viz:
74
The
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
100
The
ist., 5th.,
9th.
and
13th.
[May
State,
other division, to be
The
ist.,
3rd.
and
and 7th
Stephen.
that
from
Maryland
Sullivan.
The
ist.,
2nd., 7th.
command
of Brigadier
2nd., 3rd.
General
NEED OF ACTIVITY
1777]
101
(to be
is
also
To PRESIDENT JAMES
Head
Quarters, Morris
WARREN
76
Town, May
23, 1777.
Dear Sir: Your favor of the 4th. instant was duly handed me.
I
them as great exertions, and as a decisive evidence of your inclination to do every thing in your power to advance the Common
Cause. At the same time, whatever efforts have been, or can be
made, are not more than adequate to the exigency of our Situation. Tho' over sanguine and uninformed people may think differently, this is a most interesting and critical period, and will not
countenance the least want of Activity or attention in any quarter.
let
to believe,
motives,
it
Sister
put upon
it;
and, though
am ready
Selfish,
upon
more
liberal footing.
is
not a
little
Of Massachusetts.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
102
clearly of opinion,
it is
not
much
[May
to be apprehended.
It is
by
at least
till
It is
filled.
it
will
have a direct tendency to defeat your endeavours, for compleating your quota of the United Army and it would be the most
wretched policy to weaken the hands of the Continent, under
;
be well to consider,
how
far
it
is
It
would
put
it
out of your
on the
particular
it
also
might be
Army in
wherever they
its
the
Enemy, wherever
ined, that
if
it is
most
requisite.
It
cannot be imag-
it.
My duty, inclination,
me to it.What val-
uable end can then be answered to you, in the Step you propose
1777]
MASSACHUSETTS ACT
103
own;
as the
intirely its
local
and
common force.
see
no longer
expedient, or useful. This assurance I repeat; and I beg you will
communicate it in my name to them; earnestly recommending
it
passionate Survey of
all
Scheme. Indeed
Circumstances,
it
Sir,
will be
have already, on mature deliberation laid it aside, or on a reconsideration of the matter will coincide with
correct the mistake.
To
With
great regard
me in opinion, and
7T
respect, I am &c.
and
Sir: I
1777.
draft
is
in the writing of
Alexander Hamilton.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
104
Army were
compleat,
[May
should then
their State
is
Enemy and
very different,
last
it
importance to
us. I shall
we
en-
not trouble
to those, there
is
a detach-
78
give you
less
Mentioning
pain than
to
it, is,
When
those
from Massachusetts
my present intention
to post a respectable
an
Army
probable to effect
will oblige
ment
at so
it,
as
so will they.
If
to a point,
78
79
and
79
that
necessity,
of General Heath's,
founded in
which
CARE OF STORES
1777]
105
coming to Springfield, where they will be deposited in the Public Magazine, except such as will be immediately wanted for
the
it
in
they once
let out,
how
could
collect
them, or
how could
be
answerable for them to the States at large, they are not more
and
fit
is
far inferior to
convinced,
am
P. S. I
it.
reported
Expedition.
teen Ships
the offing.
is
how far
came
in at
it is
true
know not.
It is
226.
and more
in
80
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Caleb Gibbs.
18th.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
106
am
is
founded in the
to procure a supply,
strictest propriety.
and
shall avail
[May
myself of
it
in a suitable
manner.
Js.
Fisher
am etc.
81
82
Number is right.
Upon examining the Works thrown up by the Enemy about
as the
it,
not that
properly attended
quences; as
81
it
to,
good Conse-
NEED OF VEGETABLES
1777]
on
their duty,
107
Dissipation,
which
am &ca.
are
83
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Head
Dear
Sir: I
instant.
own
Quarters, Morris
same
and
Town, May
steadiness than
23, 1777.
Army
am
we
we
many
instances.
The health
moment; and
of the
it is
it.
Army
is
certainly
it
an object of the
last
cannot be preserved,
whatever maybe the expence; and I cannot excuse the Commissaries, for
this,
of this kind
from Albany,
as
Ere
had been
collected there
and
it.
articles
directions
this has
Commanding Officer
not
in that
what you want and he has in this way. At all events, vegetables must be had, if they can be gotten; and the price must
not be an insurmountable obstacle, though you are as fully
sensible, as I can be, of the necessity of Oeconomy and due care
to prevent imposition on the side of the Commissaries.
of
83
The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
108
[May
in the
modes
Army; in the mean time, I should be glad you would introduce an uniformity among those under your command; and
I would recommend it to you, to be particular attentive to
the
Of late
have broken
among us.
their paroles
and
and
delicacy
who remain
my observation, and
must
desire
reason
but
Dear
Sir:
By
13th. Instant. I
84
The
text
is
May 23,
am
sorry to find
1777.
SAFETY OF STORES
1777]
difficulties in raising
myself, in a
little
109
time will
all
I flatter
vering activity.
A Chaplain
is
see
make
and
choice of
am etc.
One who
HEATH
Morristown,
Dr.
14th. Instant.
dent to deposit
your
our Stores
at
Enemy
answer the
will
85
Two
it
May 23,
1777.
favors of nth.
and
Country to
unhappy events.
what he judges proper
places.
is
at, as it
The
tion of
is
in the collec-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
110
[May
from them will depend much upon the disfrom the Stores. If they are contiguous to, or in
Service derived
little, if
any,
Neighbouring
the place.
lic
from their duty, whilst they are receivbesides, if the Guards are not of the
it;
would
be an Additional strength to
where the
security of pub-
Men,
tial it is,
that
it
of the
you know Connecticut has applied for a part, and why will not
can't discriminate,
request, as that
1777]
am
may be
your exertions. The
111
The
I trust,
compleated.
by perseverance and
Prisoners returned
from
New
tion, I
mode
stracts,
demands the
specifying their
is
see
no
better
make up Ab-
that
is
due them,
due the
by Sickness
cause for
an Abstract by
their Officers,
and an
they had neither received their claims, nor were they compre-
hended or drawn
The Men
have men-
a great
after they
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
112
field,
Army
hope the
for
Laws
fatal a tend-
86
hope the
[May
more
more
severity or
Whoever attempts
United
States,
to satisfie the
is
a flagitious offender
demands
life,
by the
by the
is
am
chusetts Troops,
Cloathing. This
is
till
and by other
who
expected
it,
a circumstance that
Officers
reported to
want
me
of
dis-
by Genl. McDougal
have
after hearing of
have not any or but very few advantages, and those intercepted
by the Enemy's
fleet ? I
those
from your
^Lieut. Col.
Thomas
on May
26.
and
of procuring them,
cashiered
this respect
furnished.
wish to be
He was
CLOTHING
1777]
113
this instance,
P. S.
am &ca.
and mustered.
If
the State
my
for
87
[
ms. h. s. ]
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Goshen.
Countersign Hartford.
at Ash-Swamp,
on the 14th Inst, whereof Col Mathews 88 was President.
89
Ensign Gill of the 4th. Virginia Regiment, charged with
" Being absent from his regiment without leave, and neglect of
duty," found guilty of the charge; but in consideration of his
good character in the regiment, ordered to be reprimanded, at
the head of the regiment he belongs to, by the Colonel, or officer
90
"Neg-
arrest.
"
"In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The copy of this letter, in the Varick
Transcripts in the Library of Congress, is dated May 24, 1777.
88
Col. George Mathews, of the Ninth Virginia Regiment. He was wounded and
taken prisoner at Germantown, Pa.; exchanged in December, 1781; served to end
of the war.
89
Ensign Samuel
Gill.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
114
Lieut. Bradford
91
[May
his
(Pennsylvania) charged
and
sentence, to be suspended
'till
The
found
execution of the
further orders.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
May 24,
1777.
Countersign Kendal.
Parole Inverness.
is
in,
To
morrow morning.
Sir
to
1777.
after
a Person of abilities
I
appointment of
Post in the
first
instance,
and transmitting
at the
same time a
whom Congress had been pleased to mention, to be delivered him, in case my offer could not be accepted.
Letter for Colo. Lee,
He had
had
was induced
at
1777]
115
him
at first
That
Post.
ceived a Letter
When my Letter
rely.
offered,
Head
him
and assuring me
stating
who in
that he
Military Post, in
Here
Quarters.
comodate
could
and
consequence of it repaired to
was
of distinction
would
manner,
which he might be
in a
as to
little
come
serviceable
when
it
and thought
equal
to.
tice to
fill
it,
in favor of him,
whom he declared, he
Military character
and
that
among us.
command he
was in, I wrote Colo. Pickering on his return, who accepted the
circumstanced, and Colo. Lee pleased with the
me
to prefer Colo
derogating from the merits of Colo Lee, who holds a high place
in
my esteem,
gave
him
a preference,
and
I flatter
myself the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
116
his
Appointment,
lieu of one,
[May
especially as
and who
we
am per-
they move.
mand
in that Quarter,
when
stretched.
gress, that
it
may
be
^The report of Greene and others, dated May 17, 1777, is in the Washington Papers.
^The cables and boom were to support the chain which was stretched across the
Hudson. Some of the links of this chain have survived and are
Military Academy, West Point, N. Y.
at the
United States
HARRISON'S ARTILLERY
1777]
assigned to the
Command of the
light Horse, or
117
whether they
If
first, I
shall
immediately
name one
time
we
should
the 22d,
it is,
New York on
prevailed
is
dead of the
wound he received
in the
Dan-
bury expedition and one account is that Lieut. Colo. Walcot fell
in the
I
engagement
at Ridgefield.
know how
don't
94
be depended on;
It
to be, &ca.
P. S.
be raised,
95
Regiment of Ar-
it.
But
if
they had
96
Quarters, Morris
WEBB
1777.
"In
George Lewis.
Hanson Harrison;
the draft
is
in that of Harrison
and
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
118
coming under
in your next
[May
and furnish
To CHARLES
field. I
am etc. 97
THOMSON
226. Ulto.
1777.
requesting the
approved by them.
Those papers,
the hands of
if
not
Genl Greene
as they
who drew up
Bland,
left
He had
kept
which
sent to Congress,
I
and on which
98
am etc.
certified
99
Sir:
renders
87
it
necessary that
should
call
away
the Continental
PROTECTION OF COUNTRY
1777]
119
all
repeat
my request,
am etc.
Dear
was in my power to protect every Town, and every individual
on this wide extended Continent; this, however, is a pleasure
that never can be realized, and as our dispersed Situation, is
neither formidable for defence, or Offence, it becomes me to
place the Continental Troops in such a manner as to answer
a more valuable purpose than to give the Shadow (for it is no
Sir:
is
my
other Posts,
The text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
120
[May
Men we
al-
if
Armies, to afford
much
is
too
much
if
drained by both
if
as
it
best,
under the
cir-
cumstances he
is
When
you were
1777.
at this place
might expect
to see
tain the least Suspicion, after this assurance, that so long a space
would have elapsed, and that at the end of it the event would be
as remote for any thing I should know, as ever. I find myself
utterly at a loss to conceive the reasons of your delay, and silence
as to
what you
are doing
high time
The
text
is
it is
1777]
121
list
am etc.
by surprise or not at
which would
all,
if
the
embark
number
as a
more
method of joining the Army under my immediate command; to cover this the better, a number of Waggons might be
ditious
The
text
On May
Reed
there, as
please in
it is
agreeable to
my name inform
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
122
[May
your Baggage.
Men so near them would put them too much upon their guard,
cou'd not Troops be embarked at Peeks Kill under pretence
the works,
and
and when
execution.
let
me know
* Putnam's response
(June i) was rather vague but amounted to a statement that he
did not then have a sufficient number of boats. His letter is in the Washington Papers.
DESERTIONS
1777]
sent,
123
am etc.
P. S. If the
the deserters
From
the
uncommon
1777.
first
and principal
made
inquiry should be
step
it
and
as the practice
exists in a
men complain
and are
towards preventing
ill
is
occa-
must
desire
Regiment
is
of doing justice,
may
infected.
if
This
may
give us an Opportunity
and
whole Army. You will be circumselecting Officers of integrity and discernment to com-
N.
B.
it
will probably be
am etc.
There are
several prisoners
now under
confinement,
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
124
restraint
[May
operation to truth.
free
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
Dear
came
Sir:
safe
instt. is
I
it is
almost a matter of
is
no intention
them out
and
an Invasion of some of the Sea Port Towns of
Connecticut, one of the most important posts in America, a
post on the security of which alone, depends the Intercourse
of the State they are raised in;
possible evil of
is left
for the
Kill
instt.,
know of, that have yet joined the Army, from Nine Regiments
shall
Point.
1777]
125
the Tories.
Upon
these conditions
they
move on without delay towards Peeks Kill and allow you suffiand you, under due consideration of
Circumstances, deem it practicable to destroy the Teams,
which you
is
what
own Judgment,
consult upon
with
it
said, I
Kind
the steps of
it,
which
chance of success.
To
have here
mark
am etc. 8
Sir: I
It is
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
126
Your
inability to grant
and,
[May
them,
when I examine
matters
and
upon
my
a large
requisition has
more
where
more weight
readily granted,
think,
it
will not, in
I
draw
when
its
consequences, be injurious to
and 23d.
tion, will
for
my
why we
reasons,
and which,
I trust,
should
upon considera-
at
semble
such,
all
but As-
Howe to employ
On the other hand,
his together, or to
whilst the Quotas from the Several States are so extremely deficient, should they
etc.
me that two
draft
is
Hanson Harrison.
half,
and the
CORRECT RETURNS
1777]
left
127
am etc. 10
SMALLWOOD
of your Brigade,
to
it,
it is
Officer
of any
tals,
1777.
command
and
see that
done.
the Establishment,
and
is
taking to compleat
it
to
see that
time, or the
account
in
is
naming
the Hospitals
The
text
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
128
Killed,
[May
action, or
if
wilfull.
late,
endeavor to
accounted
Care.
for,
like,
not only for the sake of appearances, but for the Benefit
of their Health.
Improve
all
may
have from
which is of infinitely more Importance than learning them the Manual Exercise. Cause the Officers to attend
regularly, and perform their part of these duties with the Men.
You are not to accept the Resignation of any Commissioned
Officer; but upon a Vacancy happening in any Regiment in
your Brigade, you may consult the field Officers thereof, and
their Legs,
fit
person to supply
the deficiency till a Commission however is granted, or approbation given in General Orders, such person
in the returns, or
Pay Roll.
is
not to be included
VICE TO BE DISCOURAGED
1777]
You
made up and
Brigade, to be
Month,
in the
Regiment
deposited at the
End
129
in your
of every
this
Strict attention is
manner of doing
it.
The Experience
Absurdity of
into
Waggons,
Lame.
Men
is
evil,
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole Louisiana.
It
Countersign Menden.
Lord
command
and
u In
Genl.
Conway
takes
the writing of Caleb Gibbs. The original is in the United States Military
at West Point, N. Y.
This letter, as a circular, was sent also to Brig. Gens. Preudhomme de Borre,
Anthony Wayne, John Philip De Haas, George Weedon, Peter Muhlenberg, William
Academy
Woodford, Charles
Scott,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
130
[May
And
his brigade.
Jersey regiments,
is
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown,
Parole
Normandy.
Countersign Oporto.
'till
as Artillery
Men, under
in
Lieut.
further orders.
Morris Town,
Dear
Sir: I
Army
fortune of this
Camp.
It is
when
to get the
Commissary General
accomplished
phia;
wanted.
27, 1777.
it,
to this place,
and had
him
scarce
to Philadel-
and
mode you
two ends
will be
Town,
New
answered by
it.
PRISONERS
1777]
tier to
ful attack
ds
12
131
this
York,
among
at
New
them were
and had
got Forage on board; the rest designed for Troops, Stores and
Provisions, Philadelphia the destination talked of;
last
That he un-
with Troops
of.
he met with
at Bullions
Herewith you
P. S.
this. I
him
am etc.
will receive
Offi-
tion
which please
to have delivered.
13
The
inclosed
is
Copy
1777.
Copy
May 28,
perceive,
by referring to the
demand
for
mine of
an equal num-
us.
As
12
Hamilton
Congress.
is
filed
with
this letter
from Washington
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
132
General
[May
upon the Subject, and Congress are fully possessed of it, having
received transcripts of every paper respecting it; I wish them to
take the matter under their earliest consideration, and to inform
me, as soon as they can, Whether the grounds on which it has
particularly stated in
is,
The
other Objection to
were not
fit
Subjects of
from the
return as
them;
list.
Good
many of
faith
theirs at least, as
mean, such
as could
we received
we
should
effectives
from
it may be said,
hands, at present, will have greater security, by our retaining
them, and that Genl Howe, will be less apt to relinquish any
ished by an Exchange.
in this business; But
this application,
the Inclosed
is,
Copy
confess, I
what
is
more
in our
am
Hands
under great
is
dimin-
difficulty
paragraph of
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS
1777]
Prisoners
133
ingly." This
is
really at a loss
what
interpretation to give
it.
me more
(This appears to
pected)
Or
that
if
am
Whether he
I
advise
the previous
demand
is
not answered, in a
shall consider
How
them &c.
Commanders may adopt these Measures, remains to be known; I have only mentioned them as they respect
far they or their
my Letter. 15
Notwithstanding
my recom-
strict retaliation.
not,
As I have
doubt
situation
is
far
was introduced into Parliament in February by the British ministry, enaKing to "detain and secure persons charged with, or suspected of, high
treason, committed in North America, or on the high seas, or of piracy." The purpose
of the measure was practically to suspend the habeas corpus privilege to all suspected
persons to be apprehended, and to confine as prisoners of war prisoners taken from
the "rebels," and in the act of piracy. After a long debate the bill was passed with
some amendments in the House, and met with no opposition in the Lords, the Earl of
Abingdon alone entering a protest. Ford.
bill
bling the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
134
[May
To
Sir:
saw no prospect
1777.
Supernumerary
of the three
lately by the
and given them the priviledge of the additional bounty; I had ordered Colo. Henly on
to Camp, with a view of providing for him in some other Capacity. I consider him as too Valuable an Officer to permit him
till
was a more
as
my
place. I
and dispatch.
I
it
it
recommend him
all
to the particular
demand.
am etc. 17
Dear
Sir:
the 15th.,
From your
my answer of
Camp 'ere now;
and
in
"In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison; the draft, in that of Richard Kidder
Meade, does not include the last two paragraphs.
In Judge E. A. Armstrong's collection is a short note in Hamilton's writing, signed
by Washington, dated May 28, and addressed, presumably, to Robert Morris, informing that he is just setting off for Bound Brook and forwards letters from General Lee
and others, received by flag of truce, from the British lines.
"The draft is in the writing of George Lewis.
MORRISTOWN GUARDS
1777]
If
135
you are not detained on Business, that is materially interestI wish you to join me immediately. I
morning.
am
came Yesterday
18
etc.
Your detachment
is
to
remain
at
Guard
OLNEY
Morris
now
here,
you are to
man-
Endeavour,
Works
it is
upon
as far as
already begun
it,
that
the
Town,
it,
us.
18
To JOSEPH TRUMBULL
Morris Town,
Dear
May 28,
1777.
should repair to
Camp
we
18
text
is
At
this
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
136
[May
plies for
others,
it,
or
it
must
disperse.
This
is
an object superior to
all
and you
instant departure.
am etc.19
moment
Quarters, Morris
your favour of
1777.
enemy on
known by me
as early as possible.
am
strongly appre-
upon
my
it.
For this purpose you will concert a plan with Col Foreman, or
:
the
Commanding officer
some of the
inhabitants,
upon
You had
which you
recommend this mode in preference to employing light horse men; because those inhabitants will know the
country better than they, and may be more depended upon
than perhaps many of them. I am informed a great part of
speed to me.
would be eminently
The
text
is
required.
fidel-
QUARTERMASTER MATTERS
1777]
wrote to you
137
this
all
from the usual where they will be in the greatest danbeing intercepted. They must be made to take a more
different
ger of
Western course,
light horse
as
am well
have been
as far as Somerset
have
it
lest
much
my
letter
should be immediately
ill
consequence.
of
to this place.
20
[n. h.h. sj
May 29,
1777.
ter General's
Dear Sir
and
Assistants
is left
to you, subject to
my
approbation.
As
must suppose, that you will appoint none, but such as are Sufficiently qualified for their respective Offices, I hope I shall not
be under the disagreeable necessity of putting a negative upon
Solicitation of
any persons
you would not think fully competent, were you left to the
exercise of your own judgment. I know it is often hard to
withstand such Sollicatations, but the good of the Service and
that
late
is
it.
Genl. Sullivan
in that of
Washington.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
138
Army, and
but as
so,
desires
my
have
it
my opinion,
is
to a
confirmation.
I
[May
is
Office.
He
is
it.
mined
till
to have kept
was as much
or rather
To
Sir: I this
27th with
I shall
its
am &ca. 21
pay the
mitted me;
it.
strictest attention to
The
recollect,
text
is
course of last
1777]
year, to
139
mode
it
would not
do,
and the
think a
Good
one,
intended to write to
it
by the
Opportunity.
panies
You
Nothing of importance
etc.
this, to
Genl. Reed.
which accom-
22
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
1777.
you
my sincere thanks to Lt. Colo. Meigs and all the Officers and
Men engaged in it. 23 This enterprise, so fortunate in the execution, will greatly distress the
22
Enemy
in the important
and
In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison; the draft, in that of Richard Kidder
Meade, does not have the P. S.
23
Lieut. Col. Return Jonathan Meigs embarked from New Haven, Conn., on the
21st of May, with 234 men in 13 whaleboats for Guilford on Long Island Sound. He
sailed from Guilford on May 23, about 1 o'clock in the afternoon, with 170 men,
under convoy of two armed sloops, and crossed the sound to Southold, where he
arrived at 6 o'clock. The British force on that part of the island had marched for
New York two days before, but there was a party at Sag Harbor, on the south branch
of the island, and about 15 miles distant. The whaleboats were transported overland
to the bay, between the north and south branches of the island, 130 men embarked,
and at midnight they arrived within 4 miles of Sag Harbor. Here the boats were
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
140
and
reflects
[May
much Honor on
those
shall ever be
the time.
that
and the
Fortifications in the
it
at this time.
The
passes
last
im-
will be understood, in a
is
Troops will admit, I shall with great pleasure post a part, about
the White plains, Stamford &ca., and give every protection I
can to Connecticut, consistent with the general Interest; but
till
tify
me in sparing Men.
am etc. 25
secured in a wood under a guard, and the detachment marched to the harbor, where
they arrived at 2 a. m. An armed schooner of 12 guns began firing upon them from
a distance of 150 yards, but could not prevent the troops from destroying 12 brigs
and sloops, one an armed vessel with 12 guns; 120 tons of hay, corn, oats; 10 hogsheads of rum; and a large quantity of merchandise. Six of the enemy were killed
and 90 taken prisoners. The Americans had no men killed or even wounded, and
returned to Guilford at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the 24th. Congress voted a
sword to Lieutenant Colonel Meigs for the "prudence, activity, enterprise, and valor"
with which this expedition had been conducted. (See Journals of the Continental
Congress, June 25, 1777.)
24
No further mention of Sergeant Ginnings is found in the Washington Tapers.
There are three Ginnings, or Ginning, mentioned in the lists of Connecticut men in
the Revolution: Daniel and Stephen Ginnings are given as privates in the Fourth
Connecticut Regiment in 1780, and Joseph Ginning, jr., is on the list of those who
were paid bounties in 1777. All of them are listed as from Windham, Conn.
25
The text is from the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress.
CAMP PROTECTION
1777]
141
you should
May 29,
1777.
to assign
One
Horse.
mean, that
am etc. 27
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook,
Parole Andover.
May 29,
1777.
28
Major Ryan, who has done the duty of the Adjutant General, for some days past, is now excused from that service.
coming
countermanded, or
camp, be observed in
to
alter'd
full force,
'till
by him.
them
to act in concert,
Major Genl.
The detached state of the Army, has heretofore render'd it exdifficult to communicate the orders of the Commander
tremely
26
27
The
The
resolve of
May
27, 1777.
is
28
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
142
and
forth, the
which,
if
He
will render
flatters
the
good of the
He
service,
and
it
necessary
not produce;
[May
to all orders,
a principle of honor,
do
determined to enforce.
is
must
cease; those
is
The
committed, to send a
file
of
men,
to seize
the offenders.
The commanding
pay-abstracts immediately
all
made
out,
have their
ist.
of
MayAfter that
with.
The Brigade Majors are to attend the Adjutant General, precisely at the
Two
Commander
Adju-
tant General.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook,
Parole Dover.
May 30,
1777.
do which with
ease,
he
is
to
have an Assistant with each brigade. Provisions are to be delivered to regimental Quarter Masters only, or to a commissioned
officer
Quarter Master
when
no
1777]
non-commissioned
officer
143
may
not suffer in case of any sudden all, to any particular duty The
men
and
The General
is
it,
prevented.
command
under the
which was
vessels, loaded with one hundred and twenty ton of pressed for-
age,
articles,
enemy
may
vessel of 12
Guns;
is
now
collected,
and
The General
takes occasion,
to declare to
strictly
guishing those, by
their bravery, and
his rewards,
make
a point of distin-
good behaviour
prisoners
who
shall
sit
be brought before
it.
trial
of
All Evidences
to attend.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
144
[May
are to be
AFTER ORDERS.
it is
ex-
move
will be ready to
at
same time.
Brigadiers
commanding
cers of regiments,
their officers,
and
brigades,
corps, are to
and commanding
pay
strict
Offi-
attention to see
with ammunition.
Sir: Inclosed
their force
from
New
it
29
is,
My principal
that
You
1777.
drawing
May 30,
the facts
if
my
Letter of
I would
from a consideration of all circumstances, and the information you have on the Subject, you
judge it practicable and likely to be attended with success. If it
the 25th.
can be effected,
it
it,
unless
most
beneficial
Consequences.
29
move against New York, should the British move, as Washington suspected,
against Philadelphia. By Washington's orders Hamilton wrote to Capt. Francis Grice,
Assistant
boats in the
of. all
the
TENT SUPPLY
1777]
You
145
spects yourself.
Whether
is
it
re-
useful, as
we
know that too many Tories infect the Country and may, unless
guarded against, find Opportunities of seizing those who are
Enemy's resentment, and whom they could wish
objects of the
to
have taken
off. I
am etc. 30
Dear Sir
it
sive of Princeton, which are so many more than are necessary for
I shall cause an exact Scrutiny to be made,
and see what Regiments have drawn more than their Share.
have
this
the
soon
know whether
Philadelphia
will let
full
account of our
If
intentions of
is
the object.
And
we must
as a
few
any material
alterations
happen
Major Lutterloh,
journey; but
31
who got
a fall
from
his Carriage
upon the
have
it
in
and
30
Spirit. I
am etc. 32
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
146
[May
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Head Quarters, May 31,
Dear
Sir: I last
1777.
Your
own.
shall not
be disappointed,
if
my
long
know
since,
their
number
to be
much more
considerable
Sixty
Thousand Dollars
Foster
I
83
add, that
am etc. 84
To
Sir: I this
which Doctor
fleet,
is
consisting
hundred Sail, left New York and stood out to Sea. Whither
known.
Howe's
If
first object, I
33
Dr. Isaac Foster. He was deputy director general of hospitals, Eastern Department; retired in October, 1780; died Feb. 27, 1782.
84
The text is from the Varick Transcripts in the Library of Congress.
BRITISH REENFORCEMENTS
1777]
against Philadelphia,
and
if
it
may
147
liberty of
destination should be
would keep
Should
it
which
it
was given.
am
convinced
this will
be
much
till
it,
Enemy: by pursuing
this
mode
they will
These
hints,
it
may
want of
less
be added, that
liberty to suggest
and
York with Troops, supposed to be Foreign, from their Uniform. Whether they are immediately from Germany, or those
148
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
who were
in Canada,
is
a matter of Conjecture.
[May
Some have
and
their present
weak
It is
to
my Letter
and
by any means
am persuaded, no exertions
To
on the Subject
and
desirable event.
35
subject; but
find,
an Idea
command
shall
is
an
have
of the Artillery.
between Du Coudray and Silas Deane on Sept. n, 1776, by which he was to accompany the stores to America and receive the title of general of artillery and engineers,
with the rank of major general in the Continental Army. Between the date of the
agreement and Du Coudray's arrival in America serious difficulties arose through his
imperious temper and his misunderstandings of the relations of Beaumarchais and
Comte de Vergennes. Du Coudray's memorials and letters to Congress prejudiced
that body against the work of Beaumarchais and made easier the work of the antiDeane faction in bringing about his recall. Though an officer of undoubted ability,
his accidental drowning in the Schuylkill River (Sept. 17, 1777) relieved the American Army of a difficult problem of rank adjustment.
DU COUDRAY'S POSITION
1777]
almost innumerable
the department he
difficulties in
am persuaded, would
fills,
him the
Honor. He,
149
has
greatest
an Event take
be too
much
would
and such
ills,
as
Important Department.
this
is
of great difficulty,
and which in
my
Opinion
is
May
him
to
mendations
we have had
of high character,
fesses;
he
of him,
am
obliged to esteem
delicacy
him
mentioned to
is
satisfle this
us,
must be used
it
the
appears, that
manner
much
in
which
address and
to conciliate Matters.
would only
serve,
much
propriety,
whether so
on the
may be questioned
important a Command, as
with
ob-
it
have taken
Hanson Harrison.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
150
[May
1777.
38
who is much
As
it
comes from a
in the confidence of
Island.
different Quarters.
But
do not place
so
upon
in agitation,
it
of opinion, that
taking
and
it
rather
at
any
am
rate,
Troops
Carriages.
immediately
arrives?
and
if
Philadelphia.
they do move,
It is true,
but
attack
if
by land;
Army in contemplation,
SS
you an extract of a
inclose
Sullivan,
are
Hands.
39
if
gone out
A
copy of
the
two India
to Sea, I
letter,
Ships,
with Washington's
letter in the
Papers of the
Continental Congress.
SB
The
extract
letter in the
is
filed
with Washington's
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777]
151
as if a
by land was intended, for they will never Send their Ships long
before their Troops. These you will please to observe, are
mere
would wish to
profit by every piece of intelligence, and be prepared to ward
off every danger that threatens. I would therefore recommend,
that
passage of the
rope
is
uncertain.
You
fallen
down.
he likewise mentions
Southward, Philadelphia
I
is
if
they stand
intelligence,
which
have &ca.
40
42
41
McDougall's
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
152
[May
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook,
May 31,
1777.
Parole Guilford.
made, to the
ness,
several regiments,
to
alert-
march, on a
sudden emergency
bation in
must be
prescribed in
movements
of this kind,
on which the
success of
it
all
superfluous baggage,
than can be spared, consistent with the good of the service; and
must be
lost in
mouths
of officers
is
this
Nor
it
it
orders, the
supported by truth.
It is
much
practice of profane
Swearing
is
and scandalous
PROFANE SWEARING
1777]
American Army
153
As
mean to abolish
Brigadiers
this,
species of
immoral-
ity
By a return from
it
appears,
some corps
mander
The
Com-
The General
Martial, held at
Spotswood
43
Boundbrook the
21st. Inst,
whereof Colo.
was president
Thomas Edwards of the 7th. Virginia Regt. tried for "Sleeping on his post"
sentenced to receive 50
lashes.
Evan Loyd
ceive 25 lashes.
Aaron Apply
on
his
post"
soldier,
to receive 50
3rd Pennsylva.for "Desertion, and threatening to desert"to receive 100
post"
lashes.
Dennis Myers
lashes.
Edward Banker of the same Regt., and for the same Crime
acquitted.
43
Oct. 9, 1777.
He
resigned on
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
154
Thomas Murphy
[May
receive 50 lashes.
44
ioth. Pennsylv:
for "Desertion,"
his Colonel.
Jeffries
Connol of the
to
receive 25 lashes.
to receive 25 lashes.
8th.
ac-
quitted.
Those Sentences
instance, in
is
remitted.
The brigades on the right and left, front and rear of the camp,
are to establish small guards, of one Subaltern, one Corporal
and eight Privates, in all the passes leading to the camp, in order
to prevent Soldiers from straggling, and the Country people
come
from the
nearest Briga-
who
cannot give
daily.
DRILL ORDERS
1777]
155
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
of some
officers;
i,
1777.
Parole Dublin.
The General
is
be invariably ob-
apprehensive they
he thinks
it
not on
officers,
Once
and
orderly.
collectively
at least,
its
Brigadier
The most
officers,
not on
own duty,
and to see that the men do theirs The Field Officers to exercise
their regiments themselves, and in their absence the Captains;
and not
leave
it
The General
and
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
156
He forbids the continuance of on any pretence whatWhoever shall be found a mile from camp, unless on duty,
camp
ever
[June
it
As there is a necessity for the Army to rise, and turn out every
morning at Revellie-beating they ought to go to rest early
All lights must be put out at 9 o'clock in the evening, and every
frequently
to take up
and
themselves,
its
environs
all
all
ing to them.
The commanding
corps
officers of
who may
it,
in
complying with
it.
*To
men.
Dear Brother:
think
^This letter
and 10.
is
45
1777.
left
blank.
Ford prints
it
that have
between June
SMALLPOX INOCULATION
1777]
am now
157
this State,
and those
late;
it,
at this place
is
and
their object,
Delaware a number
of
flat
form a Bridge with. But appearances are deceiving, false colours are often thrown out to mislead or bewilder; this may be
the case
I
now.
Enemy
more
Howes
inactivity,
at
As prest. I could say things that would rather surprize you but the uncertain conveyance of Letters makes it
imprudent to entrust things to them that you would wish to
conceal from the Enemy. The different States must fall upon
some decisive measures to compleat their Regiments or no one
can say what the consequences will be.
I hope I may congratulate you and my Sister on her happy
recovery from the Small Pox, together with your Children; the
tripled them.
loss
my
felt
Brother
Sam
nothing;
I fear,
be very sensibly
to
me
to be
Lund. In
short,
many
this
Army has
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
158
Art necessary to
is
neither
[June
more nor
may
Inoculate with as
much
less
Woman
and
diet,
order
communicated
is
the natl.
disorder, or
may
Walnut
bark,
and
my own People
(not
is
less I
is
firmly believe,
it
by following these
ued. If I was a
for a
my last Letter, of the Destruction of some of our Stores at Danbury is true in part; but trifling in comparison of what you have
heard.
abt. the
we
same number of
(last years)
Porke and
loss
Pressd Hay,
side of the
Danbury
Enemy; on our
Affair
few killed,
DU COUDRAY'S EXPECTATIONS
1777]
159
lost less
rest of the
am, &c.
HENRY LEE
To RICHARD
Middlebrook, June
1,
1777.
mean by
few
private letters
their, I
my
am obliged
me to
it is
am
to
applications to Congress,
by
if I
D'Coudrey.
which
if
mean foreigners'
You
did not
demands.
What his real expectations are, and what his agreeI know not; but I fear, if his appoint-
ment
is
equal to what
is
his expectation,
which the
salvation of the
it
will
army depends,
to a foreigner,
who
has no other tie to bind him to the interests of this country than
honour,
D'Coudrey
at the
head of the
artillery,
who
is
you will
a
man
of great military
ducted the
with honor
if
He has con-
to himself, and
any one
is
put over
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
160
him.
46
[June
strength,
which seems
to be
hit
upon
no chance
of doing
it.
to his,
with the
loss of
'"When the report reached camp that Congress had appointed Du Coudray a major
general in the American Army and that he was to take command of the artillery,
Generals Greene, Sullivan, and Knox each wrote to Congress a laconic epistle, requesting that, should the fact be so, they might have permission to retire from the
army. Greene's letter read:
"Camp at Middlebrook, July i, 1777.
"Sir:
report
Gentleman,
is
"Nath. Greene."
Sullivan and Knox were similar and in nearly the same language.
Congress, on the report from John Adams, resolved, July 7: "That the President
transmit to General Washington copies of the several letters from Generals Sullivan,
Greene, and Knox to Congress, with directions to him to let these officers know that
Congress consider the said letters as an attempt to influence their decisions, and an
invasion of the liberties of the people, and indicating a want of confidence in the
justice of Congress; that it is expected by Congress, the said officers will make proper
acknowledgments for an interference of so dangerous a tendency; but, if any of those
officers are unwilling to serve their country under the authority of Congress, they
shall be at liberty to resign their commissions and retire."
John Adams wrote to General Greene (July 7) "I never before took hold of a Pen
to write to my Friend General Green, without Pleasure, but I think myself obliged to
do it now upon a Subject that gives me a great deal of Pain. The Three Letters
from Generals Sullivan, Green and Knox, have interrupted the Deliberations of Congress, and given many of the Members of it much Uneasiness. They thought themselves bound, in Honour and Justice, to the great Body of People who they represent,
to pass the Resolution which, before this Letter reaches you, will be communicated to
The
letters of
you by General Washington. The Contract between Mr. Deane and Monsr. De Couis not yet decided upon. It is in itself one of the most delicate, and perplexing
Transactions that has ever fallen in our Way: but those three Letters instead of reNot one Member of Congress
lieving Us has only increased our Mortification.
dared to justify the Letters, very few could say a word in Mitigation or Excuse.
Some were even for dismissing all three of you instantly from the service, other for
ordering you to Philadelphia, under arrest to answer for this offence." (See Burnett's
Letters of Members of Congress, vol. 2, p. 404.) Eliphalet Dyer wrote to Joseph
Trumbull that if the generals had written to friends in Congress and so brought the
matter to attention "no offence would have been taken." (See Burnett's Letters of
Members of Congress, vol. 2, p. 405.) The specter of military domination was really
behind the reaction, and though Sullivan, Greene, and Knox were not tactful they
certainly had grounds for distrusting Congress in this matter of rank.
dray,
NEED OF TROOPS
1777]
arms;
this
161
them the propriety of offering something back by way of counteraction, but have received no answer; and this, being frequently the case, leaves
suspense,
If
is
some
mode
is
not devised to
fill
me.
relieve
the regiments,
it
army with
the troops
we
have,
by enlistments.
it is
the report,
ing the
sick,
and
to
prevails to the
remark upon
it
southward concern-
in the gazettes.
am, &c.
47
Sir: I
have
now
in the latter,
at
before
me
i,
1777.
it
transmitted before in a
In respect to the
will have
at
Morris
Town.
I
tity
Fort Montgomery.
and contiguous
occasionally
to the Fort,
drawn; but
from whence
if it is
it
can be
easily
and
any means should fall into the Enemy's hand's, the misfortune
47
The
text
respondence.
is
from the Memoir of the Life of Richard Henry Lee and His Cor-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
162
[June
Whenever
the
Enemy
am etc. 48
HEATH
i,
1777.
Dear Sir: I have your favour of the 19th. May. Genl. De Coulast night and set off this morning for Phila-
but as he
is
are,
cannot
in his profession,
Military Stores,
do not
really
is,
but
if
there
removed,
as the
most valuable
article,
made
first
after-
directly to
my directions
am etc. 49
"The
49
[ms.h.s.]
ASSEMBLING MILITIA
1777]
163
Dear
Sir:
i,
1777.
yesterday
to
Militia
Assemble and give their Assistance, provided the Enemy attempt to march thro' the Country, which they intend to do
from
all
our
late accounts.
Lincoln
this
morning.
their light
us, of this
at
Horse in Green,
our Officers
Enemy have
Clothed some of
those
most earnestly
desire that
is
your Tents,
at a
and
that
off that
and
absolutely necessary
moments warning,
that
you may be
intirely
upon
may require.
dont
will fall
upon to
take an active part, what signal you will fix upon for them
to assemble. But I think if they will only agree to fall upon the
flanks of the Enemy upon their march, in small parties, without any regular order, they may harrass and impede them
very much. They may be informed, that the people in this
to collect the Militia, or
if
part of the State have acted with great Spirit since our
Army
has been
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
164
[June
Raway, which
I
our
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
mine of the
25th. Ultimo,
i,
1777.
scenes of ease
little
and
and
as I
till
who
am mor-
we
from
their
shall stand
demand
it.
is
am
51
etc.
To COLONEL HENRY
Head
Sir: I
BEEKMAN LIVINGSTON
1,
1777.
The
The
how
it is
Tench Tilghman.
draft
is
in the writing of
draft
is
OFFICERS' DISPUTES
1777]
165
collected
up the
matter,
think you
may
ion,
March
those for
in your favour.
my opin-
only give
am
party against
that
8th.
if
so,
because
if
It is
therefore
my wish
dis-
am etc. 52
Sir :
our to
find
that
"The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
166
[June
round upon our right flank, you will in that case dispatch
one Messenger immediately to me and another to Genl. Sullivan. Be careful to keep good Guards at the Bridges and
Fords near to you, lest you should be surprised.
Be pleased to forward the inclosed by a fresh Horseman,
53
and let the bearer return. I am etc.
To CAPTAIN FRANCIS
Head
Sir: I
WADE
i,
1777.
have yours in
Having
sent
line. I
am etc. 54
To JOHN LANGDON
Head
Sir: I
am
to find that
Stores
from Portsmouth.
am
16th.,
and
1,
1777.
am
glad
steps to
The
draft
is
"The
draft
is
'
in the writing of
in the writing of
BRITISH BARBARITY
1777]
167
moury allow
loss
of
it,
we
have
properly armed.
ing
all
lately
am
as they are
forward to Spring-
wanted.
am etc. 55
My Lord: It is
with
infinite regret, I
Wanton
recent exercise of
tenant Martin,
56
it
towards an unhappy
officer of ours,
Lieu-
my former representations
on that
subject,
wound
but
as
think
it
complaint.
B5
this event,
and
wish not to
57
fact
should
it
be doubted,
justice of
our
58
etc.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
168
To
Sir:
[June
If
to be expected.
Can no expedient be
Regiments? and
their lethargy
loudly for
it.
to rouse our
If
etc.
Mr
deliver this.
P. S.
Settle
To
JONATHAN BRYAN
Head
60
69
ilton
w Vice
is
the
2, 1777.
Febry.
in that of
last,
Alexander
by
Ham-
RECRUITING AUTHORITY
1777]
Your request
recruit in the
me
If
White to
what I have not the least right
of that kind is allowed, it must
Northern
comply with.
to
to
States, is
a liberty
And
169
Men
they have
States, for
assessed
by Congress.
To
Sir,
Your
61
etc.
GEORGE WALTON
White.
62
think the
1777.
May by
Colo.
respecting
in the
Members
therefore
such
To them
liberty, if
it is
thought expedient.
am &ca. 63
To LIEUTENANT
your
1777.
w The
or
come
to
Camp
for
wounds.
"The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
170
[June
were
set at
Lib-
Men were
not inlisted
manner,
merely to
as they
must be
suffer
Men
sensible that
and
if
may
join the
Army
under
Officer
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Killkenny.
2,
1777.
The
Brigadiers,
to attend the
and Field
grand parade
erly assembled
Officers, of the
"The
draft
is
in the writing of
John Fitzgerald.
state
&r?~zzi?h
'&i??%.g:/?i.i*i
.0z*z-*,
%a M?
^ei^e/t/
Of
y4 N
X iMzjza^.
gXj^&kL^'.
\/3\ J?W>e^
K/tx&f.
y \
3-'.
3 3a/
J5!
1.
- .
m.
/03f
.iter. ../*2
'
f: -1-223
Sty*
/?$/
J17Z
4 ^/UA
r^C
/2.
-ffc-c^..
/6:\ *? -3~a.
<,
ye, <-pl.
13*
....
L L/
[3-1
I
:
/7//
^/
Mu?
.jjsfci!.
r<?
CjCZ^L.
^L.
.//?.
/3o<?
.3* :ls9!T
'>/.
vAe
1.J?
3 -!
'',-
XPL-Ci-J-&^Ls -
Mi
Ch-crA
u
Washington's Calculation of the Strength of His Army,
May
20,
1777
CAMP HYGIENE
1777]
off,
171
them
receive
there
of the day.
this
hot season,
of filth
encampment,
as repositories of every
kind
earth thrown
ness to be done by
who
it
keep
properly
sweep the
it,
ious, or offensive
he
tools
order
is
is
encampment, and
from every thing nox-
streets of the
and
free
how
far this
complied with.
condition
ity
commanding
roasted,
to their health.
liness of the
bound
making
number, and
broiled
officer of their
of;
to boiled
which
it,
obliging the
men
to accus-
as a constant diet,
is
less to
destructive
no
is
or Camp-colourmen.
Returns of all the sick of each corps, both in and out of Camp,
to be
their
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
172
[June
The commanding officers of corps not yet provided with Payrecommend, without delay, proper persons for that
They must be men of probity, good
accomptants, methodical, and must write a good hand.
masters, to
65
is
cellency's guard.
is
to take the
De
officer in
Esqr.
'till
further orders.
1777.
Officers
The
now
subject
allude to,
is,
who
the condition of
fled
It
persons
instances, are in
many
unhappy
and the wicked part they have taken, would embrace
again,
85
rights of Citizens.
Henry Philip Livingston. He, later, became a captain of the guard and resigned
Mar. 26, 1779.
M
John Harper. He was taken prisoner at Brandywine, Pa., exchanged in November, 1780, and did not reenter the service.
AMNESTY OFFER
1777]
it,
173
strikes
me
as
impor-
mit
it
and right.
Arms, are ingenuous in
what has been hinted, and it is their wish or that of a considerable part of them to return; I should suppose, that it would
be expedient and founded in sound Policy, to give every suitable assurance, to induce them to come. Such an event would
be attended with Salutary effects, would weaken the Enemy,
distress them greatly, and would probably have a most happy
influence, in preventing others
from joining
may
by
it,
their
Arms.
On
view; Yet, as the Enemy, on their part, are using every devise
seduce both Soldiers and Citizens from
of, to
their's
well.
It is
mode
them. There
if
is
one
measure to be adopted.
What
is
how
exten-
entirely
with
line of discrimination
can be
many
early
avowed
hostile dispositions
and
who from
their
inveterate disregard of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
174
[June.
may
own
One
thing more
would
steadily pursued.
observe,
which
is,
that
if
Congress
it is
come
my
most obvi-
ous reasons, and the time allowed for those to return, who wish
the indulgence, should be fixed at a short period; not longer, in
day of
the
and wait
events, to
67
my duty. I am &ca.
P. S. The more I consider the Subject of my Letter the more
important and interesting it appears. I am inclined to think, if
esteem
deemed
expedient, that
it
will
them and
may
than by an
should suppose,
may
Enemy
the
same
Whatever mode
shall be considered
47
On June 4 Congress resolved: "Whereas, General Howe has, by offers of reward,
endeavoured to induce the soldiers of the United States to desert and go over to him;
Resolved, That General Washington be empowered to offer such rewards as he shall
judge proper, to deserters from the enemy, whether horse or foot, encouraging them,,
by suitable offers, to bring with them their arms and horses.
1777]
SANITATION
immediately adopted.
instance,
am at a loss to determine;
short, there
may
to get off. If
it is
If
175
the continuance
is
too
68
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
3, 1777.
Parole Norfolk.
Each
Brigadier
is
without
first
The
is
board sunk in them, will be the best means to keep them from
being muddy, and an arbour over them will serve to preserve
them cool. They are also to have all dead cattle, horses, or other
carrion removed to a distance from the camp, and buried deep
under ground. They will see that the orders to promote cleanliness are punctually observed, and indeed all others; for
whether particularly called upon or not, The Comander in
''In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison; the draft is in that of Harrison and
Richard Kidder Meade. The words in brackets are in the draft and not in letter sent.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
176
[June
and
honor demand.
No prisoners, whose crimes may properly come before a regimental Court Martial to be sent
to,
or received
at,
the Provost
officers of corps,
at their pleasure in
may
be justly
made
against them, to
69
first
surprised,
much
and sorry
it
up.
The General
which
so
when
with so much
and
delay.
Officers, and
their
company
60
Col. Daniel Brodhead had arrested some of Col. Joseph Trumbull's deputies. By
Washington's direction, Tench Tilghman wrote to Trumbull (June 3) that a regular
complaint should have been lodged against the commissaries, and if they have been
aggrieved that they have the right to call for a court of inquiry upon Brodhead's
conduct.
COURT-MARTIALS APPROVED
1777]
The following
177
Commander
in Chief;
and
their
Abraham Wood
12th. Pennsyl
and sentenced
to receive 25 lashes.
John Welsh
tion"
v.
7th.
is
to
Major Bush to do
to.
Henry Ryan
"En-
Henry of
"Having inlisted
Patrick
charged"
officer
into
dis-
ceived as bounty
them"
Lieut. Jolly
70
70
Lieut.
ment Mar.
Maybury
Jolly.
He became
i,
1778.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
178
[June
To JAMES LOVELL
Sir:
Major Lutterloh
71
for
some
suitable appointment.
To
am
72
etc.
Sir:
I
Campaign,
my Baggage, Papers,
may be committed to
it is
Men.
This being premised in order to impress you with proper Attention in the Choice, I have to request you That you will
diately furnish
further
Wish
of a Size,
imme-
that this
desire that
Company
none of the
fall
Men may
and be nearly
exceed in stature
When
stood to
recommend care in your Choice, I wd. be undermean Men of good Character in the Regt. that possess
I
commanded
Hamilton.
the regiment.
COMMANDER
1777]
IN CHIEF'S GUARD
179
found in those
You
think
it
most
likely to
be
some Property,
this
Choice
if
You
give
4, 1777.
Sir:
informs
me
German Armies,
He
in the
line, I
able to himself
and conducive
to the Service.
and providing,
yet
ant, in regulating
view,
he
may
it,
in a
purchasing
assist-
am etc.
relates to
be exceedingly useful as an
Service. I
which
much
this
am of opin-
75
To COLONEL MOSES
HAZEN
74
TB
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
180
[June
command, and
disrespect
on
that he
his arrival at
my Letter.
commissioned in the
gress,
and
Services
Army
76
and
essential
to his, has
You were
not at Princeton,
when Monsr.
Colerus came to
take his post, and therefore are not acquainted with the
upon
this Subject,
and
that he will
adopted
as are
Army.
am etc. 77
1777.
mation of
It
no
imme-
To MAJOR
cir-
wou'd be
difficult for
you to
will never
and
ex-
answer to em-
can be placed in them. Deserters are for the most part without
TO
made
MUSIC OF ARMY
1777]
181
As you have
Army.
My inclination to have
to
me to recommend
am
78
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 4,
Parole Oporto.
1777.
He must
sufficient
tion of
it;
through
and must
distribu-
see that
carelessness.
more commodious
particularly attentive to
are es-
it.
the
The music
of the
prove
it,
army being
drum and
fife
The
draft
is
ex-
and
their extraordinary
it is
Kidder Meade.
all
the
pay
drums
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
182
[June
and fifes, of each regiment, to attend them and practice Nothing is more agreeable, and ornamental, than good music; every
the credit of his corps, should take care to provide
officer, for
the
the troop
it.
at 8 o'clock
taps,
allowing a
sufficient
ing to the
next on the
left;
which
the second
is
to
do the
line taking
it
by the right from the regiment in front, and the advanced Brigades, by the right
over,
in the rear
These taps
general, the
what
is
to follow;
the
in concert
revellie,
troop or retreat, as
has been
made
it
may happen.
ing the abuse of Quarter Masters, which was mentioned in yesterday's orders relative to Commissaries An end must be put
ments ought
to be punished; but
to be
it
Qurs.,
5,
1777.
is
for
As
copy
is
filed
them to
with Wash-
OFFICERS OF THE DAY
1777]
183
Answer.
myself
ance.
80
I shall
shall
it,
that
may return an
flatter
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Rochester.
The following
Brigadier
5, 1777.
duty
a Major General
to
deserters
examina-
and disposed of by him All detachments, or reinforcements arriving, to be reported to him immediately, on their
tion,
arrival,
and
He
is
lation of the
for
lutely
Commander
in chief, what,
from
is
to report, to the
his observations,
may
he
is
Commander
In cases
in Chief
and
from the
of sudden alarms, he
is
in-
On
June 6 Congress approved Washington's management of the exchange negoand authorized him to proceed along the lines laid down in his letters.
In die writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
tiations
81
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
184
and
if it is
likely to be serious,
he must with
'till
all
[June
speed, send to
He
Commander
to
is
make
in chief, of
reported the
and
immediate
that require
attention, to be
The Brigadier of the day is to be considered as the commanding officer of all the guards He is to receive his orders
in the morning from the Major General. He is to attend the
Grand parade, to see every thing conducted with propriety
have followed the rules prescribed them; taken proper precautions to secure themselves and avoid surprize; and to give
his orders accordingly
essential duties of
to
make
On an alarm he
commanding
is
to
perform
officer of the
guards
all
the
He
is
The Field Officers to attend the Grand parade, and assist the
Brigadier; and follow such directions, as he shall think proper
to give, respecting the guards
They are to
visit
them at night,
if
over, or sooner,
reports
from the
if
necessary
several guards,
when
relieved,
and
digest
1777]
them
in a general
185
On an alarm they
of the day
is
parade-
to inspect their arms, accoutrements, ammunition and dressto count off the guards and
to march them from the
their posts by
assign the
compare them with the
detail
lot
officers
Grand
off;
and
is
He
is
to give each
to
commanding
accompany the
In case of an alarm, he
Brigadier.
division, to at-
if
to attend the
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Salisbury.
6, 1777.
is
visit
those guards
officers of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
186
Genl. Lincoln
is
to establish a
at,
and appoint
[Juke
his division,
He is to send
that
happen
or breach of duty,
to be
made
if
to the Brigadier,
if
If
the charge
is
supported, to the
The
mander in
ings
Chief,
unpunished
this order,
mental
who will
Com-
do not go
who
same
rules
officers.
the
afternoon at
is
o'clock
In
this,
and
before
to be paid to their
in
with
of
making
imputed
to
to account for
it.
FRENCH OFFICERS
1777]
Lieut.
Myers
82
tried
officer
The Commander
from
187
this sentence;
in Chief
is
sorry he
is
obliged to dissent
the evidence,
and acquitted.
influence the acquital; he
is
To
Sir: I this
with
its
The
inclosures.
Camp
think
it
83
much
uneasiness in
1777.
84
from duty
as
on Ac-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
188
from the
[June
com-
do not know,
for
Operation Congress
meant the Resolution should have, but if the Commissions which these Gentn are to receive, should give them
Rank from the date of those they had from the King of France,
precisely
or
from
their
Offi-
cers
Resolution was
come
into, for
want
of due information
how
The
Officers
now
in the Artillery,
am
obliged to consider
whom
is
French
who
immediately
Officers,
Policy,
as
much
real Service as
our
is
to be
done ? This
is
a case of difficulty,
view
it
as
you
will.
FRENCH OFFICERS
1777]
it
189
it
in raising
tions
Men of
and
their
The
distressing.
other
is,
now
them precedency
of rank;
It is
true they
said,
and there
is
no doubt
done with
the French
first
arrangement: Further,
Gentlemen
them Rank
this point;
and those
it is
mode
from
it
Amer-
If
want of a knowledge in our language, incathem for command in the first instance, and not only
but to place them at the Head of Companies, over Officers
the
and expence
unjust.
in raising
I shall
now
all
deference, as
it is
much
easier to
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
190
[June
difficulty,
things
am
persuaded, might
facility,
all
the
sent
One
returned
down
Boat remained.
The
go by Water. What
inclosed
Copy
of
I
their object
and appeared
the 71st this
inclosed.
8D
87
to be a Sensible, intelligent
also
is,
an Examination,
Lad.
86
May County
A Deserter of
88
Capt. Benjamin Whitcomb, of Bedel's New Hampshire rangers. The British had
returned northward on Lake Champlain.
80
Enoch Willis. A copy of his examination, in the writing of Richard Kidder Meade,
is filed with Washington's letter in the Papers of the Continental Congress.
"William Mitchell, of the Seventy-first Foot, British Army. A copy of his examination, in the writing of Tench Tilghman, is filed with Washington's letter in the
Papers of the Continental Congress.
88
In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison; the draft, dated June 6, is in that of
Richard Kidder Meade and Harrison. The examinations of Willis and Mitchell are
dated June 7, so that this letter was not forwarded to Congress until that date. It
was read in that body June 9.
1777]
To THE BOARD OF
Head
Sir : I
191
Qurs.,
6,
1777.
Mr. Boudinot
any Money
Enemy.
Enemy, he would by
not
Men
safely plant a
to Support them. If
passes he mentions,
Guard
at the
oppose musquetry.
89
Capt. Doyle
am &ca.
90
To ROBERT MORRIS
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June 6,
Dr.
which
Sir: Inclosed
I
have
left
pleased to deliver
after reading
it.
"The
1777.
be
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
192
[Junb
will just remark, that the political Queries referred to, were
look upon
active part, as
hesitate to take
cumstances perfectly
justifiable in their
an
cir-
tion of Independence.
An Answer
Mr. Allen's
91
and
yet
upon
and
to mislead
deceive,
Major Morris
consistent with the dictates of his Conscience take part with us.
I
New
York.
threw
off the
him
as a
The
sooner this
is
way back
done the
as
better, for I
our disadvantage.
91
am etc.
Justice
look upon
or to go directly
may
operate to
93
William Allen.
He had
Howe
in 1776. His letter to Morris, dated Apr. 2, 1777, is in the Washington Papers.
*2
This letter was read in Congress June 9, whereupon it was resolved "That General
Arnold be directed to put Major Appolos Morris under immediate arrest and confinement, until the further order of this Congress." The major was later paroled and
allowed to go to the West Indies.
93
The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
FRENCH OFFICERS
1777]
193
To APOLLOS MORRIS
Head
Sir: I
6, 1777.
both of which
it is
mined upon the part which you are to take in this great dispute.
I
but
Mr. Allen's Letter to you of the 2d April, you should upon the
bare assertion, or rather opinion, of that Gentleman, expressed
in his Letter of the 8th
this
May,
94
insisted
who
must
love of
is
whom you
cannot
Liberties,
am,
upon.
necessity,
etc.
To JAMES LOVELL 96
Head
Sir: I
May
9o
96
The
draft
is
May
8,
1777,
in the writing of
is
in the
6,
1777.
inclosing a List of
97
with the
Washington Papers.
Tench Tilghman.
Committee on Foreign
artillery,
and engineers.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
194
[June
to bear. I
dates of their
supercede
sions,
date the
As
I
all
ist
am
of the
Army
are to bear
Janry. 1777.
this,
which
may
hope will
adopt.
am
and which
wish they
98
etc.
Camp
Sir
I
at
6, 1777.
attended
to.
is
to be considered,
Spirit
My Lord
this day.
98
with
z
am
1777.
sorry,
draft
tea
flour,
The
6,
The
"The
1
meat,
draft
is
etc.
in the writing of
John Fitzgerald.
party.
BRITISH DESTINATION
1777]
may
request; but as
195
Commissary for
to be observed.
through
and they
is
to pass
and to be transacted by him, as was signiletter of mine to Lieut Genl. De Heister, to point
his hands,
fied in a late
pears to
me
not a
little
this occasion to
remark, that
it
ap-
towards him.
confess
it
as a
Lieut. Col.
The
draft
Thomas
is
you
will, as
in the writing of
there-
Alexander Hamilton.
Army.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
196
Fleet
is
[June
is
low.
Iam&ca. 5
WEBB
Shirts,
Putnam,
who Comds.
at
Peeks
kill,
late
dated the
31st. Ulto.
Men
it
at that
Post;
it
to
Regiment
Wether sfield
in)
it
The
tinental
Army.
OVERDRAFT OF CLOTHING
1777]
all this,
197
it
justifiable] to
Number
many
kill,
You are to carry all the Cloathing to Peeks kill that the Troops
there may be benefited by the superfluity of your Regimt.
remember that you, to obviate my objections to Cloathing your Men in red, propos'd Hunting Shirts as a Covering;
I
but
well
at the
Public
matter
it is
with pain,
[It is
of the
difficult a
Army.
you that
demands
from
own
much reason.]
am etc.
Sir : I
7,
1777.
The portions within parentheses show the original draft by Washington; the
brackets inclose the substitutions by Alexander Hamilton, which probably were
incorporated in the letter as sent.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
198
[June
it
at table
much
day.
of late, for
some days
past,
Alarm of the
from the
37th. this
morning
A Deserter
were
given for his Regt. and ten more to hold themselves in readi-
ness to
to garrison
will shew.
P. S.
many
up
for Horses
and
that
some were
Island.
If so
the Fleet
is
if
leave the
just
Hook
came
see
to hand.
meaning
DISCIPLINE
1777]
199
[n.h.h.s.]
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Tacenton.
7, 1777.
honorable footing,
As the army
and as the General has the credit of it very much at heart He
expects that every officer, on whom the importance of the conis
test,
and a regard
to his
effectual,
to discipline
obedience to
all
is
the
life
book
is
upon
those
a record in the
of an army;
who
im-
To
particularly in
it
an exact
of
an army.
is
the high-
An orderly
it
and consequently
whose
The General
and
earnestly
recommends
it.
General wishes
it
satisfaction; for as
8
nothing
is
more
his
own
ease
and
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
200
is
[June
paid to every
is
Captains should
make
do the same
complied with
is
in their regiments
in their divisions.
Colonels should
No officer
under him do
theirs.
should im-
own
part,
and
case, every
is
and every
officer is
his inferior,
days, at a time
day
and orders
their
immediate execution.
Lieut.
Shannon
of the
1st.
Lieut.
William Shannon.
He
WHIPPINGS
1777]
201
officers of his
regiment.
Andrew Spalding
and threatening
of orders,
to shoot
an
officer"
sentenced to
to receive 50
"Hav-
lashes.
acquitted.
John Taylor of the same Regt. for "Intending and threatening to desert"
to receive 25
lashes.
to receive 15
Serjt.
Mackey
without permission"
Thomas
lashes.
to receive 100
lashes.
Luke Debow
to receive
100 lashes.
for "Desertion"
ac-
quitted.
Edward Evendon
ceive 25 lashes.
of Adjutant
Joseph
post"
Swan
to receive 15
drunk on
his
lashes.
guard"
10
to receive 15
Adjt. William
Thompson.
lashes.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
202
[June
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Mifflin.
8,
1777.
men
carry their
and
to furnish them, or
to settle
waggons.
Officers to
own
stores, or
purchased by
For the future none but printed furloughs to be given to solAny soldier absent from his corps with only a written
diers
gery
deemed
made
brigade, specifying
to
morrow
where they
a forstate.
are.
Your favor
Movement
tain, I
of the
of 4th Inst.
Enemy and
receiv'd this
8,
1777.
Morning. As the
Militia as
you can
collect,
in as
good order
as
CHAPLAINS
1777]
up North
River.
203
as will best
lam,
11
Cm.l.]
etc.
was
with
am
this
its
8,
1777.
of the 6th
inclosures.
my
it
will not be in
my
power
to forward
it
immediately.
shall
impossible for
them
many
incon-
it
reli-
gives every
many
instances
of John Fitzgerald.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
204
[June
their
officiate,
when we view
inadmissible,
composed of four or five, perhaps in some instances, Six Regiments, there might be so many different modes of Worship.
I have mentioned the Opinion of the Officers and these hints to
Congress upon this Subject; from a principle of duty and because
am
well assured,
it is
most foreign
to their wishes or
ousy
among the
and
jeal-
Troops.
This
is
confirmed by
intel-
destination precisely
known
have
di-
my
Letter.
would
also
mention
to Congress
Philadelphia, should be
Tho'
would not
removed
excite, needless
12
Sir:
Hanson Harrison.
me a good deal, as
SCARCITY OF CLOTHING
1777]
that State.
reason of
had an abundance
in
know the
men may not Suffer, I
it;
205
In the
mean
desire
coats,
that are in
up
have
13
is
considerable embarkation
Horse and Foot, and by the Quantity of Water, Hay and
Provision of other kind it should seem that they are going out
to Sea. But tho' this is the appearance, I beg you to keep a good
the
of
look out
lest
they
am &ca. 14
HEATH
8,
1777.
Sir:
took
it
for
at Peekskill.
My
me and
continues to
was left to the Eastward for the Troops of those States. I have however wrote to
him this day in a positive manner to send some person forward
to issue the Cloathing which I have directed to be stopped
at Peekskill,
"The
and then
to proceed to
how
"The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
206
it
comes
am
all
[June
supplied.
illy
the regiments,
full
number
of hunting Shirts,
overalls.
Others
part
is
and the
Shifts
know the
he keeps a
I
am
useless
fearful that
if
that kind,
my Letters and
mismanagement
thought
it
is
have ever
strictly
safe,
enjoined
till
the late
no Store Houses
convenient and
in
it
he does
If
Complaints
if
Scarcity
at the places
which
are thought
a rate as possible.
The
titled to
therefore
draw
for
it.
which
shall be
ordered up.
SLOW RECRUITING
1777]
impossible for
It is
207
Mr. Palfrey
it
him with
to furnish
a pay
list
of the
Army,
as
it
stands at present and at what time the advance of Pay was made.
the
Eastward.
Regiments had
not, last
consisting of between
Two and
drawing
their
whole force
to Jersey, while
Had
the Troops
my
distresses to
New York
come on
to
is
as they
do
this.
well acquainted with them, and you therefore must excuse me,
when I call upon you in the most pressing manner to send every
is
am etc.
undone
15
to obtain
[ms.h.s.]
To JAMES MEASE
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June 8,
Sir:
in
1777.
at Boston,
for the
want of
always
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
208
[June
Troops of that
left
State;
shall order
them to be stopped
at
And
make
who draw
them, and
it is
some measure
in
Southern Troops, to
16
sent.
attributed to
my
am
am
certain
am etc. 17
To COLONEL ELISHA SHELDON
Sir:
1777.
in this
part of this duty, they will be totally unfit for Service of any
kind.
on every
Man
of
is
If
all
completely armed, an
may be left behind to bring them on, as quick as posmany duties may be performed as well without Arms as
with them. One Troop is to be left at Peeks Kill, but that may
Officer
sible,
be one of the
16
The
draft
"This same
"That
is
18
last;
If
in the writing of
letter
was sent
Tench Tilghman.
to Maj.
Gen. Thomas
Mifflin.
the troop last to arrive at Wethersfield. Sheldon's Dragoons had not been
allowed to remain undisturbed in winter quarters but had been called on for duty
throughout the winter.
is,
WHIPPINGS
1777]
immediately.
and
order,
am
209
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
9, 1777.
Parole Newcastle.
orders
to be
and
The delinquents
at the
Hill,
all
1st.
New- Jersey
9th. Virginia
to receive 100
charged
with
lashes.
from
his
vania regiment"
to receive 25
Samuel Mason
lashes.
"Deserting from his regiment and inlisting in the 10th. Pennsylvania regiment"
to receive 20
lashes.
John Bybecker of the German battalion, charged with "Deand inlisting into another regiment" the sentence
sertion
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
210
The duty
mounting
of the
of the
to
end
[June
to begin at the
at the
same time
the next.
The commanding
each corps to keep an ammunimen, and make them pay, for all that is
officer of
wantonly wasted.
Captains of companies to keep a
critically
not presume
to
list
sell
his cloaths
A soldier
on any
pre-
tence whatever.
The prisoners under sentence of death, to prepare for execumorrow at 12 o'clock The whole Army, except Gen-
tion, to
be assembled for
As
there
quarters,
21
is
this purpose,
near
a plenty of
20
sorrel; lamb's
as these
scurvy and
all
putrid disorders
them
distributed
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole
Okehampton.
The Commander
Inst.,
of
10, 1777.
May
COURT-MARTIAL SENTENCES
1777]
Lieut. Kirtley
22
211
allotted
and
to forfeit his
last,
Lieut.
Ford
23
proper permission, in
mand
camp"
by the commanding
sentenced
to receive a repri-
regiment, in the
sentenced to receive
"Desertion"
sentenced to be discharged.
1st.
New
Lieut.
one or two to
James Kirtley.
at least
made Commissary
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
212
a mess.
is
may
be returned
when
[June
delivered to
is
it,
called for, or
if lost.
be accounted
for.
The commanding
officer of
every Corps
is
to
keep an exact
and
it,
as
a satisfac-
it
salt provisions,
is
desired,
if
pos-
to
draw
their
usual allowance.
It has been
to
army
is
entirely
unincumbered with
it;
but
if
it is
hoped the
it
not to be surprised,
if
A very
left in
baggage sent
off,
line, will
the field.
DESERTIONS
1777]
213
away
their horses,
by the
officers,
many
that in
in-
who
officer,
or soldier,
is
own
use, or to seize
and approwithout
it
proper orders.
The ground in the rear of the Artillery park, is to be considGrand parade 'till further orders: All guards to
mount and be dismissed there accordingly.
It is with inexpressible regret the Commander in Chief has
ered as the
what
is
to be expected
by those
and the obligations they owe to their Country, and to mankind, wantonly violate the most sacred engagements, and fly to the assistance of an
enemy, they are bound by every tie to oppose. A spirit of desertion is alone the most fatal disease that can attend an army, and
the basest principle that can actuate a soldier; Wherever it
shews itself, it deserves detestation, and calls for the most exlost to all sense of duty,
emplary punishment.
any
Soldier,
is
folly;
cruelty.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
214
Notwithstanding
this,
and
tho' the
General
is
[June
determined to
shew that he
He
to punishing
is
He
is
earnestly de-
pardoning
happy
releasement to
those
all
Act of
abuse
and
lenity,
They
it.
all
will
do well
fall a
it
to
remember
enough
that Justice
may
Victim to
his
own
folly
and wickedness.
Why
their
own
duty,
self to
heads ?
to
of-
Why will
benefits of
it ?
The General
addresses him-
great a trust?
glory,
it
Why
of suc-
will they
madly turn
their backs
upon
The Commander in Chief orders, that the baggage, and campequipage of the whole army, except the
be struck
'till
which
are not to
and every
tents,
EXCHANGE NEGOTIATIONS
1777]
thing in readiness to
215
Instant.
To SIR WILLIAM
HOWE
Your
and 5th
instant,
Having
22d of May,
stated
my
upon the
us, I
Subject of your
thought
io, 1777.
it
From
we appeared to
my
demand
unnecessary to
the complexion
differ so widely,
or that an
But
as
me again for my
it, after
final determi-
making some
Observations upon what you have said, with intention, to obviate the Objections
on
my
part, to a
Number
to ac-
is
first
ill
treatment complained
of,
was "an
were
I shall
by me."
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
216
but
[June
instances, to perplex
difficult
it is
be beleived, whatever
may
Men could not be in a more deplorable situation, than those unhappy sufferers were, who are the Subject of our difference.
Did I imagine that you, Sir, had any serious
casion,
might produce,
in support of what
scruples
I
on the Oc-
ill
treat-
ment
most
airy Buildings
the Fleet.
largest Transports in
sick,
tended by their
own
as
were allowed
to
your Troops
Surgeons,
and the
rest at-
That
fact
airy Buildings
this
Men in, is
was an Advantage or
it
This I must believe was not very conducive to their health; and,
if
we may
judge by comparison,
we must
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS
1777]
As to
My
217
mony, confirmed by
their
of Omission."
may
of.
means
is
a material
field.
but had full as much, as they could use, and of the best kind.
In respect to the attention paid to the Sick,
am sorry, their
the Surgeons.
ceedings,
to exonerate yourself
from the
conse-
assistance
your situation would admit; And that they wanted nothing but
Money and Clothing, which ought to have been furnished by me.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
218
[June
Men
facilitate
any
steps
You were
him
am
sorry to
remove the difficulties that necessarily lay in our way, to making such ample Supplies as we could wish, Obstacles have been
made that might very well have been waved.
is
to be found, in
who might
purchase what
want
of a regular
mode being
You must be
adjusted for
on both
sides.
what has
really
we
made
happened.
us
we
we
less
fore-
we thought
it
let
the Prisoners
and imagined
and
feelings
would
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS
1777]
219
many
subject to the
degree of sickness
tality
among us
but
enced by the Prisoners with you, and that the disorders in the
Camp had nearly ceased, before the Captivity of a large proporThe Garrison
tion of them.
on the
In reply to
the Expedient of sending out our Men, had been earlier thought
of,
You
are pleased to say, "that the Event has proved the cau-
What
drawn from my refusing to account for Prisoners, scarcely alive, and by no means in an exchangeable condition to Warrant an insinuation, that I should have done the
same, had they been released under different circumstances, let
inference can be
your
own
candor determine.
Question. For
difficulty.
from
"
There
is
no more
familiar
mode
of reasoning, than
most interesting
more
doubt
it.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
220
[Jdne
of the exception to
eral Lee,
him.
if
you had
of
Major Gen-
and
it;
upon
adhere to what
have
I still
departing from
I
it.
demands. In doing
have already
said.
this, I
I
am
can
little
more than
what
repeat,
it is
with great
mutually interesting,
is
im-
cannot consent to
its
so contrary to justice
and the
Spirit of
our Agreement.
I
mean
strictest justice.
shall
General Exchange.
^Washington's
letter
But, in the
mean
time,
am willing that
(June 8) regarding the exchange of prisoners drew from Conwhich was forwarded to the Commander in Chief in
this
EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS
1777]
221
now
in your
be detained
till
Officers,
who will
War
as I neither
is
of his Complaints,
me in this respect.
a line of
Con-
am etc. 28
cruel policy of their enemies, of entering into any resolutions which have any appearance of severity towards those prisoners of war who have fallen or may fall into our
hands; but that there are no other means in our power of inducing our enemies to
respect the rights of humanity; that with this view only, it is their determined resoluif any persons belonging to or
any of them who now are, or hereafter may be, prisoners to Lord or General Howe, or any other commander of
his Britannic Majesty's forces by sea or land, shall be sent to the realm of Great
Britain, or any part of the dominions of the said king of Great Britain, to be there
confined to common gaols, or any other place or places of confinement, in pursuance of any act or acts of the British parliament, or any other pretence whatever; it
is the resolution of this Congress, to treat the prisoners now in our power, and such
as hereinafter may fall into our hands, in a manner as nearly similar as our circum-
employed
law of
retaliation; that
On
the receipt of a letter from General Lee to Robert Morris, informing that Sir
Howe treated Lee with kindness and generosity, Congress resolved (June 2)
that a letter be written to the council of Massachusetts and the Governor and council
of Virginia requesting the former to treat Colonel Campbell, and the latter the five
Hessian officers, with kindness, generosity, and tenderness, consistent with the safe
William
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
222
[June
Overalls, by
perishing. This
and
you will be
scarcity,
none but the needy are Supplied. There are among the Clothing 350 Coats, Blue and Red which were made up purposely
for Colo.
Daytons Regiment of
Jersey,
and
of
make
it is
very extraor-
than he has
men
to put
Webb
has
drawn
a vast deal
more
him
bring
it
done.
will
27
am informed
10, 1777.
two hundred
in the handle, at Philadelphia, fit for Horse
or light Foot;
Dear
Sir: I
if so,
draft
is
Enemy
in the writing of
are
upon
From
Tench Tilghman.
CLOTHING ISSUES
1777]
it is
223
impossible to say
The
an em-
have notice
left in
as expeditiously as possible. I
P. S. If Mrs.
Washington
is
you
shall
am etc.
in Philadelphia, be pleased to
it
To CHARLES
to Virginia.
28
YOUNG
10, 1777.
Upon your
Putnam who commands there. I have desired him to
that
those
Troops, who drew their Cloathing before they
see
marched, do not come in for a share of this, except it may be
for Shoes or some few things absolutely necessary. What you
are particularly to guard against is, to prevent those who have
arrival at
Sir:
to Genl.
if
The
State of
them.
Rhode
had
by the
Fall.
a large allowance,
The
must send home for it. As Mr. Mease has always assured
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
224
me
was
left at
[June
Boston for
am etc. 29
Sir: I
1777.
at
Brunswic and
boy,
there
it
it
will be
more
if
you will
distinct.
it
hoist
30
to
do.
side that
if
am, etc.
P. S.
Be pleased
if
and
desire
31
[
him
to
n. h. h. s. ]
To LIEUTENANT COLONEL
CHARLES ARMAND-TUFFIN 32
Head Quarters, June
Sir:
You
11, 1777.
^The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The letter sent, which is also in
Tilghman's writing, is in the collection of Judge E. A. Armstrong, of Princeton, N. J.,
which varies from the draft in capitalization only.
""Sullivan was atPrinceton and Meade had written him (June 10) "At FiveOClock
this Evening the Genl. desires you'll hoist your flag, if blue can be had it is easier
discovered than another colour, raise it about Two thirds of the way from the Ground
:
Armand.
RUM
1777]
ISSUES
commanding
duties thereof as
Officer,
225
and inquiry,
to
you
collect.
make and
the
number
of
Men
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June n, 1777.
Countersigns Plymouth, Pompton.
Parole Petersburgh.
to deliver
no rum
and
come
from the
for guards, or
to
come from
line,
all
fatigue
for
it
to
order for
it.
in the
gill
first
instance,
a day to
all
Com-
No other
The rum
'till
the duty
is
over.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
226
[June
to
march
in the
same order,
as
at their
men made
larity.
to
if
they ex-
officers to
move with
be
regu-
less
is
always
or
serviceable
by discharging them
this
evening
at retreat.
General on friday
Col.
10 o'clock
De-La Rouerie
is
at his quarters.
appointed to the
command
of the
from
without
it,
to report every
who
De-
to pursue,
to
have the
draw
is
one view, in
is
offenders apprehended;
to the
of each corps
it is
Commander
in
GUARD REGULATIONS
1777]
227
will therefore
consequences of disobedience.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
12, 1777.
The General
thinks
it
them
and hopes
ac-
When any
first
care
guard arrives
must
is
assigned
it,
the
officer's
according to
circumstances.
this
at the post
doing; and
if it
commanding
know where
This
is
to be
done, in case the ground has not been before hand examined,
and particular
he
But
if
he relieves another, he
those he
is
between them
he
is
arises,
punctually to observe.
he
is
If
any differences
officer of
they belong
to.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
228
If
[June
it,
panied with one of the old, must be sent to take them in charge,
The
to
is
and seeing
right.
march
report,
it
greatest order,
it,
the officer
is
it
make
his
men
officer of
first
to his in a
it is
best,
the
giving
new guard
them
is
to
the orders
No man
on any
pretence.
men,
and
is
officer,
attended by a couple of
to visit all his Sentries; to see that they are posted right,
instruct
them
is,
his post,
pets, as
repel any
He
sudden attempt.
should
make
all
the
he
may
the
more
enemy, or make
his retreat
good
in
any emergency.
SURPRISE OF GUARDS
1777]
229
He should have scouting parties all day, and patroles all night,
going towards the enemy, in his
rear,
and upon
his flanks, to
it
will be best ;
if
not,
or patroles, retreating by
it
If this notice
way of the
all
The break of day being the most favorable time for an attack,
or surprise, a good officer will be careful to turn out his guard
under arms
'till
an hour
after sunrise,
and
listless;
men
From
liable to a sur-
A guard
if
is
likely to be
all
the
it
defile,
If
enemy do
the
resume
If
its
it is
to
all is safe.
attentive to every
itself in
If either is
a posture of de-
must keep patroles continually going, to bring intelligence of what is doing. If the one attacked retreats, the other
fence, but
must
retreat also. If
it
must return
in like
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
230
[Jone
and the orders of the Brigadier and Field Officer of the day.
Any
coming towards an outguard, are to be stopped by the out Sentries, and notice given to
the guard; which is in most cases to be turned out; and the officer to send a proper person to examine such party, and give his
parties of whatsoever kind,
orders accordingly.
guard
to
meet them
charged with
to him, he
is
there,
letters,
The
to receive
officer of
If
communicated
otherwise the
flag
the
they are
to the
must wait
'till
No man
from the
to
presume
who
officer,
is
it
officer
from whose
He is also to send
day with
instantly,
it,
it.
all
General
officers;
pay-
ing them the honors due them according to their rank, and the
usage of war.
by them.
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777]
231
The offi-
the rounds.
line,
AFTER ORDERS
Commissary General
from
mode
The Assistant Quarter Masters are to do the same with Col. Biddie, that no complaints, or confusion may arise upon a march.
Instead of delivering spare
Genl.
the
ammunition
to each brigade,
If
the
COUNCIL OF WAR
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June
12, 1777.
from various intelligence and many concurring cirit was evident, General Howe had collected nearly
the whole of his force at Brunswick in Jersey. That it appeared
to him beyond doubt, that General Howe, has one of two ob-
cil,
that
cumstances,
jects in
diate
Command,
Army
under
his
imme-
He
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
232
[June
Highland passes and of the fortifications on the North River, in and contiguous to the Highlands.
stated the importance of the
received, to
part of
Will
it
preserve
Army ?
not be necessary to post Troops
it
as a post of
Communication ?
at
If
Morris Town, to
it
will,
what num-
ber of
of Field
and other
Sir:
early this
85
12, 1777.
to
me
The minutes of the council are in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The
To draw all but 1,000 men from Peekskill; to maintain Morristown
decisions were:
with Butler's Connecticut detachment and the two independent Wyoming companies;
to promote regimentally below the rank of major and in State lines above that rank,
but in cases of particular merit to disregard this general rule.
On June 12 Harrison wrote to Major General Sullivan: "I have it in command
to inform you that in a Council of General Officers held this Evening, among other
points, your Situation was taken into consideration. After the matter was viewed and
examined by the maps of the Country &ca. It was concluded by the Board, that you
do not appear to be so secure at your present post as could be wished. Many reasons
were urged or rather suggested, tending to shew, that the Enemy might attempt to
get on your left and effect it. As such an event would probably be attended with
injurious, not to say fatal consequences, the Council advise, 'that you take post on
the high Grounds of Rocky Hill near the Bridge at the two Mills over Millstone,
called the Rocky Hill Bridge,' unless you are certain, that you can always make a
safe and secure retreat towards the Mountains from where you are. It appeared to
them on consideration of the matter, that the Post advised will have every advantage,
which your present has, without being subject to the same inconveniences. From that
you will be as well able to cover the Road, leading immediately from the Bridge to
Penny Town, and also will be secure in your retreat to join the main body of the
Army." Sullivan was reminded also that he was not to risk a general action, but to
harass and retard the march of the British. Acting only as light troops, his artillery
was not to be brought into action but withdrawn at once on the British advance.
Sullivan was also to "prevail upon the well affected part of the Inhabitants" to bring
intelligence to
letter is in the
Washington continually,
Washington Papers.
move. Harrison's
EXCHANGE NEGOTIATIONS
1777]
233
Govr. Livingston, in a
letter of
me
had ordered the Militia of Gloucester, Salem and Cumberland to assemble at Mount Holly and that Colo. Bowes
that he
Reed
As
36
was
had
Borden Town.
much
out of the
better order
them
way
to
at either
Cranbury or
to join
you
if
the
oppose a
Philada.
You
Brunswic
as possible that
Signals to reach
will take
am, etc.
earliest
as
near
Notice of
37
[n.h.h.s.]
To LEWIS MORRIS 38
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June
Sir:
Your favor
12, 1777.
unhappily
subsists a dispute,
At
between General
if
upon
that line,
which
is
Howe has the Matter now under consideration, and if our differences are accomodated, his Releasement will immediately
38
88
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
234
follow.
It is
possible we shall
before long,
when you
[June
will have
an opportunity of informing
am etc. 39
Dear Sir
Movements within a few days past, it is clear, beyond all matter
of doubt, that he has dropped all thoughts of an expedition up
the North River, having drawn the greatest part of his Troops
from New York and its dependencies to Amboy, and from
thence to Brunswick where his main Army is encamped. Great
numbers of Waggons are brought over, and many flat Boats
on Carriages, supposed to be for the passage of the Delaware.
We have had a variety of Accounts by Deserters and Spies, all
agreeing that a move will be made as soon as matters are in a
proper State. Under these Circumstances, I called a Council
of General Officers, who all agreed, that our present Army was
:
insufficient either to
make
towards Delaware. They were therefore unanimously of Opinion, that after leaving a Garrison at the Forts in the
sufficient to repel
Highlands
The
draft
is
Hanson Harrison.
REENFORCEMENTS
1777]
You
upon
235
Number
before mentioned.
They
are to
command
march
in
of Brigr.
and
Offi-
and
possible.
cers
first
as
As fast
as fresh
Be pleased
me know
to let
in Garrison.
how
Men
are on their
sion will
matter a
secret, for I
of this Manoeuvre.
40
am etc. 41
40
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
236
[June
12, 1777.
will
You will apply to Lt. Col. Jere Olney for the Orders I gave
him by which you will regulate your conduct. I am etc. 42
:
to
*To
13, 1777.
are to
the
Act
as such; for
At
present,
at
Van Veghten
Bridge and
your Men too much, under the prest. appearance of things) the
Enemys
left
Movement
of the
with
give
till
42
occurs to
From
who owns
LOSS OF ARMS
1777]
111
dians do,
it
To EZEKIEL CHEEVER
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June
Sir: I desire
13, 1777.
me an account of
the receipt
and down
cers to
that
whom they
Names
of the Offi-
whom
received,
the great
never returned.
am etc. 44
To JAMES MEASE
13, 1777.
Sir: I have yours of the 6th. by Mr. Young who went this
morning to Peeks Kill to issue the Clothing to the Massachusetts
Troops. I understand by a letter this day from Genl Putnam,
that when all the Regiments from Massachusetts were ordered
to Tionderoga, the Clothing for them all was sent to Albany.
Upon the alteration of the first disposition, Officers were sent to
bringdown that which belonging to those that were to remain at
Peeks Kill; but Genl. Gates has in a most extraordinary manner
refused to give it up, and it is more than probable has forwarded
it
to Tionderoga.
*3
is
in the
New
York
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
238
[June
had
five
not,
by the
last
hundred Men,
You had better apply to Congress on this head, for if some Regulation
is
what is passing thro' it, for the use of some of the others.
It would be by no means proper to erect a Store at Princeton,
directly in the Enemy's route. If the commanding Officers of
Regiments are provident and look well
to the
wants of
their
self; I
Partiality.
be sent forward.
at
the packages
fusion that
till
essary. I
am etc. 45
To CHARLES
THOMSON
13, 1777.
The
draft
list
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
EXCHANGE NEGOTIATIONS
1777]
which were
ratified
239
him,
as
On
up
he has
it
who drew
but has now pre-
sented
Copy
inclose
48
it
1 shall
am etc. 47
It
to
liberty to inclose a
and 5th
Instant.
From the
May,
the Prisoners
Copy
of
justified.
my
Letter
22d of May
paragraph, in
are to be retained
till
Genl Lee
is
On
field Officers,
declared exchangeable.
to,
who
I
did
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
240
is
to
of doubtful
make the
meaning
in this instance, I
offer; first as
it
will be a
thought
happy
it
[June
expedient
if we release
may draw from
event,
tions, as
and
it
and
as will
occur to an ingenious
Pen.
going from
us.
would mention
it
upon
it.
of Congress
done
The
since
on
similar occasions.
was
did not
promised to
and
this I
have
enormous
must
make a large sacrifice of their private interest Tho' the practice, may have been against their application in other Armies,
;
yet, their
tice.
jus-
1777]
sufficient validity, in
other reason
may
241
be suggested,
why
cases,
have thought
which
it
may seem
considered
just, I
Subject,
which
should suppose
it
is
If their
is,
necessary
There
to deserve.
it
application
is
it
minate sum, to be allowed for the Horses they have bought and
may have
their discretion
It
first
to
and judgement.
and appearances,
the
it
that
Genl
Howe
designs Philadelphia to be
force at Brunswick, a
is
Army and
Board of General
Officers
whole
determined
all
the Con-
One
and
Thousand
force this
Effectives, should
its
dependencies, except
may
be assembled, in case
be
made
to possess
them
A copy of this return, dated Morristown, May 14, 1777, is in the Continental Army
Returns (Force) in the Library of Congress, 100, fo. 147. It shows a strength of 5,738
rank and file, fit for duty, with the light corps and artillery still to be heard from.
The original, initialed by Alexander Hamilton, is in the office of The Adjutant General, War Department, Washington, D. C.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
242
[June
most profound
numbers
to transpire.
June 14th.
Your favor
its
last night.
Having proposed
to
Genl
Howe
an Exchange of the
Pris-
Prisoners
verity or a
and therefore did not set the whole on foot. I shall be happy,
on Governor Caswell's 49 Letter and your recommendation of
Colo. Shepherd,
49
From
the
50
1,
50
Col.
ADVANCE OF BRITISH
1777]
243
Character given him and the Terms on which he offers his Services,
there can be
point
no objection. Congress
fications,
have
He
generous Notice
moting her
the execution of
Interest.
fidelity to
our
Sacrifice in pro-
was
in,
might not be so
eligible as
a private donation.
June 15th.
When I
Enemy was
sion of the
and it was
that they
wrote yesterday,
beleived
design was,
road, after
is
their real
Milstone River and joined the other column on the Coriel ferry
62
Executed as a spy.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
244
[June
was the principal cause, if they did not mean to proceed to Delaware when they
Encampment
first
set
into action
upon disadvantageous
in,
The
terms.
had Changed his Post to Rocky hill, an Event which took place
only the Evening before, and which it is presumed, they were
not well advised of
when they
left
Brunswick.
A considerable
be wished.
I shall
siders himself
an
Officer in the
him
brought on
is
joined
Army
immediately.
without a Genl.
at
Officer,
it
the
Con-
The
and has
Command.
others,
by a person
just
now
are
like indulgence.
this date, I
Rank
who
intended
con-
me upon
remaining
inferior,
him
it
line to
Commission,
to repair to the
This
since his
De Haas
of the
from Genl.
posted between 3
and 4 Miles from Sommerset Court House on the road to
Sullivan,
Coriel's ferry.
53
is
53
PROMOTION RULE
1777]
245
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Rockingham.
At
13, 1777.
Marshall
54
was
Roe
55
was
sulting
the court.
the sentence,
He
to be
Different
modes
Commander
in Chief thinks
it
on
this
from
also,
all
further disputes
'till
belong
to,
by seniority
and accord-
'till
and incon-
head.
All commissioned
ing to seniority,
officers signalize
them-
good
Col.
officer.
Thomas
He
resigned in
Decem-
ber, 1777.
65
He
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
246
Ten men,
fit
from each
officers,
brigade, to parade
quarters to form a
com-
pany of pioneers.
ber of proper
56
[June
march
of
commanding
Offi-
number of rifles
Morgan, either
Those brigades that have not furnished the number of riflemen, returned to the Adjutant General, for Colonel Morgan's
Corps, are desired to send
them immediately.
Your
14, 1777, 10
OClock A. M.
Its inclosures, I
received
seem to require.
P. S.
The
Letters
accompying
etc.
this
58
1777]
AN EXPLANATION ACCEPTED
247
To JOSEPH REED
Middlebrook, June
14, 1777.
59
Dear Sir Your favor of the 4th was given me by Jos. Arrowsmith, just as Mr. Peters inf orm'd me that he was about to set
:
to
thank you
as I
could not
resist
the inclination,
do most
how-
a short
letter,
and
affec-
True
am
which appear'd at that time to be the echo of one from you. I was hurt,
not because I thought my judgment wronged by the expressions contain'd in it, but because the same sentiments were not
communicated immediately to myself. The favorable manner
in which your opinion, upon all occasions, had been received,
the impression they made, and the unreserved manner in which
I wished and required them to be given, entitled me, I thought,
to your advice upon any point in which I appeared to be wanting. To meet with any thing, then that carried with it a complexion of withholding that advice from me, and censuring
my conduct to another, was such an argument of disingenuity,
that I was not a little mortified at it. However, I am perfectly
satisfied that matters were not as they appeared from the letter
alluded
it is, I
felt
letter,
to.
"I can readily acknowledge that a Zeal for the Service and Anxiety to correct the
horrid Abuses which prevailed in our Army and a Hope of introducing Honesty and
Courage at least among our Troops betrayed me into a Warmth of Expression which
considering with whom I had to do was imprudent tho' not unjust. I blame myself
for opposing a Torrent
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
248
sincerely
must beg
may
am
to be favor'd with
[June
and
admit of delay.
A general officer
trouble
waiting obliges
Dear
Sir etc.
me
to conclude,
and
do
it
61
Dear
Sir: I
14, 1777.
ways
in their
left
Power by pushing
it is al-
Delaware
to cut you off from joining this Army or perhaps of crossing the
River. But
if
you
cross their
Flank you can always form a junction with this Army to which
you will be a very considerable addition. The Opinion thereyou should immediately upon the Receipt of this
begin your march and reach Fleming Town as soon as possible,
fore
is
that
upon your arrival you will view the Ground and post yourself
on that which is most advantagious. You will take all your Baggage with you and when you take post keep it still upon your
81
The text is from Letters from Washington to Joseph Reed (Philadelphia: 1852),
where the date is given as June 11. In Reed's Life and Correspondence of Joseph
Reed (Philadelphia: 1847) this letter is dated June 14, which date is followed by
Ford and which seems to be the correct date. There are three minor differences
in the text between William B. Reed's two publications; but as the 1852 edition was
controversial and therefore, presumably, more carefully done, that text was followed.
There is no draft or copy in the Washington Papers.
MOVEMENT
BRITISH
1777]
249
Right where the Country grows very strong. Keep out small
parties of Militia
deavour
if
and enColumns
to reconnoitre
and how far they are advanced. Endeavour to draw the Militia
Our Move must depend intirely upon that of the
together.
Enemy.
tice of their
selves of
Motions and
as
we
shall intirely
their Flanks
disincumber our-
more general attack if we find an Oppertunity. From the information of a deserter Genl. Howe and Ld. Cornwallis are with
the Army at Somerset and we therefore conclude that is their
main Body. After reading the inclosed be pleased to forward it
62
63
[n.h. h.s.]
immediately to Cory els Ferry. I am, etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June
Parole Salisbury.
As
tion,
is
the
it is
enemy
14, 1777.
appear,
from
different quarters, to be in
army be
mo-
in readiness to march,
it
waggons, and
encampments, ready
82
A few hours
all
to
men
the
move
at a
paraded
at their respective
moment's warning.
was written Tilghman wrote Sullivan, by Washingsome Accident should happen to the Express he desires me to
give you the Substance. The Enemy have advanced this morning as far as Van Ests
Mill. They had some skirmishing with Colo. Morgans Rifle Men and have halted and
taken post upon a high piece of Ground. The Number said to be 2000. Accounts say
that their main Body have marched by the Brunswic Road towards Princetown but
by not seeing your signals or hearing from you it seems improbable. You will therefore please immediately upon the Receipt of this dispatch a trusty fresh Express with
an Acct. of Matters in your Quarter. P. S. You will please to call in as many Militia
after this letter
you can assemble, for you may be assured this Move indicates a general one."
also, by Washington's direction, ordered Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Heard to
New Jersey Militia from Pompton, leaving guards at Pompton and Succasony for the magazines of supplies at those places, and await further orders at
Morristown. Tilghman's letters are in the Washington Papers.
63
In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
as
Tilghman
march his
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
250
[June
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June
Parole Virginia.
15, 1777.
receiving the
the
Army,
as
The
is
that,
which
visits,
to procure such
Serjt.
and
tries,
is
to be pursued.
six
an
escort as
Accompanied by these, he
is
it
hails,
conducts
him
he passes
The
officer,
who
or serjeant
receives
him
at the right of his guard with his Bayonet towards his breast,
earThe
his
officer of
officer of
guard to
at
as
OFFICERS IN HOSPITAL
1777]
officer to
he
251
is
to proceed
where he
thinks proper.
some
officers,
Commander in
Chief,
upon the
hospitals,
without an-
it
shall
officer to
be a discreet, sensible
cover.
dis-
soldiers; but
is
to exercise
no
All supernumerary
officers
spective corps.
15, 1777.
had arrived
at
Flemingtown, and
am happy to
hear that the Militia joind. you in such Numbers, and are in so
would have you leave your Artillery and Baggage upon some secure and strong Ground under a proper
Guard, and move with the remainder of your force to some
place between Vetbrykes Mill on Neshanack and the North
good
Spirits. I
power
to harrass the
Rear and
their
left
it
If,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
252
notwithstanding
this,
[June
always cross them and keep upon their right Flank, by which
means you
join this
Army
at pleasure.
if
you think it
it
would
and
it, I
refer
at
it
to your
me know
let
may govern myself. If there is any move, you will probably know it very soon, if it is towards Delaware, advise me of
it that I may follow upon their Rear. If back to Brunswic, you
shall know it, that you may do the same.
that
It
and
bury,
lest
Column
at Somerset,
particular place
they
may
would by no
may
means confine you to it. Upon
find some other near it more advantagious, in that Case, take
the strongest post. Endeavour constantly to cut off or drive in
their advanced posts upon their main Body. I am, etc.
P. S. Near the point of Sowerland Hills is Gerritsons Tavern
viewing the Ground you
64
[
n. h. h. s. ]
Major Campbell
that the
65
advises
by Letter
Van
just
now
received
Vachters Bridge.
"In
65
Enemy
BRITISH POSITION
1777]
253
struck,
and put
into the
66
Wag-
[h.s.p.]
Dear
Sir: I
is,
that
Genl.
if
have for
Howe had
not
is
probable.
intention to push
Brunswick;
since.
this
His Rear
is still
was intended
as
we
shall
difficulty will
their
march
thro' the
his Rear,
and
expect that
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
254
(made up
of Continental
him with
[June
a considerable
As soon
as I
into Jersey,
ordered
down
all
their force
it,
without
the Troops
When
will be respectable,
to check, but to
make an
Enemy's
Of
are
the
fit
and
these
Troops come
line.
Cannon
Others
are daily expected, and out of those you can have a supply.
While you were in Philadelphia Congress informed me that
you had proposed to raise a Troop of Horse near Albany, which
could be recruited and mounted quickly, as there was a Suffi-
Men of
with me the
at
Peeks
kill.
worn down by
have
a hard winter
Cam-
mount
all
One
Troop raised in the Country where you want them to act, are
worth double the Number of Strangers from their acquaintance
with the Ground.
If
me
a Visit,
will
MARCHING DIRECTIONS
1777]
255
am &ca. 68
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
16, 1777.
still
of their
The General
talion.
from
directs that
arrest.
relates to
officer, to assist
in the
is
government of it,
so far as
to furnish a
is
done to the
if
not remedied,
to the
who,
if
just, is to
A thing so essential
is
it
communicate
day, as heretofore
ent
men keep their ranks always dressed, and use their feet in concert,
and expedition
68
The
draft
is
of a
marching body.
in the writing
of.
Tench Tilsjhman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
256
'till
more
eligible
[June
mode
shall
be
manner only.
For a standing salute, they are to order their fusees, and take off
their hats gracefully, bringing the arm down close to the left
pointed out,
the following
they are to trail their fusees, and take off their hats as in the foregoing. In both cases,
on their
left
the
in three,
first
'tis
and the
last in
trail,
and
displaced.
tified, will
may depend on
being punished
in Chief.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
Parole Aberdeen.
Countersigns
is
17, 1777.
Amboy, Aimwell.
Two officers, from those regiments who have Sick, in the hospital
near camp, to attend the same for the purpose pointed out
list
every
who
is
to
make
a general
1777]
257
Mendham and
Black River,
the charge;
which
will save
dissolved;
is
And
morrow morning
Wayne's brigade)
at
sit
69
to preside.
Sir: I
16th. Instant.
tho' they
is
But
may
if it is
17, 1777.
not, Inoculation
The Camp
is
thought to
it
be
found expedient.
I
am extremely
for Tents
and Clothing;
trust
by
and
this time,
that the
Young to
One cause of the dis-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
258
being sent to
now
[June
at
Peeks
to,
my order.
Their aid
is
if
their
admit of
it.
You
who remain.
This in
The
all
do send immediately
&ca. or not.
You
one Troop.
The Enemy's
designs and
movements
Army
as far at
Brunswick, they
now form
a line.
We
From
thence to
harrassing
Militia
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
SAMUEL HOLDEN PARSONS
Head
Dear
Sir: I
Humphry. 72
70
The
am
I
71
by Major
POSITIONS OF TROOPS
1777]
it,
is
259
but one
low
and
as they arrive
You
all possible
are to
dispatch;
to fol-
for
you here,
as I
am etc. 78
Quarters,
Sir: I
17, 1777.
74
You mention
Genl. Sullivan
at
Sourland Hills.
little
labour,
The
which
more
position here
is
will be bestowed
so.
The
very
upon
passes in the
difficult,
and cannot
render
it
and
their left at
Washington, and so acted to the end of the war. He carried the British standards
at Yorktown to Congress, and Nov. 3, 1781, was voted a sword by that body.
73
The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman.
74
0n June 14 Congress, by a resolve, authorized Arnold to take command of all the
militia at Bristol and on every part of the Delaware River, east of Philadelphia, and to
make such troop dispositions as seemed " best adapted to promote public service."
The resolve was sent to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania for its concurrence. On June 16 Arnold wrote to Washington, from Coryell's Ferry, giving a
complete picture of the situation and inclosing a valuable description of the different
fords of the Delaware from Trenton up to Coryell's. "I am Convinced," he wrote,
"the Enemy will never Attempt to Pass" [the river]. Arnold's letter is in the
Washington Papers.
captured
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
260
[June
left.
In this situation an attack upon them would not be warranted by a Sufficient prospect of success, and might be attended
My
design therefore
fair
Army
and
to be in a condition of
opportunity that
embracing any
is,
by
have ordered
cept
75
on to
all
Troops
and about
Sourland Hills, to gall the flank and rear of the Enemy; with
Orders, in case of any
form
a junction, or
briskly
upon
The views
movement towards
if this
us, to
endeavour to
fall
of the
Enemy must
move
be to destroy this
am, however,
that way,
till
Army and
clearly of opin-
front,
They might
possibly be successful,
Hamilton had
ington's direction
first
written this
number
it, I
shall
as above.
it
out by
Wash-
1777]
heels,
to them.
first
261
the policy of
ion.
first
instance,
not halted, as they have done, to awaken our attention, and give
us time to prepare for obstructing them. Instead of that, they
upon our
right,
which
is
they have
come out
facilitate
an
at-
and added
to this consideration,
It is
to the
such a
is
at
own
Strength, by discov-
But
after they
them
would have
sudden
call,
taken to engage a
much more
at the
appear-
as they
to.
In this case
them both
in health
and
Spirits.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
262
You
will forward
on
all
places, as
likely to frustrate
[June
am etc.
P. S.
ters that I
Letter to them.
should
of this
to Congress.
76
On
receipt of this
number
Peeks
Kill.
as
soon as possible.
P. S. If you have
officer to
large
is
so
you
see
at
expect
shall
am etc.
Sir :
this
night sent off all their spare Baggage and Women to Bruns-
and the deserters say are preparing for some move, none
more probable than an attempt upon this post. Considering
wic,
76
The
letter to
"The
FIRE SIGNALS
1777]
make
to
Ground we have
we want
to defend,
You
a proper resistance.
263
will therefore
force
immedi-
ately
Gap
They
is
till
where
to
encamp. As an en-
couragement to the Militia, let them know that whatever Baggage or Spirits of any kind they can take from the Enemy shall
amounted
and
some
to get
who
are acquainted
upon
some
the
if
in large Bodies
with Cannon and Waggons. They need not notice small light
What
scouting Parties.
immediately to you.
send
it
post
and
this will
Experiment,
if
To establish
let
them
this
To
try the
cover
it,
answer
it
by Fires from
Steels
Waynes Gap
will be be
most
is
most conspicuous
easterly. I
me word
to you.
Waggon
Genl. Arnold
load of Cartridges
lam,
8
etc.
78
[n.h.h.s.]
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
264
[Jdne
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
18, 1777.
Post.
must request
that
Instt. I
inlisted. If
19, 1777.
received by Yesterdays
to
forward on the
be dispensed with.
You
who are not Natives, who offer to inlist. Desertions among Men of that Class, have been so frequent, that
character of those
first
much
inlisted, are to
If those
you have
have no objection;
think
it
Men
in
will be
prudent that they should; but you cannot compel them without violating the conditions of their Inlistments and doing an
act of injustice.
As a Regimental promotion, is to be
filling all vacancies,
Officers,
where there
FRANCE'S INTEREST
1777]
265
lies
it
am etc.
P. S.
Capt.
Lieutenant.
79
To CHEVALIER D'ANMOURS 80
Head Quarters, Camp at Middle Brook, June
Sir: I
ting
19, 1777.
me
that France
interested
is
made
mately concerns
all
Europe
as well as
America.
It
were
inti-
to be
an event
so desirable both to
The
draft
of Robert
is
them and
is
to us, as the
81
in the collection of
Princeton, N. J.
80
Later, the French consul in Maryland.
M "The
veil of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
266
[June
not
us
fail to extricate
more
own; and,
if so, it
Permit me,
Sir, to correct a
some Magazines
of ours
a sure footing.
Danbury
expedition, in
which
lost to
the
various ac-
must have been at least four hundred killed, wounded and taken.
I
this error,
because
it is
of
it
some
little
serves to
im-
show
among
the people,
little
General
ment.
Assemble on so
Body
of
two thou-
differing
Howe
to attack a regular
to
from a
has lately
rout.
made
Instant
dis-
tant,
has
dious posture for attacking our Right, which led us to conjecture this
if
BRITISH MOVEMENTS
1777]
right at
mine.
267
it is
little
time
at least.
it
by the
spirit that
appeared
was discouraged
began to
tected
on
retire in
the Millstone,
had
little
or
his rear
by
his return.
burnt
as usual
and
their Route.
ices in the
way you
propose.
At
and
assure you, I
Abilities as the
am etc. 82
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June
19, 1777.
draw provisions
for such sick as remain with the regiments; for which purpose
they are to be included, and their numbers ascertained, in each
provision return. The Commissary will supply them with fresh
meat when on hand.
trial of
of each regiment
Martial
Major
now
Peers,
83
is
to
sitting, will
proceed forth-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
268
[June
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 20, 1777.
Parole Dartmouth. Countersigns Deal, Derby.
viz:
in execution forthwith
with "Desertion"
on
on
and
to be sent
Ensign Pope
84
Militia in 1781.
He
arrest.
COURT-MARTIAL SENTENCES
1777]
Lieut.
Booker
85
269
belongs
to,
John Rowley, of Col. Patton's Regt. charged with "Desertand going to the English" found guilty of deserting, and
ing,
is
inlisted for.
found
time he
is
guilty,
and sentenced
laid on,
and
to be
inlisted for.
Company,
in the
and sentenced to
86
on
enemy"
found guilty
punishment,
still
to be de-
further orders.
'till
am now
their
Van,
as far as
Sommerset Court
encamping
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
270
[June
changed
their
in the course of
We had
without
was
former
loss,
much
speculation.
to attempt
This
Posts.
But
they found,
As
it is
it
probable,
ware was
on an
do
annoyance in
I
their
thought
duct and
it
power and
my
it,
that
much
must ob-
on the
first
them-
notice of the
loss.
prosecution of
serve,
to bringing
selves against
if
to give
them every
Arms in every
this event,
happy one
but
to us,
it,
upon
most fortunate and
as a
distressing
Mr.
Howe
has yet
1777]
111
my conjecture.
not been
more
was obliged
especially as
to correspond, that he
my
whom
me
them Copies
of
Letters.
of Boston, to Genl.
gence
interesting,
it
contains,
is
and
Knox.
shall be
87
The
happy
intelli-
to hear
that the
12 O'clock.
I
just
now received
which and of
its
a Letter
inclosures
Copy of
88
herewith transmitted.
The
if
till
readiness to
embark
"This extract is filed with Washington's letter in the Papers of the Continental
Congress.
^Schuyler's letters, dated June 15, 1777, and June 16, 1777, are in the Washington
Papers; copies are filed with Washington's letter in the Papers of the Continental
Congress.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
272
[June
my
omitted to mention in
Genl
Officers,
it
my
was agreed,
This
is
now
However,
all
settled as a
that
it
all Officers
89
have
90
To THE BOARD OF
Sirs : I
last,
WAR
come
to hand,
head to the
shaft,
should be at
least
vent the Shaft from being cut through, with a stroke of a Horse-
Rifle
Men, should
be fixed with Slings and Spikes in the end, those for the Light
Horse need neither. There will be 500 wanting for the Rifle
91
Men, as quick as possible. Be pleased to send on all the Tin
88
See Journals of the Continental Congress, June 5, 1777, for report of the Board of
War on
letter sent.
81
A letter from Col. Benjamin Flower, Commissary General of Military Stores of the
Continental Army, dated June 23, 1777, in the Washington Papers, describes the pike
designed and contains a sketch of the implement. Flower reported that he would
make 500
of
them
at once.
BURGOYNE'S EXPEDITION
1777]
273
large.
But
sity for
as the
is
a neces-
whose pay
I
is
refer the
Sir : I
Fort Edward, but that of the 14th. from Saratoga, to which you
refer,
has not
93
all
events
if so,
thousand Men.
if
he invests
Number
five
it
to any purpose, he
left to
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
274
Sufficient to
[June
scarcity of Provisions, to
send
them
a Check, as their
march
refer
letter to
Colo.
Trumbull and
to Genl. S
it
Omen from
General
may
is
If
it is
far
it
your letter
how
The
is
a delicate matter.
Night of the
13th.
The
British
Army marched
On
the
out of Bruns-
communication the whole way, strengthened by Redoubts which were thrown up, upon every advantageous piece
line of
of
M
out,
Maj. Gen. John Sullivan. Amsbury declared he carried a canteen from a Judge
Levy, Lievens, or Lievers, of Montreal, with a false bottom, in which was concealed
a letter which was to be conveyed to Sullivan. Schuyler sent the letter to Washington.
NORTHERN AFFAIRS
1777]
prepared
for,
was
make
to
push
275
this,
with our
to oppose
them
State and Pennsylvania turned out with the greatest Spirit) they
Army now
last,
lays in
Amboy. As
its
leaving their
Works half
finished.
Their
Philadelphia by land,
move will be
The first cannot
up the North
River.
Work of time.
But the
when
drew
from
ordered those
soon as the
returned to Brunswick.
may
Enemy
may require.
You may remember the
as occasion
pediency of removing
all
the Horses
of the
the ex-
we had upon
conversation
their attempt
Since
began
this letter
Contents of which
ten. I shall
is
fully
answered by what
letter to
that
it is
it
Congress.
It is
really
wanted, for he
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
276
[June
95
Shannon and what is his Character. I cannot conceive what occasions the delay of the Massachusetts and
New Hampshire Continental Troops; I have repeatedly wrote
to them in the most pressing manner to send them on, but in
vain, I however hope that your Representations, who are on the
Man
as Robt.
Knox tells me
that he in97
96
oneCaptn. who in point of rank, but not merit, has a prior right,
but he hopes to settle the matter with him.
am &ca. 98
Kill,
though
think
it
we should act; and findingthe people turn out with great Spirit,
to Strengthen the opposition we should give them, concluded
it
lest
the
his intentions,
first
and resume
his
have
If
they are at a distance from you they are to halt where they are,
and if they are near Peeks Kill, they are to go back to it.
98
The name
of the
letter
99
concealed in
the canteen.
88
TROOPS TO GO NORTH
1777]
277
he had lately received, there was reason to apprehend that General Burgoyne was making preparations for an immediate attack
do not think
it advisable to lessen our force on this quarter, by sending them
to where they may perhaps not be wanted. (I would however
evidence that such an event is about to take place,
it
Regiments under
notice.
baggage
&ca.,
by water to
If these
Vessels
may
If you Should
receive
my
orders, to
sail,
acquainting
will be proper
may
me
immediately by express of
have received.)
if
they operate to
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
278
[June
post.
method
it
of gaining intelli-
is
the City.
am etc. 2
To JAMES MEASE
cannot tell how the Clothing designed for the Eastern Troops,
of,
at
Peeks Kill
is
If
not Sufficient,
many
of the
had delivered
a large quan-
which they had collected and purchased, they expected their troops would have
received the benefit of it, but that so far from that's being the
tity
Complaints are
measures
only people
all
may be
left destitute.
As
these repeated
The Light Horsemen are not intitled to any more than a suit
of Uniform annually. The coarse Jackets and Frocks are extra's
and must be charged
order to enable
to
them;
their
am etc. 4
This same letter was sent to Governor Trumbull, with the omission of the portion
inclosed in parentheses above. Ford prints an extract of the letter to Trumbull as a
footnote under date of June 2, which is an evident typographical error.
2
The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
s
4
BRUNSWICK EVACUATED
1777]
279
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole
Countersigns
to join Genl.
De
Genl.
morning,
at
at present
Varnum's brigade.
5 o'clock
march
to
morrow
officers, to
Brigadier
The Mon-
mouth
Militia to
command
the detachment
From every information lately received, there is reason to beleive the Enemy are evacuating Brunswick by sending
One Brigade after Another. It is said they are transporting their
Dr.
Sir:
should suppose
it
highly expedi-
with the Country South of Amboy, if you have any such, to take
and near what are called the Roundgo there and the Enemy are conveying their
down
the River,
which
beleive
is
the case,
am
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
280
[June
and
effect, and
it.
This
is
interests them greatly, but will much distress the Enemy. If there
fit
[N.H.H.S.]
was
ing with
attend
last
its
1777.
which
shall
duly
to.
For want of some certain fixed line of duty, in this instance, the
Commissary
propriety.
says,
it is
long before
myself that
this of seeing
1777.
you in
Camp
at the
head of your
MOVEMENT
BRITISH
1777]
281
may
may
my
expectations,
be of decisive importance to
commanding
that every
if
circumstances oblige
prejudice of
I shall
of next
him to be
at the
same time, as I am
his
sideration,
head of
to operate
it
it.
be glad it may
suit
shall
conclude your affairs will not permit you to act in that capacity,
and
that
it is
tleman.
To
Sir: I
22, 1777.
Enemy evacuated Brunswick this Morning and retired to Amboy, burning many Houses as they went along. Some of them
from the appearance
ings.
it
Circumstances,
it
of the
The
draft
is
in the writing of
that
it
was intended
Alexander Hamilton.
this
morning.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
282
upon
if
Morgan's Regt. of
command
their Rear,
of
and
fall
[June
Party of Colo
of Genl.
advanced briskly upon them, upon which they quitted the Redoubts without making an opposition and retired by the Amboy
Road. As
in
it
all
greater than
the
Enemy began
to expect, being, as
to move off,
Numbers were far
five
we were
thousand Men.
it
to Brunswick. By
Howe, Lord Cornwallis
Town when the Alarm was first
in the
Morgan's
Rifle
Men
Enemy, which it
I
is
it
who was
detached
last
Genl Maxwell
lay be-
me
to
make mention
of the Con-
and
Men upon
this occasion, as
they constantly
PAYMENT OF MILITIA
1777]
advanced upon an
283
till
down Lord
the
till
have
well,
I shall
Sir:
Your favours
and
1777.
21st. instant
I
approve of
of
being right.
the orders
he was there
was
is
at
from Peeks
had been near
at a considerable distance
"The
sent
which
Pompton; because
gave, according to
last
Kill,
and
that post.
paragraph; the
letter
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
284
out, I
[June
it
object,
prepared to give
all respects
transport this
Army
down
last
upon
their flanks
treat;
much
injury as
and
rear,
who
fair
sent
The
difficulties
from Fish Kill to the places pointed out, ought to have had no
weight. As it was a positive order of Congress, it ought to have
been complied with, though attended with some inconveniences;
is
of so
much
conse-
it.
The
present
movements
of
executed.
It
MARCHING ORDERS
1777]
285
them at the most important and least secure places; but the others Should be committed to the trustiest of the Militia. It would
be advisable to have small convenient Works thrown up about
them, which will make it less necessary to have large guards;
12
and will discourage any attempt to destroy them. I am, etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle Brook, June 22, 1777.
Countersigns Farnham, Fairfield.
Parole Farquhar.
The
mediately,
One
and not
from the
line, to
be called in im-
relieved.
Weedon's bri-
mount
to
morrow
morning at 6 o'clock (if it should not rain) with arms, accoutrements, ammunition and blankets, ready to march. Tents, bag-
gage and
women to be
each division
is
left
in
security of
which
consist of
men most
and who
have the worst arms. The Major Generals will receive orders at
Head-Quarters, respecting their route, and order of march.
^The
draft
is
in the writing of
Alexander Hamilton.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
286
The Commander
the
all
officers,
Majors General
and
Sulli-
engaged
soldiers,
[June
this
in that service.
Major
Peers, Brigade
Major
Weedon's brigade,
to Genl.
and honorably
acquitted.
arrest.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 23, 1777.
Parole Gloucester.
forthwith
them to be put
in execution
viz:
ThomasWhite,aliasJones,ofCol.Hartley'sbattalion,charged
guilty,
and was
sen-
charged with
to,
and threatning
to shoot
5th. Pennsylvania
his bayonet
Regiment charged
on the
officer of
the
DISMISSAL OF MILITIA
1777]
Smith,
13
and presenting
287
whole
to receive
his bayonet
No
on the
officer of
the
to be
The following
letter received
from
Col. Spotswood.
Sir.
done on
me
Your obt.
Servt.
To
is
it.
Col. Pickering
Adjutant General.
AFTER ORDERS
spirit
in
The
Lieut.
Samuel( ?) Smith.
He
i,
1777.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
288
is
morrow morning
to parade to
at
4 o'clock,
if it
[June
should not
complied with.
To THE PRESIDENT
1777.
4000. Blankets,
He
& Turnbull to
me to beg your
when you
Body
to those Continental
Troops
who
are most in
want
of them,
State. I
have
14
the honor
etc.
HEATH
1777.
want of Clothing
for the
Troops of your
State, especially as I
have been led to believe that they were most amply provided.
I
to those
Over-alls, it will be
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
have wrote to
1777]
289
Mr. Mease and informed him of the Complaints that are made
against his Agents, for their unequal or at least irregular supply
to
your troops.
him
is
have di-
settled, for
nothing
how
can be more disagreeable to me, than to be obliged to hear constant complaint of this nature.
Number of
They burnt many
Upon the first appearance of our Troops they abandoned the Town with precipitation and went off to Amboy, as
their Rear.
they had previously sent off their Stores and Baggage they had
few
fires
their
Baggage
new
Expedition;
to
from our
retreat,
some time to concert and prepare for it, I hope we shall find ways and means to come at their
intention and prepare against them.
If the March to Peeks Kill, by way of Kinderhook, is more
it
will take
I do not desire it to be
was a measure recommended by General Schuyler.
have long found the ill effect of the Wretched Cartouch
pursued,
I
it
Ammunition; you
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
290
will
[June
by way of pattern.
Sullivan's
16
To
Sir: I
Inst.
Permit
two
we do
to each of
not think
it
in
it
our Brigades.
Our Number
is
so
We
some
much
Success.
In respect to the
varies
in capitalization only.
MORGAN'S RIFLEMEN
1777]
Howe and
will acceed to
291
if
he
it.
Subject of the
commanded
ice,
General Greene
Enemy
retreated. Genl.
composed
of Rifle
in
greatly
and
Damage. They
are
now
Amboy. What
and movements will be I cannot detershould have been more particular upon the Subject,
mine.
also received.
General Put-
nam informs me he has ordered payment for the Militia mentioned therein.
17
Sir: I
19th. instant,
and
draft
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
292
You have
also
my
[June
with you;
you find
Genl.
it is
certainly preferable to
it
forcement.
will
now
afford
it)
for a rein-
am etc. 18
To JAMES MEASE
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June 23,
1777.
Kills,
it.
great indeed
is
Blankets
is
to releive
Men with
certainly
wrong,
is
particular
and im-
distress.
There
Some
is
one Supply,
been
many
would further
am
P. S.
18
etc.
The
draft
is
"The
draft
is
in the writing of
Kidder Meade.
little
BRITISH WITHDRAW
1777]
293
To BRIGADIER GENERAL
ALEXANDER McDOUGALL
Head Quarters, Camp at Middle Brook, June 23,
Dear
Kill
Sir:
1777.
doubt that you will do every thing in your power, to put every
thing in the best posture for giving them a proper reception.
it is
to be
flank
and
rear,
who
this State. I
it is
not yet
as-
retreated with
23, 1777.
Dear Sir: Your favors of the 12th. and 18th. Instt. are both
before me; and, on two Accts. have given me concern; first,
because I much wish'd to see you at the head of the Cavalry, and
20
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
294
secondly by refusing of
it,
[June
it is
satisfactory to yourself,
wish
it
especially
as
I flatter
myself, that
which
Camp, it is
your
abilities
unnecessary for
The
Pensylvania
upon the
is
a most fortu-
manner in which
the
on Philadelphia.
you
Militia that
thank you
but can
for,
told,
know
by
that
Month
to be in readiness to
should require
it,
draw out
Camp near a
the Militia
if
occasion
requested
him
his utmost endeavours to carry the designd opposition into effect; conceiving that a previous plan had been laid by Congress,
mode
of
drawing
MILITARY POLICY
1777]
gives
295
it.
assignd by
is
or,
it is
to be done,
sequences which
may
attention, but as
all
I shall, maugre
means which, in
if
if I
commit
a wilful error.
as I
it is
the prevailing
by
little
is
de-
to forty yards;
several of the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
296
Officers,
[June
not there been some mistake in point of time for Marching the
several Brigades that
ticularly in delivering
Service,
and par-
Maxwell the Evening before had reachd him in time, to cooperate upon the Enemy's Flank, for which purpose he was
sent down the day before with a respectable force, very good
consequences might have resulted from it; however it is too
late to remedy these mistakes now, and my Paper tells me I can
[h.s.p.]
add no more than to assure you that I am, etc.
1777.
Sir: I
have yours of
this
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Quibble-town, June 24, 1777.
Parole Hartford.
on the northern
^In
the writing of
army
is
to be
drawn up
in
two
lines
Tench Tilghman.
on
DAMAGE TO PROPERTY
1777]
on the
left
297
field pieces, at
is
to muster
with
all
of the
first line.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole Isleington.
Countersigns
Italy, Inverness.
ately to report
it
to the
Commander
is
immedi-
it.
The officers are always to take the most particular care that
no damage be done to the property of the Inhabitants where the
troops are encamped. The inevitable distresses of war, are so
great and numerous, that any addition to them must be deemed
to proceed
from
cially in us
by
barbarity
espe-
be protected.
To
Sir:
Subject of the
to
on the
Amboy and
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
298
At
[June
their Loss
was
siderable
and
fell chiefly
some
Deserters.
Some
this
New
that Officers
Town. 22
Morning
to this Post,
and might
down
moved
Stirling's Division
was
pre-
yesterday Morning.
in the
to
sons,
added
attacking the
Enemy
in
Amboy with
a probability of Success,
who
reported,
among
to the hospitals in
letter is filed
jr.,
of Elizabethtown, N.
New
York were
said to
J.,
BRITISH RETREAT
1777]
299
who
lines, to
watch
Act in conjunction
and such other Troops as it may
be necessary to detach. Tho' I think and so do the rest of the
Officers, that no event is likely to take place that will require
more, since the Idea of forcing their lines or bringing on a Gentheir
Motions and
with Lord
eral
will be ready to
Stirling's division
Engagement on
own Grounds,
their
is
Universally held
number
is Suffi-
to arise
from
their retreating
it,
in, will
enable them to get off should they so incline, against every pru-
dent and
designs,
justifiable exertion
is
more than
is
every reason to beleive that they have been and are transporting
the Event, to
honor
It is
my
conduct.
to transmit shall
much
The
have
my
to be regreted, that
me
the
attention.
an Express sent
off
on Satur-
reason to believe he
fell
is
Genl Maxwell
no doubt but their whole Rear
into their
is
Hands.
If
Enemy confessed
themselves, as we are well informed by persons in BonamTown.
off.
This the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
300
By
tho'
it is
reported as a
it is
from Amboy,
[June
have &ca.
23
Quarters, Quibble
Town, June
25, 1777.
Added
more
Enemy have
it is
more
and
nearer,
The
is
one of their
I
late
tant General,
is
Fifty Dollars pr
Month. As
to a
Deputy Adju-
essential. I therefore
and
so
long as
it
shall be
thought neces-
MORGAN'S RIFLEMEN
1777]
301
That he may not claim the post and pay where circumstances
may make it unnecessary to continue him.
From every appearance, the Enemy are passing from Amboy
to Staten Island, they have been,
Amboy
Baggage.
is
it is
so situated that
it is
almost impossible to
They have
give
them
eral
We
have
now
parties of
Light Troops
by
deserters,
suffered a
good
Morgan's
Rifle
N.
B.
As
we are told
their Grenadiers
Men.
Sev-
from Colo.
am etc.
Army,
the pay of
P. S. If Colonel Cornell
to give
him the
and
he
as
is
24
is
at
Peeks
Kill,
Enemy remained
in Jersey,
is
out of employ,
business.
To
BARON D'ARENDT
Had the
much of
25
26
me
1777.
of your request to be
He
as
Congress.
26
Henry Leonard Philip, Baron d'Arendt. At this date he was colonel of the German
regiment. There was, later, some difficulty between d'Arendt and his officers. He was
granted leave of absence in August, 1778, on the grounds of health, went to Europe,
and did not return to America until late in the year 1780; did not reenter the service.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
302
Gentlemen
at the
ill
[June
be spared, yet
the reason
that
it is
as
soon
as cir-
cumstances will permit, for you must be sensible, that the service will suffer
moment ought
to be lost unnecessarily.
not
make towards
a res-
toration of health.
I
of Prussia
properly
doubt not,
to
make what
letter, as
an
I am, etc.
inform your Brigadier of your permis-
NB
You
will please
sion to be absent.
27
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle Brook, June 26, 1777.
Parole Japan.
The
and
flour, as
flesh, if
it
soon
as possible;
if
to
They
ner they can this night, near the gaps of the mountains.
"In the writing of Alexander Hamilton. This letter
nental Congress.
is
man-
From
ORDERS IN ACTION
1777]
303
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle Brook, June 27, 1777.
Parole Kilkenny.
The commanding
officers of corps,
approved,
It
are,
whom
who
have
men
in the
and
Major Generals
Sullivan,
and determine
their rank.
The
court to
sit
this after-
quorum.
The Commander
Officers, in case of
(when
and contradictory
conveyed, and
commanding
may
directions,
which
officer.
order, so far as
it
govern themselves by
this
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
304
The General
directs
Sunday
last,
killed,
as possible, to
the killed,
make
officers of
places
since
inclusively.
all
[June
to time, to
take
as
HEATH
19th. instant. It
strange Cols.
is
is
Have
their Abstracts
made
injustice.
28
degree of Authenticity.
The Company
Rolls should be
made
duty
at
Providence,
If they were called out by Public authorpower for the purpose, I suppose they are
be paid by the States. At any rate you should be extremely
ity
to
28
or by any having
billeting,
at
BRITISH ADVANCE
1777]
305
The Com-
Officer's
You
will omit
ciencies in
fast as
I
num-
from Amboy
to Westfield about
their
whole
To
You
Sir:
am etc. 29
ment
Stirling's divi-
command
of a Regi-
The
to be
of Robert
is
Hanson Harrison,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
306
32
[June
In case any
upon
acted
their appointments,
their place
by me. Your
Major Pawling.
You
will immediately
make
and
collect as
Pawlings party
is
many
of
Officers, to
them
as are
where Major
number of Officers, qualified for the business of recruitto make up the deficiency of your Regiment, and will do
ficient
ing,
whatever
recruited.
else
and
33
1777.
This Regiment
is
up
him and
rectly
82
to
raised.
As
Colo.
together,
Malcom
desire
goes di-
Captain Scott is difficult to identify. McDougall was probably Ronald T. McDougall. Jonah Hallett was a lieutenant in Malcolm's regiment in July, 1777; resigned in April, 1779, when the regiment was consolidated with Spencer's; became
lieutenant of Fourth Continental Dragoons in October of that year; served to November, 1782. Capt. John Hunter was taken prisoner at Fort Montgomery, N. J., in
October, 1777; resigned in December of that year.
83
The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
1777]
Corps.
To
On
Sir:
whole
am etc. 84
his directions. I
thursday
field.
Augmentation
feint
307
it is
said,
them
His design, in
us.
with an
was a
Sudden
there
this
the
last
seemed
which was
sent
these parties
March
we
should
it
move our
was
force
we
yet, I
cannot determine
it
with certainty,
ascertain
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Scott, to
hang on
Tench Tilghman.
their
Flank and
to
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
308
[June
towards Spank
Town
O 'Clock,
they
moved
pursuing.
all
before
them and
it is
said
35
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle Brook, June 28, 1777.
Parole Lancaster.
and pitch
And
the
commanding
officers of
The Commander
this order, and that
of practice
will possibly
admit of
it.
all
yet,
1777.
by the
Hanson Harrison.
//^>
**
sff: sJ&.
^^1
-
%.
7 ^*C
^/^
P y~.,
//:!/,
y^O ^*
-^
J^
.^
^Z&*L* ^^Ss&K^&C-r,^^-,
May
29,
1777
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777]
and most
309
have received,
to persons
who
and where the Enemy were encamped, countenance this Intelligence. As to our loss as reported by the Enemy, I am persuaded
it is
it
have come in, that they saw but very few Prisoners taken.
would have been certainly known before this, (that is the
Number not yet returned) had not some of the Parties and
I believe the most of which were then out, joined the Corps
ers as
It
since detached.
South
from
It is
from
Offi-
Town,
as
this
Opinion,
me
by a Letter
just
now
received, that
from
it, and
movements are a feint calculated merely to deceive and to cover some plans they have in view. I have two
Brigades (Scott's and Conway's) now lying at and near Woodbridge, as Corps of Observation and to act as circumstances
may require. Genl Sullivan was down in the same Neighbourhood with his Division, till this Evening, when he returned; It
appearing to him unnecessary to remain longer, and that the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
310
Brigades
any Event
From
P. S. June 30th.
sufficient for
[June
Amboy
seems to be
more confirmed.
As the facts in Lord Stirling's Letter are rather taken up on
report, than from any certain knowledge of their having happened, I cannot consider them sufficiently authentic for Publication, nor are they transmitted for that purpose.
than
was
it
at first
imagined to
Tho'
am
be. It has
been reported to
me
all
of our
Army,
or in part Country
I cannot decide.
of Light Parties
at that time a
fallen in
men,
Number
38
Sir: I
am
it
as
1777.
sudden in
their operations.
Hanson Harrison.
BRITISH
1777]
MOVEMENT
311
Baggage or even Tents, as they can upon the movement of Shipping up the River, retire directly to their posts again. The
Offi-
sion
The Enemy,
Baggage and Waggons
may
Tents,
require.
after
having carried
all their
came
They
terday to
them, but
Ground
is
laying near
when
We
Amboy,
in
any damage.
am etc.37
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Middle Brook, June 29,
Parole Manchester.
1777.
"The
draft
is
Adjutant General.
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
312
To JOHN
LANGDON
38
The
Your favour
[June
1777.
it
great pleasure to
retained
But the
from them.
your
State,
to the
are at Boston,
have but
little
to
Sunday last evacuated Brunswick and retreated to Amboy. Unhappily, but a small part of our Troops were able to come up
with them. Colo. Morgan's Corps of Rifle Men did, before they
had wholy
on our part.
the point of
their
loss of
It is
two
if
some new
Baggage,
killed
enterprise,
Enemy
are
on
some of our
Stirlings Division,
38
The
1777]
treat that
was conducted
little
to give
some
eclat
rather precipitately,
March
313
and from
their
many were
induced to expect,
uous to their line of March, of their Clothes and every thing they
could carry
off,
We had a Brigade
the distance to Amboy being but short and the Enemy returning
ting themselves in
Enemy,
now
lying in
to avail themselves of
are
any
am etc. 39
WASHINGTON
1777.
some considerable
Finding Genl.
time.
89
The
my Tent)
draft
is
about 5 Weeks.
at
Bruns-
been (in
Force (ex-
have now
Hanson Harrison.
13th.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
314
[June
He
Remaind
the
at
Middlebush about
4.
till
an Attack.
Our
conjectures of this
this
Army; as
either that
it
was
or,
it
that Genl.
was
so situated as to
fall, at
his
Flank and
much
it
would, certain
it is,
rear,
it.
a disappoint-
to Brunswick,
burning
whilst they
attack
without great
and a probable
loss,
defeat.
upon their Rear, from whom, I begood peppering, some Accts. make
do not undertake
concealing their
de-
fall
to
loss,
vouch
for, as
BRITISH
1777]
to take
up
so
much
is
315
and glory of
So soon
MOVEMENT
Britains fallen!
as they got to
all
Incumbrance of
and
this kind,
Troops which
Whether
their lines.
Whether,
by
this
much
to possess themselves of as
it is
they have
as
left
know
not; but
Works
at
off,
We
Amboy,
my
New York;
for
of their Shipping
Sir: I
am
GORDON
my
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
316
consideration;
the
Army,
and
will, I
[June
seeming neglect.
to be
sort.
The
matter, as
Northern department.
stability
is
in their Resolutions as
It is
much
really injured
by a conduct of
this
40
Genl.
Howe
Garrisons in
after
drawing
came
all his
to
my hands.
Force (excepting
Weak
of Pontons
(which were
from
Army, he
field of conjecture
(as
he
as to
have
Maj. Gen. Philip Schuyler. For a picture of Gates's protest to Congress on this
occasion see Duer's letter to Schuyler, June 19, 1777, in Burnett's Letters of Members
of the Continental Congress, vol. 2, p. 384.
1777]
317
Comd.
of
Amboy
to
Genl. Green.
making
their arrival at
all their
and
Island,
on thursday
last
left
after
with their
Hills,
and
last,
some
theirs, in
know
the
that
am,
P. S.
amount
of either.
As
which
I
do not
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Middle-Brook, June 30, 1777.
Parole
Nedham.
special
Court Martial to
sit
to
morrow morning
The
42
at
of the 2nd.
to
text
whom
December, 1782.
He was
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
318
[June
All witnesses
to attend.
All
commanding
commissioned
officers
officers,
non-
commanded by
To THE BOARD OF
WAR
1777.
the Inclosures.
The
other 21 are
made upon an
old plan
and requiring
and
so large a
Number
render them very inconvenient for Field Service, and the more
liable to
be
lost in
an unsuccessful
action.
them
cast over
it
and con-
portable
make
and have
ARTILLERY NEEDED
1777]
319
them new
Cast;
purpose.
It
and Springfield
is
them
and collected.
will
to
can be adjusted.
brance. General
pieces, de-
little
chance as there
is
of their answering
risk,
and when we
this Quarter.
have
When
Scarcity, the
it.
is productive
of much confusion
and
suffer,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
320
[June
and in what proportion they think necessome general regulating hand to make the
distribution, it may often happen, that articles may be drawn
away to places where there is little need of them; when there
is an absolute call for them at others, and the worst effects may
result from the not having them. This was very near happenprocure what
sary.
ing in a
to
articles
Unless there
me
is
late instance
with respect
to request a supply of
to Tents.
me would be
two thousand
for the
that the
Northern
Army
under
loss at
Danbury;
And
as the
Northern Troops were in a Stationary post, provided with Barracks, and might easily raise comfortable huts, to make good
any deficiency of covering, which was not practicable to
us, in
not in
I
my power to
assured
answered.
me, he had
to send
solicited the
more than double the number arrived. The Council referred the
request to General Heath,
it, till
who
order to the
desiring
ill
177 7]
321
solicitous,
I
it
fixed
propriety
and expediency.
The
several reasons
do not
you seem
to consider
it
so essential,
are.
But
as
gage and
intirely light; If
of Peeks Kill
and
tempts of the
Enemy
its
As
at-
on the
rear of the Enemy, in case they shou'd get above them, I do not
apprehend any considerable advantage wou'd result from it,
because I suppose, whenever they undertake the enterprise,
to possess 'em.
to their acting
**The draft
is
in the writing of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
322
to keep
of such
[Jdne
must be defended.
I
am
From every
to leave
in
and Booms.
we should be
prepared at
all
points
appearance, the
Enemy
Army
equipping.
as far as Westfield.
Howe
on the passes on our left and to cut off, if possible, our light
were out and Lord Stirlings division, that had been
advanced as far as the Neighbourhood of Metuchin to support
'em. There were some smart Skirmishes, but with little damage on our side save the loss of three small field pieces. What
loss the Enemy sustained, remains to be ascertained, but from
report they did not make this Manoeuvre altogether with impunity. The next afternoon they returned part of the way,
ravaging and despoiling as they went, as it is confidently said,
the effects of all without descrimination. Genls. Scott and
seize
parties that
Conway
we
its
may
situation
arise on
and con-
P. S. July
ist.
am etc.
evacuated
now encamped
to secure
it
Amboy Yester-
opposite to
shortly after,
it
on Staten
left,
RECASTING OF CANNON
1777]
To
Head
off
It
being Night.
whatever he
323
may
find.
You
will be
TRONSON DU COUDRAY
Qurs.,
Camp at Middle
tion,
Waggons and
a proper proportion of
Men.
It
would not
would
The French Gen-
incumber
us, rather
As
He
it
would
will there-
The draft is in
40
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
324
I shall
[July
you
due
respect, I
With
48
etc.
To
Sir :
am
47
to
it
on Staten
left, he
when he
night
entered,
and
it
his
was expedient
to do,
It
being
Morning and bring off whatever Stores he may find Tho' there
;
is little
behind.
am
ject, I shall
I
left
etc.
To BRIGADIER
From
there can be
Ticonderoga and
Enemy
47
itself,
there can be as
1777.
1,
in
Du Coudray's letter.
PEEKSKILL IN DANGER
1777]
325
if
Troops to defend
am
this
it,
can be reinforced by
moment informed
struct this
Kill,
morning
that all
this
OClock, and
at eight
Army. Indeed
'tis
supposed they
have all embarked, as the Ships have all Sailed out from Prince's
Bay where they lay. So that you may probably have a very hasty
visit. The urgency of the occasion and the necessity of employing all our resources to baffle the attempts of the Enemy, obliges
me to request in
till
assistance.
the
last
No time should be
appendages,
lost in
doing
its
this.
The
call is to
may be productive
march
am etc.
P. S.
to
To BRIGADIER
50
Head
Sir :
i,
1777.
much
me
less
Number
of
pleasure, as the
which
B0
The
are to be posted at
draft
is
in the writing of
to
guard
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
326
and
haviour,
which has
from
my thanks to the
[July
their
in a great
wanton depredations.
suf-
am etc. 51
i,
1777.
you transmitted
is
truly interesting,
Armies.
approve
it
appears almost
certain to
and
much
of their
two
desire that
it
may be embarked
opposite to the
Upon
and
Town,
all
is
Staten
encamped
marched
off.
The
it
Posts. In this
view of
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
DEFENSE OF HIGHLANDS
1777]
327
No time is to be lost,
out, as the
movements
You
shall leave
it
to
and
left
their Opinions.
open
The
letter for
it.
which you
will dispatch to
have
him by
am etc. 52
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole Oronoque.
i,
1777.
Ormond.
morrow morning,
Countersigns Orange,
sit
to
at
o'clock, at the usual place, for the trial of such prisoners as shall
53
is
The
several troops
was president is
The
late
Court
dissolved.
light-
The
draft
is
Kidder Meade.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
328
[July
Tuesday and
is
many
officers are
is
in-
fields
to the proprietors of
them, that the damage done shall be paid for by the QuarterMaster General.
When he recollects
from
so cruel
and unlawful
He therefore once
offi-
it,
and
person acting under his authority. After this second notice, any
officers, offending, upon complaint being made,
To
Sir:
The
last
2, 1777.
1777]
have thought
contain
is
it
329
Enemy have in Contemplation a junction of their Two Armies, by way of the Lakes and
raise a
the
North River.
If
Varnum's
Brigades from this place, who march this Morning, or the comthe arrival or near approach of Genl. Parsons's and
sail.
and
This
is all
that
my
Genl.
Army
have observed,
If
we were
and
is
to co-operate
But
instance
as the
passes;
appearance of the
calculated to
attack,) to
draw
this
till
"Probably St. Clair's letters of June 24, 25, and 26, copies of which are in the
Washington Papers. A copy of St. Clair's letter of June 25 is filed with Washington's
in the Papers of the Continental Congress.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
330
is
truly delicate
kill,
[July
and embarrassing. Should we march to Peek'sHowe on Staten Island, there will be noth-
leaving General
ing to prevent
may
subject
them
examine matters
shall
I
to a risk, that
as
we wish
we will difficulties
to avoid.
Thus
let
us
We
we can.
upon
their
conjuncture.
I trust
they will
come
There
is
One
thing more
is,
that there
UNCERTAINTY
1777]
331
was obliged to order to Peeks Kills for the Troops in that Quarare great and pressing also. I must earnestly
entreat that
Should we be obliged
uneasiness and
I
As
ceive
the
and
Enemy
distract us,
in favor of their
and device
to de-
making an expedition up
the
North River,
doubt not but you will have the most vigilant look
outs,
kept
along Delaware Bay and proper expresses and signals for com-
would be highly
expedient, that some sensible, judicious men should be employed
in that business, at this time, who would view things as they
ought to be and from whose Accounts certain inferences and
conclusions may be drawn, so as to form a proper line for our
conduct. The most fatal consequences may flow from false
information, at this period, Things should be examined with
municating the earliest intelligence.
think
it
Ships appearing in or off Delaware, tho Genl Howe's destination should be elsewhere. Their Fleet give
55
etc.
2, 1777.
Dear Sir: I was last night favoured with yours of the 25th.
and 28th. June, with the Several pieces of intelligence which
you had received from Genl. St. Clair. Immediately upon the
receipt of yours, I ordered the Troops, which had been drawn
down from Peeks Kill, to return to that place, and sent off an
58
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
332
[July
all their
re-
turning from hence were within one day's march of Peeks Kill.
As
the Troops
will leave
ordered
him
as
it,
it
would
to find
by your
visions has
I
no reason
see
effec-
am pleased
it
as that
is
the Case,
can possibly
fall
into
them
in his
Works, to which I
him
in case of accident.
Genl.
Howe,
as
marching for the Delaware, but suddenly turned back to BrunsAmboy. He came out again with his
days
whole force a few
ago, with a seeming intention to make
a general attack upon us, but after marching Seven or Eight
Amboy,
in his way.
Army
fell
whole of
his
BURGOYNE'S MOVEMENT
1777]
333
evacuated the State of New Jersey. Before the accounts from the
goyne.
If
a co-operation
is
throw off the mask, and make his preparations for going up
the North River; if he does not, I shall think that the Fleet
and a small force of Indians and light Troops are amusing you
upon the lake, while the main Body comes round and forms a
junction by Water.
in
my
Spirit
is,
that a
Man
Strongly against
this,
of Genl. Burgoyne's
and Enterprise would never have returned from Engfrom which no great Credit or
Honour was
shall
hold
till I
effort to
this
break thro'
Army in readiness
To
am etc. 56
1777.
had last Night the honor of your letter of the 27th June.
The proposition which relates to the Exchange of the Gentlemen you mention, is intirely agreeable to me, as they are now
intitled to a releasement, from the time of their captivity; and
Sir :
39
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
334
[July
reason obliges
appears to
me
me
painful to
happens
is
your wish
to interfere
I
but when,
am convinced it
it
would be improper
You
will be
intirely to drain
Army,
be
it
in
will
much more easy to draw them thence and put them into the
T1C0NDER0GA IN DANGER
1777]
335
time be so useful
as in their
hands.
Ticonderoga and
its
is
dependencies. If
it is
which it bears Strongly the appearance, it is certain proof, that the next Step of General Howe's
Army will be towards Peekskill, and that very suddenly, if Possion, but a Serious attack, of
Army can have time toform a junction with the Troops already
there. To guard against Contingencies, I have ordered Genl.
Parsons's
all
to
March
off
with
on
way
their
without
to
Ticonderoga.
New
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
336
York
General Putnam.
Militia, to join
have the
[July
fullest con-
my
on which
Enemy in
etc.
can
know the
On
a Second view,
posed exchange,
till
who is Com-
end of establishing
it
into Confusion
and
58
it.
it
will
and will be near enough to oppose any deupon Philadelphia. General Sullivan is further advanced
sign
towards Peekskill.
59
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole Pluckemin.
is
to get ready to
march
58
The
Ford prints
draft
is
to
"Elias Boudinot.
B0
2, 1777.
in the writing of
Alexander Hamilton.
morrow morn-
all
property put
DEPUTY QUARTERMASTERS
1777]
up
in the
struck.
waggons. But
if it
Stirling's division
337
from Lord
to be detached
60
to
and
left
Commander
in Chief
They
re-
recommend
Deputy
In doing
this,
proper care
make
activity
choice of.
Sir: I received
July
4, 1777.
61
60
The order of march from Middlebrook to Morristown, in the writing of and signed
by Timothy Pickering, Adjutant General of the Continental Army, dated July 3, 1777,
is in the Washington Papers.
"Lee's letter (June 7) is an egotistic statement that, after reading all the correspondence between Washington and Drummond and examining all the other papers in the
case, he was "doing what really is in my opinion an act of justice, I mean clearing up
to the world the charge brought against Lord Drummond for a breach of Parole
I solemnly declare that it does not appear to me that there is any one thing in his
Lordship's conduct which merited even the shadow of censure." Lee's letter is in the
Washington Papers.
.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
338
It
[July
[I
his
me, either to
retract
was the
drew was
fully authorised
by appearances.]
You
My
dear
Sir,
making
it
is
it
ought really to stand, and this will Suggest the propriety of not
being hasty in fixing your Judgment as to the true nature of his
Lordship's proceeding in this
affair. I
am etc. 62
HEATH
1777.
Dear Sir: Your favour of the 16th. Ulto. only came to hand
two days ago. The arrivals which you mention, and the Capture
62
was
The
draft
is
the draft.
in the writing of
inserted, evidently
1777]
339
Commodore Manly, are fortunate CircumThe Cargoes are valuable and such as we wanted. 63
of the Brig by
stances.
authorized to allow.
appointment necessary.
General
Howe
evacuated
movement remains
to be
his attention.
Our
and embarrassing, were we to proceed with our force to Peeks Kill, leaving him on Staten Island,
he might turn about, supposing his present Object to be what
I have Suggested, and push to Philadelphia. On the other hand
had our force continued at their late Posts, till their designs
became manifest, Peeks Kill might have been subjected to
Situation
is
rather delicate
**The brig captured by Manley contained rigging, duck, etc.; the other arrivals were
Bilbao, Spain, with cargoes of anchors, cables, rigging, duck, etc.,
sent by direction of Elbridge Gerry to James Warren.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
340
[July
is
his Brigade
fully
endeavour, by
as
New
York.
If
you
are,
without waiting
with
the
Enemy
way
at
make
Clove
Road
is
directly
is
an event,
New Windsor.
if it is, it
will save
marching up
64
There
is
1777]
341
cate
to you. If
give
me
cordingly.
am
&ca.
may govern
myself ac-
66
Sir : I
1777.
some days
General Howe's
June,
Manoeuvre in
Jersey,
The
Spirit
this State
and Pennsyl-
my
most
Genl.
as the Inhabitants
vests of
Hay and
had
it
who were
Waggon
loads of
all
prob-
ability
the Inhabitants,
The evacuation of
mark of providence,
in particular.
to
effects,
sent
down
Supply their
present Wants.
I
am yet perplexed to
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
up the North
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
342
[July
tion
Pomp-
and the Main Body of the Army to this place. In this posiI shall lay, till I receive more certain information of their
about one hundred, who serve as a Guard to the Stores at Pompton and Succasony plains, and
me, to have
as
few
it
as possible of those of
valuable to them.
As our
absolutely necessary
paign
is
truly
is
up Delaware, a Guard is
over them, I do not think it would be pru-
down
come, Genl.
to
to
Pennsylvania kept in
Boats are
yet, for as
Howe may
see occasion to
Cam-
renew
his
know that
he has laid them aside, for if he goes round by Sea, we must use
operations against Philadelphia, indeed
we do
not
State of Pennsylvania
you
command
to the
it
and
am
con-
der the State and your Country very essential Service, Should
am etc.
shall be glad to
his acceptance.
67
July
4, 1777.
Sir: I
to
HOWE
67
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
AUGUSTINE EXPEDITION
ST.
1777]
343
meant
it
as
recommendatory only;
almost
operate very forcibly with me, and must say meet with my intire
approbation.
am
&ca.
68
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Morristown, July 4,
Parole Ridgefield.
1777.
them to be put
in execution
viz:
forthwith
guilty,
and sentenced
to receive 39
lashes.
Charles Mulley
69
of the
1st.
tried,
and
It
appearing to the
acquitted,
by virtue
were of opinion
from confinement
It is
and sentenced
found
guilty,
desert-
regt.,
89
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
344
[July
on
guilty, and
was sentenced
to receive
lashes.
1st.
Pennsylv. regiment,
sleep,
released
him; he is forthwith to be
from confinement.
kept tavern.
As
it is
impossible to
may
tell
with certainty
how
how
soon, or
it is
an
no officer, or
striking of tents.
urges the
officers to store
ristown.
If after this
more
strongly
possibly spare, at
Mor-
fill
and
MARCHING ORDERS
1777]
if
345
they are
left
must be the
No fences are
which time
all
The General
a march, at
unequally loaded
to see the
AFTER ORDERS
When the order is given to march, and the men are paraded
for that purpose, the rolls are to be called;
ing
officer of
know with
each corps
certainty
is
absent.
When they are told into Sub-divisions, in platoons, and officers assigned to each, such officers are to abide constantly
upon any
see that
no man
is
with
Whenever
a halt
is
men
to
sit,
are ordered to
Arms again,
to be
so soon as they
have every
man
of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
346
[July
If either
should see any apparent cause for a halt, before the time, or
place designed for
it;
he
is
to send
an Aide-de-Camp to the
it,
who,
if
he judges
accordingly.
it
first
from front
and upon the last flam of the first division being struck,
commanding
the officer
he is,
is
officer
commanding
the brigade,
who is to order
the
Waggon
gon under
his care.
officer will
the
Commander
in
un-
each watching with a careful eye, the conduct of all those under
his
command.
order in the
officers;
It is
common
nor can an
Soldiers, if the
officer
would be
the
happy
commanding
discipline
pride,
example
is
not
set
by the
officers of
It
to see
WAGON REGULATIONS
1777]
347
viz:
than two
men
as a
men
officer,
2nd. That the two men assigned to each waggon, shall march
on the
sides,
any thing
falls out,
may
tail,
of each
Subaltern, or non-commissioned
is
waggon; that if
it up
The
and pick
discover,
That no women
3rd.
any wag-
And
Wag-
any interruption
is
it is
to be reported
to the General.
4th.
men,
None but spare arms, and such as belong to sick and lame
shall be suffered to
certain of receiving
sumes to put
his
some
drum
go
in
waggons,
injury.
into a
Or
if
waggon,
as they are
almost
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
348
[July
circumstances
commanding
officer
the baggage
To
slinging
and can be
little
own ket-
burthensome in
this.
common
be avoided
is
are,
and
that
no
halt.
Nor
dier:
so,
to
is
commenced.
In
all
officer
as before
commanding
to restrain the
Waggoners from
first
No
officer or soldier,
is,
de-
appropriated by the
may be made
do
that restitution
to
the brigade
the owners.
MUSTER ROLLS
1777]
command where
349
service
must
such applica-
suffer without. In
service &c.
That
these orders
officer,
to the soldiery.
duly attended
to,
is
to
sit
to
morrow morning,
at
is
appointed president of
this court.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Morristown, July 5,
1777.
Parole Salerno.
summon
witnesses
The
several regiments to
lected as pioneers
se-
The
troop,
its
commanding
officer of
every
last
company
or
com-
must be paid
to this duty.
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
350
whose
first
[July
made out, signed and sworn to by the captain, or commanding officer of the company or troop, and other commissioned officer. The Brigadiers will excuse the regiments from
are to be
duty the day they are mustered, if circumstances will admit of it.
tents,
it is
expected
The
want of
recommend
makes
it
necessary
commanding
officers of
shoes,
to the
The General
viding
it.
directs, that
This
is
easily
offal at
the slaughter-pens.
The General
is
orders that
to be
no
1777]
any of
them coming
to,
351
or returning
will be
severely punished.
70
barrels
All
commanding officers
essaries are
and
with water.
cleanliness.
all
the regi-
5^
1777.
self at liberty to
Army you
likely to
think
when you
70
A camp name
made without an
"fire-cake."
"The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
352
To
Quarters, Morris
Town,
[July
72
July
5, 1777.
As
at first.
supposed
it
illiberal
Your Exchange
would have taken
it is
wish to
known.
and had no doubt but
effect
it
tions
in.
am etc. 73
2d
Inst.,
the
July
5, 1777.
upon the
moved round from Prince's
Enemy's Shipping
all
Washington, N.
Y.,
MOVEMENT
1777]
OF TROOPS
353
Bay towards the watering place and the British and Foreign
Troops marched from the ground opposite to Amboy, to the
North End of Staten Island. The New Levies now lay from
Had
Inhabitants.
I
Howe
General
Army justifiable,
him
start of us;
so considerable a time to
remove
it
would
Baggage and
his
effect this.
River,
cient to
me
there, I
Assistance.
give
Enemy's intention
to
hope will be
Army
first
move up
the
Suffi-
arrives to their
who
Enemy.
which
transmitted in
conclude, that
was taken
but
made him an
offer of
354
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
employed.
[July
If you
think him entitled to his whole pay, I will grant him a Warrant.
Capt. Sullivan,
74
March
released in
it
A continuance
is
therefore
he
all
my opinion he is
entitled to it.
Money,
last,
I
shall be glad of
and
To
fallen
upon means
to replenish
Sir
it.
75
etc.
5th. in
my
1777.
upon
recommended by me.
I meant nothing more than
to propose
it
and
that
St Augustine,
for consideration,
it,
as
undertaking
74
appear to
me
intirely Solid
and
in 1778.
"The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
Satisfactory;
He was
exchanged
BRITISH MOVEMENTS
1777]
and
am
satisfied, that,
had
it
355
Success.
The Enemy,
at last
after
abandoned
it,
Jerseys,
have
it
to
have
at-
tempted passing the Delaware, unless they could first have given
a blow to this
and
so formidable a force
in full Spirits,
if
would be obliged
and
to be
on some
to fight us,
if
they did
it
at all,
on a very
different plan.
effect,
and with
we
little loss
to ourselves.
By the Motions among their Shipping, they appear to be preparing for some expedition by water;
it is
impossible to deter-
and Southern
States,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
356
necessary for
Howe and
[July
may
number
join their
to
Situation
is
Northward was such as merited notice, I have sent a reinforcement thither from Peekskill; and have dispatched a couple of
Brigades hence to that Post. We have also moved the whole
Army, to a position more convenient for throwing Speedy Succours over the North River, than the one we lately occupied, and
at the same time Sufficiently near to Philadelphia, to oppose any
attempt of the
With
great respect
and Esteem,
76
etc.
Sir I
:
was
last
July
6,
1777.
day sent
Tools for
I
beg they
which
is
to be sent
up
at
the
If the
"The
draft
is
AMMUNITION SUPPLIES
1777]
Number
sufficient
of
Teams
to transport your
357
Baggage and
would
a sudden,
and
altho' I
yet,
by looking out
on
a
if
little
wanted.
certainly get intelligence of our people's being there, for all the
Country are
their Friends.
am,
77
etc.
Dear
I
Your favour
Sir:
Enemy
1777.
received.
6,
was duly
upon an Emergency,
such aid as
may be
Kill,
than what
wanted
are yet
One
if
Knox
if it
can be
them
to
you by the
earliest
"The
draft
and
is
a suitable Supply of
in the writing of
Ammunition
Tench Tilghman.
number of
for
it.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
358
my
Since
still
new
nothing
The Enemy
has occurred.
on
there.
last
[July
fleet
are
lying
is
is
matter of incertainty.
Dear
Sir: Since I
of seeing you,
6, 1777.
Some of the
Officers
As
fected.
it
may
Guard, which
understand
would promise
would make
the attempt.
is
if
necessary,
rest
to
The
draft
is
in the writing of
go
it, I
in.
Should
shall expect
this en-
soon to
1777]
359
It
parties
may
to observe every
Motion of the
am
79
etc.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Morristown, July
Parole Tyringham.
6,
1777.
A Court of enquiry to
sit
to
morrow morning,
at
some con-
conduct of the
artillery Officers,
whose
80
last.
field pieces
The Court
were
lost
to consist of
The Commander
rade daily,
at the
is
first
of June
on other duty,
last,
requiring
He
wishes
it
to be im-
The
draft
is
in the writing of
J.
John Fitzgerald.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
360
requires
all officers
and
that the
arrest,
[July
any
commanding offi-
who fail
of
an exact
observance of them.
mand directing those men only who are under their immediate
care,
and
that in such
officer.
or delay
Those men
instruct
And
and
them.
the
more
effectually to
must
set
promote military
discipline in
by themselves,
exercise,
effects;
And
officers
more
They will know their own duty, and what they have a
from all who are under their command. The
right to expect
art;
become good
soldiers.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Morristown, July 7,
Parole Virginia.
1777.
is
fire of
the
COURT-MARTIAL SENTENCES
1777]
361
rear rank will most assuredly be lost, especially if the files should
happen
(as
is
John Halfpenny of the ioth Virginia regt. charged with " Getting drunk, raising a riot, and abusing his officers." No evidence
appearing against the prisoner, the Court ordered
released
him
to be
from confinment.
The Court
discharged Barney
Drum.
No
Herman Wynch
of the
German
Battalion, charged
with
"Mutiny, neglecting his duty, absenting himself from his company, and refusing to take his arms and accoutrements."
The
is
accoutre-
Company, charged with "Drunkenness, and assaulting his officer," found guilty, and sentenced to receive 100 lashes on his
bare back.
it
appearing by his
own
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
362
confession that he
[July
inlisted
North Carolina
troops,
to a
command
under the
detachment of
of Col.
Sumner,
81
it
they sentenced
him to
be
drumed
"Desertion."
Lewis Reed,
to be released
Israel
from confinement.
New Jersey regt. charged severally with "Desertion." No evidence appearing against the prisoners, the Court ordered them
to be released
It
from confinement.
their rations
81
Col. Jethro
from time
Sumner,
of the
are to
draw
UNCERTAINTY
1777]
363
the
7, 1777.
make no doubt, but, before this, you will have heard that
Enemy
have evacuated
This information
Jersey.
should
my
first
emArmy,
and
had
I
ployed in making a new
apprehended it materially interesting, that it should have come
Opportunity after the event; had not
attention been
disposition of the
When
General
Howe withdrew
and went
to Staten Island,
that time,
from Genl.
his forces
from the
from
this State
intelligence received, at
Canada
Army were on the Lake and approaching that Post, and from
every other Circumstance,
almost certain, to
It
movement would be up
the
Howe's
first
Officers
two
we then had.
But, I con-
this Subject, I
am now
Having
fess,
however
Satisfied
whether
to a real
their appearance
we
is
is
New York and Staten Island in the Course of a few days past.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
364
From their
as,
[July
up
Officers'
thought
it
that, if
States,
him.
and to
render every Service, compatible with our General line of defence and the interest of the States at large.
82
1777.
was put
recter General
into
my
delivered
it
immediately
As
82
The
draft
Governor
of
is
received your
New
the writing of
till I
Hampshire is
John Fitzgerald.
in the
last.
New
letter sent to
Society
and
the
in
is
LOAN OF ARMS
1777]
365
upon whose information your Complaint is grounded, I suppose you would not incline to bring the inquiry on before he
returns, But if you chuse to do it sooner, I have no objection. If
this matter, in my hurry of business slips my Memory, I beg
you will remind me.
By advices from
the
would
it
is
not passable in
Troops and
it
its
present State,
P. S.
come
to
hand.
am &ca.
meant
83
To EZEKIEL CHEEVER
Morris Town, July
Sir : Application having been made to
bull, for Liberty to
draw
a Quantity of
7, 1777.
be invaded.
Both draft and letter sent are in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The P. S. is
found only in the letter sent, the original of which is in the New Hampshire Historical
Society.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
366
you are
to furnish
to be considered as
a Loan and
To
was
am &ca. 84
Sir: I
[July
this
Quarters, Morris
Town,
shall
July 7, 1777.
that
the Fleet laden with Officers, Baggage and Stores put in pack-
compleated
I
think the
should
visit
Spirit
ob-
and
that quarter.
make enquiry
Springfield
and
if
into the
all
Govr. Trumbull.
Genl. Knox expects the Return on Saturday from Springfield
and
*The draft
is
in the writing of
John Fitzgerald.
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777]
367
The
P. S.
pay due
from the
is
Quarters, Morris
last
Stores at Springfield
and
is
all that
is
Town, July 7,
is
as
tridges
quick
whom
when
To
you are to
exactly
what
may
be sent for-
am,
1777.
Commissary of Military
the person to
ward
it
will bring
them
with Car-
safe
and dry
86
etc.
Sir: I
85
me this
The
me by
just sent to
Head
Sir:
is
Fleet,
To
Genl.Forman, which
deserters
to the Troops.
to
you the 2d
Inst.,
1777.
with a
Enemy
hav-
me
to suppose
it
highly probable,
Howe would
be up the North
also in
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
368
River. But as
the 26th. of
[July
last
Month,
first,
of
to
I
posts,
prevent our
drawing off any part of our forces from thence, and even occasion us to
is
real design
may
we
daily receive
from
We are told
fitting
up
in the
and
of
that Officers
them from
baggage
is
New York,
on Board
Names and the
continually transporting
marked with
their
if true,
denote an
surprize, but
may
them a proper reception. On my part, no Vigilance, nor exertions Shall be wanting, to ascertain their intentions, and give
give
effectual Assistance
Since
my
last I
and
that the
wherever they
Troops
intirely
now coming on
emptied of Arms;
1777]
Arms
369
at Springfield
is
a matter of
in private
is
official Letters.
impossible for
In case of
an
How
as well as
it
me to conceive.
Should such an
it,
towards
I shall
be obliged to
call for, is
and
Soon
as
Circum-
the above.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Morristown, July 8,
Parole Warwick.
1777.
The
P. S.
is
is
conduct of the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
370
Eustis
lost in
89
[July
examined divers
officers
and
relative
his officers
whole action, and that the loss of the field-pieces was inevitable,
they being
Jones
91
left
and the
coming
officers
bravery,
under
his
be-
action;
and that the loss of the piece commanded by Capt. Lieut. Archibald
As
was
inevitable,
it
being
left
on which some parts of the troops are encamped, may be less dry and healthy than others in the neighbourhood, and not so well watered, The Major Generals are
desired in such cases to shift the encampments of their divithe grounds
sions, or
less
favorable to the
corps will,
commanding
men 'till the close, or other part of the day, as they and their Surgeons shall judge most expedient.
Canteens,
Tomhawks and
it
more
The Quarter
articles, will
charge
And
the Captains
and
officers
NEGLECT OF ORDERS
1777]
commanding companies
of their
men, that
if
371
examine the
may
be
one cursory
after
if
Chief there-
A return
made
this
day
at
Such regiments
apply to the
as
tent, are to
Sir:
1777.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
372
Compass
[July
92
shall replace
To PRESIDENT
am &ca. 93
which
that
is
or
may
to
recommend such
a Measure with
all
Enemy may
with
all
possible advantage,
I trust
it
Distances of Places,
large a Scale as
P. S.
is
tolerably convenient.
scarcely think
it
much
am etc. 94
this
Work,
as
its
whom it is intrusted. 95
94
The
1777]
373
will
sible.
still
more defen-
but I
lam,
needful.
is
96
etc.
To
1777.
of Provisions
Hoops
will receive
from Majr.
and confusion
97
in aid of
banded.
If
can
exist.
""The draft
w The
is
it is
impossible
it
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
374
[July
to
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Morristown, July 9,
Parole Winchester.
1777.
1st.
in the
not been done; nor have returns of other kinds been regularly
made when
called for
make due
returns in future;
fail
of doing
it
may
conduct the
grand parade,
new
at eight
AFTER ORDERS
shall be
trial
of such prisoners as
is
appointed
Washington's
letter
was read
in Congress July
n, and
a committee,
composed
of
Philip Livingston, Elbridge Gerry, and George Clymer, were ordered to proceed at
once to the Army and "make a diligent enquiry into the state of the army, particularly into the causes of the complaints in the commissary's department, and to make
such provision as the exigency and importance of the case demands." (See Journals of
the Continental Congress, July II, 1777.) For the regulations governing the Commissary Department, see Journals of the Continental Congress of June 10, 1777.
""In the writing of Robert
Hanson Harrison.
MARCHING ORDERS
1777]
375
GENERAL ORDERS
Parole
The
tents of
morning
as soon as possible.
Gen.
Mifflin.
Guards
for
which
that from
and ready
this afternoon.
before the
march
his
Canteens are to be
begins, as
Women
no
filled
with water
The
On
the
mor-
All other guards will attend their duty in the several depart-
relieved,
moving with
their
charges respectively.
AFTER ORDERS
Each division (except Lord Stirling's) is to leave at Morristown a captain, two subalterns, three Serjeants, three corporals
and fifty privates. And Major General Lord Stirling's division
one subaltern, two Serjeants, two corporals and twenty-five
privates.
to
command
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
376
[July
Quarters, Morris
Town, July
10, 1777.
Hoops, that
would
it is
not true.
am the
unhappy
conclusions built upon it. I should rather suppose, if any accident has befallen us, it must have happened to the detachment
of Men from the Grants under Colo Warner, for we find from
Genl St. Clair's Letters he expected something from him. The
whole Account is so confused, that we cannot establish any
certain deduction from it, and shall be happy if it proves pre2
mature and groundless. I am told by a Gentleman, who came
to Camp yesterday Evening, that Nixon's Brigade would certainly arrive at Albany on Tuesday Morning, as he saw the
Vessels, in which It was embarked, standing up the Evening
the whole and does not authorize the unfavourable,
happened,
we
He
to
him by
American
Ann Hawkes Hay, whose story was that the greater part of the
were captured by the British near Skenesborough, N. Y. An account
Lieut. Col.
forces
of the evacuation
is
1,
p. 404.
1777]
if
and
377
mean,
push his
Arms further. Supposing this not to have happened, as our
Continental Levies are so deficient in their number, our secuto possess himself of our Posts in that Quarter
rity
and
from the
Militia should
If it has,
to
there
Upon
this occasion, I
now
apprehended.
is
may be
liberty to
and
much
to the
way,
Honors he
is,
that
Genl
St. Clair,
and the
against
to repair to the
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
378
Philadelphia
is
in a
his object,
few Hours.
Sir : I
from
ceived
Quarters, Morris
Town,
If that letter is
you in
it
my
than
it
will bear.
some misfortune
rather think
that
total defeat of
carried
at
Head
Dear
we can
instant,
To MAJOR
[July
If
assault, as the
had be-
our
Army
those posts
were
3rd.
and
5th.
would
arrive at
it.
Nixon's Brigade
Artillery
on.
at
on
Militia, to
assemble a
and referred
The
letter
was read
in Congress July it
MARCHING ORDERS
1777]
we
shall
Enemy
a check.
379
am exceedingly
Hours
will put
me out of Suspense.
am &ca.
hope a few
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Quarters,
Parole Alexandria.
Pompton Plains,
July
n,
1777.
at gun-firing if the
weather
is
good
to
morrow mornand
a march
to strike them,
No kind
of
baggage, besides the tents to be taken out of the waggons. Immediately after the morning gun, the General to be beaten thro'
the line instead of the Reveille.
march
to be in force to
The
seperate
Column
morrow. Each
its
own encampment.
of baggage to
direc-
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Quarters,
Parole Baskenridge.
As
Pompton
provisions,
immediately.
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tikhman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
380
[July
whoever is found
guilty of
it
shall
and
be severely punished.
are to deter-
18 Miles
Dear
Sir:
suspend
will
in truth,
it is
altogether unaccountable.
most
wish
it
was
in
patch the
Springfield,
and Cartridge Paper in proportion, and all the Musket Cartridges that are ready made. If you should want any more
Powder,
Springfield
and
it
Ten
field
stand the
management
of them.
1777]
381
Cannon with me, nor could I supply you by any other means,
than by taking them from the Forts in the Highlands, which
would be by no means proper, when we may every Moment
expect an attack there. Genl.
Knox
is
present in the Field. If Major Stevens has not fallen into the
better than
greater Skill.
Your demand
who
pretended to
much
of a further reinforcement of
all
as respectable as could
way
first division.
readiness,
St.
and
the
consist of as
is
many
as the
ordered to be held in
we
fall into
They
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
382
[July
you will, with them and your presgood Artillery, certainly be able to check
order,
determined upon,
till
we know Genl.
is
and what
am etc. 6
which has
taken place in the Evacuation of Ticonderoga and Fort Independence, though our Situation does not
make
it
prudent to
send on any very considerable reinforcements immediately, beit is necessary we Should be prewhen it can be more Safely done, and
have therefore to
desire,
is
warning, and
Same
at the
at a
moment's
number
of Vessels to trans-
You
Officer, to
as
may
be coming on be-
with Orders,
short route
to hasten
if
and
them on
The
draft
is
manner,
as
he
in the writing of
them come
to
Tench Til^hman.
DEFENSE OF HIGHLANDS
1777]
383
come on and go
thence by Water, he is to make them continue their march with
as to
all
render
speed,
it
more conducive
and on
their arrival
that
you should
to dispatch, to
are,
without the
manner
mean
to,
Ten
General
Knox
will
have
nearly
all
Genl. Howe's
Army
ward, makes
it
Our misfortune
to the
North-
if
fail to
rear as
is
would recommend
As
to
you
flanks
and
cross roads
leading from the Valley on the right of the great road from
make them
effectual.
Be
easily
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
384
operations, the
more
easily
am,
[July
etc.
had an intimation
of
When
hoped
last, I
least,
that they
were not so
Copy
of a Letter
it
to
hand
us, in its
is
it
took
place.
Main body
of the
For
I fear,
from the
The
fell
Army,
of
certainty,
whose
situation
on
this
to the
En-
disposition discovered
number.
1777]
385
It is
not in
my
power
to
of
Artillery with
from
Peekskill.
Ten
pieces of Field
where he
is
than here;
Nor can he be
much more
him
who
Putnam,
is
at this crisis:
to afford
if
my
Genl. Officers,
Number
of Recruits
at least,
advanced
supposing Genl.
St.
Clair
equal,
if
counts
we have obtained.
It is
most
Genl.
till
His
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
386
[July
we
my
last, I
may
as-
Genl Arnold for that purpose. Being more and more convinced
of the Important advantages that will result from his presence
and conduct, I have thought it my duty to repeat my wishes on
the Subject, and that he may, without a
set
moments
loss of time,
it is
am
If
not apprized.
Congress have taken Colo. Proctor and his Corps into the
with
all
sary
may have
It
ready. This
them
to
come on
Commis-
demand
as
our
is
great.
BURGOYNE'S PROCLAMATION
1777]
At
their just
387
in force, being
compliment.
Your Letter of the 8th was duly received and agreeable to your
I communicated to Genls. Greene and Knox the Resolution of Congress respecting them and Genl Sullivan, the last
9
of whom I have not seen since it came to hand. I have &c.
P. S. /2 after 8 PM I this Minute received a Letter of the
9th. from Genl. Schuyler, a Copy of which and of the Procla10
mation alluded to, you have inclosed. I fear more and more,
request,
and
his
To THE BOARD OF
Pompton
Sir :
loss as
of
WAR
Plains, July 12, 1777.
"The letters of Greene, Sullivan, and Knox, resigning if the reported appointment
Du Coudray were true. See note to Washington's letter to Richard Henry Lee,
2, p. 75,
New
his writing, is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
388
Army
for the
many,
have
if
not more,
new
it
[July
I believe,
of our
Arms
attend
more strictly to their duty, a set of Arms will be as necesAnnum, as a suit of Cloathes. I endeavour to remedy
is
sary pr
this evil, as
some
am
neglected in
number
and only
a report
made that
it is
the thing
is
done.
Nothing can be urged in excuse for such unsoldierlike behaviour, but the unsettled State which our Army has been in
since the
it is
to
you
I
say, are as
can only hope that time will make a reform in these Matters,
have been
at
and yet the Cloathier General assured me, that upwards of four
thousand Suits had been delivered to them.
as to the other States, as
cannot say
much on
much
the Subject
from them.
Knox informs me, that there are a Considerable NumArms yet at Cambridge, but he does not know how
many, perhaps they may make up the deficiency that you say
Genl.
ber of
MILITARY STORES
1777]
They
As
to
389
keep too
many
at
Arms
neither
one Place.
it is
happy that
would
probably have shared the same Fate with the other Stores
that Post.
my
it
at
have
Letter to
am &ca.
P. S. I mentioned, in some of my former Letters either to the
Board of War or Congress, the absolute Necessity which there
them
was
of,
Board of
and
War
Officers
thought proper.
fore
Competent
The
to the purpose,
and
is
not there-
would recommend
it
to
more
fully.
To
12
Sir: I
what you
"The draft
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
now
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
390
Stationed at
[Jo LY
Situation
Colo Cortlandt.
tions lately
little
room to doubt
may
renders
I
it
necessary that
ton's
13
Regiment, are
Service;
find, that
he has been
this
long
time dismissed from our Service for bad behaviour. Colo For-
man
says
he
is
Men he may
have enlisted
the British at
Jersey Volunteers. Barton's claim against the
as the Fifth Battalion,
for damages is printed in the Proceedings of the Loyalist Commissioners in
the Second Report of the Bureau of Archives of Ontario, 1904, vol. 1, p. 600, et seq.
known
Crown
New
APPOINTMENTS
1777]
since,
Account.
am &c.
as
391
14
was
Sir: I
this
12th. Agreeable to
13, 1777.
15
yr.
Brigade
Majr.
am,
of the
I
have
in Genl. Orders, a
under the
16
etc.
Dear
Inst, by
Sir: I
have
this
Mr. Conoly,
17
any
it
these
Officers
by
motion; but
if
draft
is
"Roger Alden was then adjutant of Philip Burr Bradley's regiment. He, later,
became Deputy Secretary of the Continental Congress.
"This draft, in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison, is entered on Huntington's
letter to Washington (July 12) recommending Roger Alden and is in the Washington
Papers.
"Michael Connolly.
He was
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
392
and request
River,
sible
that they
may
[July
be compleated with
all
pos-
appearance of things,
As
am,
must
Intreat
partic-
[ n.
y. p. l. ]
Sir: I
of what
as are in
in the
you to be very
18
To MAJOR
Dear
their strength
etc.
Since that
10
on from thence
to you, as Speedily
of lead.
It is
ing of
Clair
to conceive
18
of them.
am totally at a loss
The whole
affair is so
DISAPPEARANCE
ST. CLAIR'S
1777]
mysterious that
suppose
it
it
even
baffles conjecture. I
been
all
393
if
to
us,
they have
some channel or other, would have come to your knowledge. Sometimes I am led to doubt whether it may not be possible that they had recalled their design of retreating from the
of it by
forts
done
This
is
Enemy.
As soon
as
it
will permit
I shall
prosecute
21
its
Sir: I
inclosures.
had received
a Letter
Instt.
22
it is
to
recommend again, your attention and care to the matters menmy Letter of Yesterday by express. The blocking up
tioned in
St.
Alexander Hamilton.
Clair was retreating through Vermont.
The
22
draft
is
in the writing of
a.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
394
[July
think
all
me
still
am etc.
from the Low Grounds to proper places in the rear of the Posts
on the
heights. If the
Enemy come,
it is
it is
will be
security,
when you
and exertions
allude
to be
their
removal and
whole force
employed
are those in
to,
Encampment.
in another
Low Grounds
Upon
Peeks
HEATH
at
23
Dear
part,
and you
whole or in
me
13, 1777.
at this place.
was
an intent
ern Army.
to co-operate
It
to
all
that
The
present
know, which
is,
that General
pendence on the
23
I at
draft
is
Gun was
Hanson Harrison.
fired at or a
1777]
What
395
known.
Spirits
most extraordinary of
that
all, is,
St.
4,
upon the
Clair or the
Army. He must
man
fallen
Enemy's hands.
Genl. Schuyler
is
at
Fort
possible, as the
reinforcement
is all
As there never was so pressing an occasion for Troops, I entreat you will hurry on those remaining in
present Circumstances.
all possible
Army,
steer
whose Regiments
place. I
to
go to
that
men of your
to
still
Army,
all
in your
powers
am etc.
you send
off
Ammunition, which Should be delivered to the Officer and carried with their Baggage. If
it
will probably be
The
draft
is
damaged by Weather
it is
24
in die writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
396
To
[July
TRONSON DU COUDRAY
13, 1777.
out of
form
my power
what I said
in my last with respect to the heavy pieces that came in the
Amphetrite, and to suppose, that I considered them as intirely
unfit for Service and incapable of transportation. I meant only
to point out the inconveniency of them in comparison with
others of a much lighter construction, and the advantage that
would be derived from casting them over, and producing three
pieces of a larger calibre instead of one; and informed you that
with a view to these, I had given directions for them to remain
at Springfield and be cast anew upon the model on which the
pieces generally in use in our army are constructed. I am Sensible that they might be made use of; but I am convinced from
my own experience and that of others, that their weight is a
the purport of
with great
difficulty
Woody
lost
and
it is
in Horses
two
and
on
reason to believe
them.
is
the case
from any
which
description
have no
have had of
ARTILLERY TECHNIQUE
1777]
397
To
compensate for
this disadvantage, I
of only
two
know
it
and easily portable For field Artillery, being designed to act against numbers, to do execution,
the object ought to be near, and within reach of grape Shot.
If it is, the distance to which the piece will carry is nearly out
of the question, and the difference in the exactness of which
to that of a piece being light
little
difference,
if
any, in the
25
firing,
but this
moment, compared with the inconveniences that attend it, and we have found by experience, that those in use with
is
of
little
The
alteration I propose,
only to reduce
them
is
not a
new
experiment.
mean
to the
this
^At
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
398
[July
This observation
is
all things, is
it
has been
not of importance
enough to make it expedient to forego the advantages of reducing them to a more portable Size, and increasing the number
by casting them over.
You also misconceived, what I said with respect to the light
Cannon, waiting at Springfield, till Ammunition Waggons
and Men sufficient for them, could be prepared to accompany
them.
till
a proper
number
of
till
Men
the
Waggons
to manoeuvre
them could be
them
for-
ward. Twenty light pieces and two heavy are by this time at
or very near Peeks Kill, and the remainder of the light will
come on
as
and other
necessaries.
since he has been in this Country, has been such as to acquire him
every proper
mark
of attention; yet
Knox
or myself
it
DU COUDRAY'S ADVICE
1777]
our measures
intirely
by them, in an
399
much
affair of so
conse-
American
he only
Service,
acts as
re-
thing you
me
in
official
what
capacity;
light
am
to
hereafter take place; or to suppose you invested with any character, that they have
it
would be
eral
that Capt.
pieces
De Goy
coming on,
good
and
as every thing
train, I
do not think
seems to
it
me
necessary
as
you recommend.
am etc. 26
To EZEKIEL CHEEVER
Pompton Plains, July
13, 1777.
sary nature,
and
am happy
to hear
you were
accomodated.
'The draft
is
in the writing of
Alexander Hamilton.
likely to get
it
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
400
[July
that nothing in
would particularly recommend, as demanding your greatest attention, activity and circumspection, which
is, that you should have all the Stores and Articles committed
to your charge, in such a train, as to move them in case the sitis
thought
events
it
it is
impossible to
tell
what
take measures
number
of
of exigency.
depends.
P. S.
tridges
I
is,
which
Waggons
Upon
am
dont
you a
Sufficient
Command,
in a time
etc.
care, the
making
28
of Car-
but
beg
29
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Pompton Plains, July
Parole Canterbury.
13, 1777.
sentences
and 9th
instant,
"Messing with
27
80
vizt:
common
soldiers,
and speaking
disrespectful
Lieut. Col.
COURT-MARTIAL SENTENCES
1777]
officer of
401
The Court
determine whether he
They
is
officer of
of the matter (as to the charge of his messing with private soldiers) related
command-
ing officer of the regiment he belongs to, at the head of the regi-
away from
he was
in.
Steel's
Independent
ranks,
81
company was
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
402
to receive
One hundred
on board one
lashes
[July
to be sent
Lieut.
charged with
disobedience of orders"
manded
in General orders
officer,
of
whom
it is
good
is
and disgraceful
is
ex-
testified, that in a
and
Spirit"
should
so essential to
to the service,
repri-
form
highly injurious
A neglect,
to the subject of
it
which,
if
Lieut. Carrington
32
The
Court
is
Virginia Regimt.
the prisoner
is
And
was
justi-
82
Lieut.
Mayo
Carrington.
He was
Regiment
in
September, 1778; captain-lieutenant in October, 1778; captain in May, 1779; quartermaster of Woodford's brigade in 1779; deputy quartermaster of the Southern Army
from December, 1779, to May, 1780; captured at Charleston, S. C; remained a prisoner on parole to the end of the war.
WHIPPING DESERTERS
1777]
403
The witnesses, to
first
Mary-
"Desertion"
on
fifty
Serjt. Silver of
orders"
Artillery,
when
order'd to do
it
by
and sentenced
The Commander
sentences of a General Court Martial, held the 10th Inst, whereof Col.
33
war"
1st.
Maryland Regiment
subject to be tried
sentenced
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
404
14th. Virginia
on
twenty-five lashes
pleaded guilty
his bare
back
[July
sentenced to receive
but
it
appearing in
soldier,
evi-
and
The Commander in
pleaded
sen-
guilty
James McMullen of Capt. O'Harra's Company, in Col Hazen's Regiment, charged with " Desertion, with a view of getting
to Ireland"
lashes
sent
inlisted for.
they belong
to.
John Morgan of Col. Green's regiment, charged with "Desertion, inlisting twice,
pleaded
officer in Col.
Wyllys's battalion
who
him.
with "Desertion"
pleaded guilty
render
it
any
1777]
405
what
officer inlisted
commanding
offi-
Abraham Hamiston of Capt: Durkee's Independent Company, from Wyoming, charged with "Desertion"pleaded
guilty
sentenced to receive
Matthew Myers
with "Desertion"
on
fifty lashes
charged
concerning him.
As
the weather
ders a gill of
From
is
army, that
it is
move
of the
wards
it 'till
Army may
may
be taken
be
to-
further orders.
Thomas Fosdick
Esqr.
was on the
first
instant appointed
is
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, at Van Aulen's,
Parole
Countersigns
own division.
The Quarter Master General with his deputies will mark out
the ground for the encampment of each division to morrow
And as the army will arrive on its ground early in the day
as soon
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
406
as the
[July
its
brigade to night,
'tis
of
from the
left,
it
in half
served this day, saving that the baggage (as before directed)
which it belongs As
no part of the army is to halt 'till it
the distance
is
arrives at the
If it
in
its
not great,
ground
should rain to
for encamping.
morrow morning,
the
army
to
is
remain
present encampment.
On a
march neither
officer,
nor
soldier, is to
Commander
pay a
salute, or
passing by.
Pumpton Plains,
July 14, 1777.
Sir
fatiguing March,
owing
to the
late Rains. I
intend to proceed
Morning towards the North River, if the Weather perAt present it is cloudy and heavy and there is an Appearance of more Rain.
in the
mits;
LOSS OF TICONDEROGA
1777]
407
35
Dear Sir: I last night received your favour of the 10th. Instt.
Amidst the unfortunate reverse that has taken place in our
affairs, I
in the
am happy to hear Genl. St. Clair and his Army are not
had become
prisoners.
amounted
to five thousand
Men,
in
34
36
30
An extract of this letter is in the Washington Papers. Ford states that St. Clair's
force consisted of 2,089 effectives, rank and file, including 124 artificers (unarmed),
besides the corps of artillery, and about 900 militia, who had joined him to stay only
a few days. "Many of these were mere boys, altogether incapable of sustaining the
naked and ill-armed, not above one bayonet to every tenth man,"
wrote to Governor Bowdoin on July 9. He did not effect a junction with
fatigues of a soldier,
as St. Clair
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
408
[July
We should never
changed for the better, so I trust, it will again. If new difficulties arise, we must only put forth New Exertions and proportion
our Efforts to the exigency of the times.
It is
with pleasure
munition.
I confess, I
Am-
which occasioned
all
me
to order
A redundancy of Stores
is
is
not
at
should require
forces.
it,
more
me to
what
Emergency.
advise
have, respecting
but
fit
Troops by
them more
marching by Land in
cases of
BRITISH AT SANDY
1777]
HOOK
409
Gentlemen here, who seem to consider it extremely defenand of great importance. They say, that a spirited, brave,
sible
render
it
impracticable,
to take a
if
not
much more
submit
it
to
is
best
am etc. ss
fell
down
to the
Hook on
Howe
Sunday, but
at this place,
Knox
takes.
have not
informs
me
To the criticism of the evacuation of Fort George, Schuyler replied (July 18):
''The Fort was part of an unfinished Bastion of an intended Fortification. The Bastion was closed at the Gorge, in it was a Barrack capable of containing between thirty
and fifty Men; without Ditch; without well; without Cistern; without any picket to
prevent an Enemy from running over the Wall; so small as not to contain above an
hundred and fifty Men; commanded by Ground greatly overlooking it, and within
point Blank Shot, and so situated that five hundred Men may lay between the Bastion
and the Lake, without being seen from this extremely defensible Fortress. Of the
(
one was a Float and tolerably fited, the other still upon the Stocks;
two had been upon the Water, they would have been of little Use without
Rigging or Guns " Schuyler's letter is in the Washington Papers.
;
88
vessels built there,
but,
if
the
The
draft
is
Hanson Harrison.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
410
imagine
all
[July
remain
at
is
coming on,
is
to
*To JOSEPH
am &ca. 39
TRUMBULL
Clove, July 15, 1777.
from Colo. S. B.
Webb informing me, that Mr. Wadsworth had sent to his care,
for my use, four Quarter Casks of Cane Spirits, one of Madeira
Wine, and one large Cheese, which he desires I would direct
Dear
Sir: I
have
(at least
where
to send
them
to)
have
to give
this
to get the
Liquer
safe,
this reason
it is I
find
Dr.
Sir,
Yr.
[cs.l.]
etc.
To COLONEL
HUGH HUGHES
Clove, July 15, 1777.
Sir:
ing.
If
me
he writes
me that he
has
The
draft
is
in the writing of
is
rather scant of
Ammu-
Tench Tilghman.
there.
WINE, CHEESE,
1777]
If
AND MAP
to your
411
had
better send
them
to
some
of
Genl. Schuyler, he wrote for 500; but only 200 are going on just
now. He also desires that you would send parties over the River
and mend the Roads Eight or Ten Miles from King's Ferry towards
it is
this place,
uncertain which
way
the
*To
Dear
Sir:
Your favour
You have my
hand.
Cheese, which
may
be.
is
just
wherever
place, or
of yesterday's date
come
to
am perswaded,
put
if
it
to be Stolen or adulterated
41
Colo.
Trumbull
it
42
me
at this
went from
suffer
it
it
be
was
40
The
led to believe
Tench Tilghman.
and the "spirits" consisted of four quarter casks of "Cane
Spirits," otherwise Jamaica rum, and a "One Qr. Cask of Madeira Wine."
42
Joseph Trumbull, Commissary General of Stores of the Continental Army, had
the complimentary title of colonel, which Washington's letters to him do not use.
draft
"Webb
was
is
in the writing of
at Peekskill,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
412
[July
put upon the same footing with the Eight of that State
in hopes to have
I
was
am etc. 43
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Clove, July
15, 1777.
officer
of the day; other orders issued the 4th. Instant, respecting the
each day to
it
make
all officers
are
stant,
The Commander
commanding
respective brigades, and read to them those
commanding officers of corps are in like man-
Corps in their
orders;
and the
them
all
and
all
who
are
And
them
the
march
still
is
more
of his brigade,
and
^The
text
(Ford edition,
is
particularly of the
it
and agreeably
to orders.
New
ATTENTION TO ORDERS
1777]
Advantage
is
it is
413
No delay
very uncertain
how
is
to be
made in this
may move
again And for the same reason, all officers and soldiers are to
keep near their quarters, and on no pretence to ramble about
the country, without leave
Brigadiers,
first
obtained by
officers
from
their
manding corps.
All waggons are
and get
in their proper order for marching; and when the army moves
again, the officers and waggon masters are to see that they are
more equally loaded than they have been And when any men
fall sick on their march, they are not to be put into the heavy
loaded baggage waggons, but left to be taken up by the empty
waggons which follow in the rear for that end.
to join their respective brigades,
be distributed
is
And
Commander in
make returns
than
is
Chief most
of
no more
The Commander
their
make
wanted
them
as
binding
strictly
observed, and
at all times.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Clove, July
Parole Effingham.
is
16, 1777.
dissolved.
is
to
sit
trial
forenoon,
of all prisoners
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
414
which
shall
[July
44
is
ap-
Sir: I
16, 1777.
of
whom,
more
certainty
intend to
Howe does
45
I am &ca.
whether Genl.
move up
the River.
till I
shall
see
with
44
45
The
draft
is
in the writing of
New
Jersey Regiment.
Tench Tilghman.
He
1777]
CAPTURE OF PRESCOTT
415
Army
at this place,
from whence
stances
If
may
as
circum-
require.
Genl Nash
46
him to proceed
my further
as far as
this
Tren-
after
him with
them
Army
to join the
immediately, for
enough
expect the
hope those of
this State
and
Schuylers Assistance, as
be wanted.
I shall
be very happy
if
the
Committee
as will
at the
same
past. I
have been
the
Honor
many
of
late,
have
47
etc.
To
16, 1777.
of
Brig.
He
Germantown, Pa.
"In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
48
wounds
416
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
a Letter, this
presume are
[July
at large in the
49
his
Com-
Howe and
myself,
but will release Lt. Colo Campbell and the Hessian Field Offi-
cers
in
ment should join this Army without loss of time. Upon consulting Genl Knox, we are of opinion, they had better halt at
Trenton with Genl Nash, till further Orders, as the operations
of Genl Howe are not yet perfectly understood. I have nothing new from the Northern Department and only to add that,
I
50
etc.
49
Lieut. Col. William Barton. With a party of 40 he made a night raid on Rhode
Island and captured Prescott, one of his aides, and the sentry at Prescott's quarters, so
quietly that the British did not discover it until Barton's party had almost reached the
mainland on their return journey. Barton was a lieutenant colonel of Rhode Island
Militia, and Congress, on July 25, voted him a sword. On December 24 Congress
voted that Barton be promoted to the rank and pay of a colonel in the Continental
Army. (See Journals of the Continental Congress.) Maj. Gen. Joseph Spencer's brief
account of the enterprise is in his letter of July 11 to Washington, which is in the
Washington Papers.
60
"This
EXCHANGE OF PRESCOTT
1777]
mode
judicious a
quiry, that he
it
417
appear,
at present I
upon
in-
can scarcely
it.
could be
most
trivial disorder or
(in
Arms to
Sutlers,
have not
To SIR WILLIAM
HOWE
his
Letter
and
Spirit of the
Honor
The
&ca.
53
draft
is
in the writing of
'The draft
is
John Fitzgerald.
Hanson Harrison.
have
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
418
[July
Sir:
Gentlemen
me
two Regiments,
that
many
lately
com-
Colo. Douglass.
have to
may
may
and
fill
My wish
he is to occupy.
eral Officers
is,
Genwith
the Country about you as you can, particularly with the passes,
may
manner, that
am &ca. 54
17, 1777.
Dear Sir: I have the pleasure of your favour of the nth. conveying the agreeable intelligence of the capture of Genl.Prescot
his
which,
"The
if it
draft
is
John Fitzgerald.
Lee,
from a disagreeable
PRAISE OF BARTON
1777]
419
and if it
proportion in our
fails, it
will
still
an-
minds
in those of his
and our
Officers
and the
Officers
of the public,
and
is
and enterprising a
Spirit, as
It
discovers so intrepid
am etc. 55
THOMPSON
Sir:
with
delay,
17, 1777.
its
inclosures
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Alexander Hamilton.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
420
refer you.
[July
upon
Money can
able, will
reasonable Indulgence.
Before the receipt of this you will probably have heard of the
and One of his Aids. I conupon this event, and wish fortune would throw
into our hands some other Genl. Officer by which your Exchange might be effected. I am etc.
P. S. I have returned the Officers Notes and Accounts against
56
them, which you transmitted.
Captivity of Major General Prescot
gratulate you
Sir: I
WEBB
and wine.
am
happy
regiment.
as I
It is
to hear
a desirable object;
and
You will make out an exact list of your officers and the dates
of their appointments,
missions will be
Times
M The
made
is
Commissions may be
Hanson Harrison.
GUARDING OF PRESCOTT
1777]
filled
up
and complaints.
To
am,
57
etc.
Sir: I
I
421
its
inclosures.
learnt. I
have
not heard from General Schuyler since the ioth.,he was then at
Fort Edward, and expected that General
at
St. Clair,
who was
Bedford with the Troops that he brought off, would join him
in a
few
days.
lowed
his success
with
much
rapidity.
fol-
reinforcement of
not without
lects again,
Confusion;
am
informed
is
very
strong by Nature.
The
will give us
him
think Gen-
Until
this matter, I
I
know
would not
have
from
The
text
is
vol. i.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
422
General Prescott
is
to be sent to
by no means a place of
effect
I
Windham, which he
Safety, as
it
would be
easy for
says
him
is
to
therefore beg he
into
[Jolt
A Vigilant
more than
it is
may
am &ca. 58
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Clove, July
17, 1777.
Some
ton
59
and Johnston
60
Hump-
and
after
mander
The
in Chief.
keep them in order, occasions so great a waste of ammunition, that the General orders, in very pointed and positive terms,
B8
The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The phrase in brackets is in the
writing of Washington.
60
Col. Richard Humpton, of the Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment. He was transferred to the Tenth Pennsylvania Regiment July i, 1778, to the Sixth Pennsylvania
Regiment in January, 1781, and to the Second Pennsylvania Regiment in January,
1783; brevet brigadier general in September, 1783; served to November of that year.
80
Col. Francis" Johnston, of the Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment. He retired in Jan-
uary, 1781.
&?A~f*
^.'X^-
**
TtLta^
"
<3
/ <7
'
'
-'-
J?'--
'
tCe^J-
'4
'
'
<?
'
'
<Zf-j-*z
/"
S?Ca <&c-j&i^^a&-
/ V S
S-~>
*-
'
s*-
'
sS
-^
J,
'
'
r\
*S
..*
&c<. *ZLe
s"
oj
'^Ar^
&,
*-
'
,^S
e^Sii^-^L-t^^te^ .rfo-z
-^x-- a^iz-e-e^
Acts*-
a*.
'
'
*yp-~*f '-,-../-
^-zt-iPj
K.
-z.
%.,'yOXXA.^t^r
ift-x/2. jC?
<&y^>^^'SZ&4Z^
1777]
423
kind
after
being relieved.
adhered to (and
it is
positively
means
is
more
hurtful
wet pow-
damp weather.
One hundred and eighty tents are arrived in camp; such as
are destitute may now be supplied therewith But previous to
the delivery of them, returns must be made to the Quarter
Master General from each brigade of the number of men in
each Corps belonging to the brigade, and of the tents now
der, or in
The Adjutant
is
to
distribution of them.
AFTER ORDERS
is
all
proper
The cartridges used in the Continental muskets were made of paper. They were
manufactured by private soldiers or at the laboratory at Springfield, Mass., and
magazines elsewhere. They were prepared for loading by biting through the powder
end before being rammed down the barrel. The exposed powder was fired by the
spark from the flintlock acting on the priming in the pan.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
424
and encamping
make
at,
[July
King's-ferry.
Doctor Cochran
and
the sick;
is
and condition of
appear proper.
Each brigade
morrow
at
is
to furnish a
on the way
to
mills, about a
mile from
Head
Pompton.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole Germany.
The Commander
is
them
in execution.
John Van Dyck of the 2nd. New Jersey Regt. charged with
"desertion, and stealing three hundred dollars" found guilty,
and sentenced
on
62
tenced to receive
fifty lashes
62
This Captain Lane is not easily identified. The two Lanes that appear in the rolls
of the Second New Jersey Regiment were both lieutenants at this date and for many
months afterwards. There was at this date a Capt. Henry Luce, of the Second New
Jersey Regiment, who may possibly be the man.
PUNISHMENT OF DESERTERS
1777]
ist.
425
sertion"
fifty lashes
on
found
on
guilty,
of
lashes
Symes.
in the
and
Pennsylv: Regiment."
of the 12th.
"Desertion"
lashes
sertion"
fifty lashes
on
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
426
am
63
to
FORMAN
Harrison,
[July
all
recruiting
till
own quota was made up, that I had given to several others,
which was,
The
rated
that
it
If
is
corrobo-
they will stand ofT out of sight of land before they steer either
from us, if they do this, it will not be worth your while to send
an express to this distance meerly to acquaint me that they have
gone to sea. But if they tack shortly after they leave the Hook,
and shape their Course either Eastward or Southward I shall
be glad to know
cer at
it.
If
64
am,
Offi-
65
etc.
Sir:
As
Enemy have
18, 1777.
10th. instant, I
am
was
Maj. William Harrison, of Forman's Additional Continental regiment. He resigned in July, 1778.
"Forman was stationed in Monmouth County, N. J., at this time.
65
In the writing of Tench Tilghman. The original is in the library of Rutgers University,
New
Brunswick, N.
J.
CONDUCT
ST. CLAIR'S
1777]
427
first letter,
concerning
of the Assistance
wrote
up Genl. Arnold, provided the matter before them respecting his Rank was settled
in such a manner that determined him to continue in service.
Upon my requisition, Genl. Arnold waving, for the present, all
dispute about rank, left Philadelphia and arrived here last Evening, and this day proceeds on his Journey to join you. Altho'
he concieves himself, had his promotion been regular, Superior
in command to Genl. St. Clair, yet he generously, upon this
to Congress
the
to send
to act in concert.
need
all
him the confidence of the public and of the Army, the Eastern
Troops in particular. I will not condemn or even pass a censure
upon any
Genl.
St.
own
it
which
upon an
a duty
Character, to insist
thought tenable
apt to
few days
before, he,
cause he
his
own
letters,
Clair has
good
justi-
if
Genl.
St.
unaccountable, by
try. If
by
he
is
all
undoubted right
or gives
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
428
evacuation.
gress.
By
I shall, as
desire, transmit a
Copy of it to Con-
more
you
tity
you
off
Ten
have already
of Cartridges ready
Ball,
which you
in
[July
made
and
sufficient to
Tons
six
of
All the
Camp Kittles that were to be spared from this place and PeeksKill, are
most
heartily
wish
making an exact scrutiny into the number of Tents here, and if any can be drawn from the Regiments,
they shall be sent to you, tho' they be but few. The remainder
Tents. Genl. Mifflin
is
my present
Situa-
upon
it;
and
per-
it
may
fatal
Consequences.
The
if
thirty
immediately away.
If
no particular
safety, let
it
be done.
make
New
I trust
a vigorous defence.
that every
I
am etc. 66
18, 1777.
The draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
first
or
MARCH OF MILITIA
1777]
429
second division of the Troops of your State; or should stay behind to forward the remaining recruits, in answer to which,
I
recommended
I
to
division.
Camp, and
am
late a
if
you
make.
am etc. 67
OF WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS
AND NEW HAMPSHIRE
Head Quarters at the Clove, July 18, 1777.
Gentlemen: The evacuation of Ticonderoga has opened
door for the
Enemy,
to penetrate the
unless speedily
Northern parts
North River with General Howe and thereby cut off the
communication between the Eastern and Southern States. I
of the
need not represent to you how fatal such a measure could prove
to the interests
States. It
cannot be
at pres-
progress of the
for support in
67
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
430
your
march with
command and
this, if
[July
rendezvous
it
under
some other place by General Schuyler or Arnold. I would recommend it to you to engage your Men to remain in Service for
a limited time, to be regularly relieved by others at the expiration of that time.
We
it
part of whom
may
shall
then
will be also
have to
the
Men,
General Arnold,
at
my
ular,
who
is
and
direction, repel
an
will,
under
his
Conduct and
Borders
murder to desolation.
P. S. This to be
to the other.
68
am &ca.
69
instant.
The
18, 1777.
State of
particular in
See note to Washington's letter to the President of Congress, July 12, 1777, ante.
draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The P. S. is in that of Richard
Kidder Meade. This letter was written at the suggestion of Robert R. Livingston,
who in a letter (July 16) advised such a move: "The eastern counties of this state
[New York] are far from being so well affected as I could wish, and I am not without some apprehensions of the enemies receiving assistance from that quarter. Our
Neighbour States do not discover the forwardness which the occasion requires and
two regiments have even marched off at this important moment." Livingston's letter
is in the Washington Papers. Ford prints this as to the Massachusetts and Connecticut
brigadier generals.
69
The
AN ABSENT OFFICER
1777]
own
431
Gist's
to the
a chance of raising
Southward are
for-
am etc. 70
18, 1777.
Your favour of the 6th. instant has been duly handed me.
time
when your
necessary. But as
is
so essentially
pair to
and
shall expect
you will
still
obstacles to your
re-
coming forward,
show
after the
I
that
one
shall think
indispensably incumbent
vested in
70
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
432
Campaign
[July
if
most im-
any
Officer's
time he
is
must be taken
some other
to
to the Station
he was to
fill.
am &ca. 72
To JAMES MEASE
Head Quarters at the Clove, July
Sir: I
18, 1777.
am sorry to
find that you are likely to fall short in the supply of so material
an Article
as that of Shoes.
am
informed, are in a
thin french
I
pumps
therefore beg
when
You must
which are generally too small, the same complaint lies against
most of your Cloathing, which do not do half the service that
they would, if they were larger. It may look like oeconomy but
it is
fairly,
is
T2
to be superseded."
who
this
If
you
NORTHERN SITUATION
1777]
433
can send any of them with the Shoes, they will be most acceptable to the
Army.
am &ca. 73
14th
Inst.,
which he
now
received a Letter
alludes to, a
with transmit.
He
of his Letter
War
here-
view.
ing as
My
after, Six
Tons of musket
Ball to be forwarded to
him from
Peeks Kill with all possible expedition, which, I doubt not, have
arrived at Albany.
those
mentioned in
power;
74
etc.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
434
To ROBERT
R.
LIVINGSTON
and
shall
[July
18, 1777.
I feel
am
But we must look forward to more fortunate events. The evacuation of our Posts on the Lake has taken place, and cannot
be recalled.
sachusetts
and
New Hampshire
States,
as
may
and
own
particular secu-
interesting conjuncture,
Succour
should hope, from the apparent necesat this time, that they will
not be back-
ward in affording all the means they may possess, for checking
Mr. Burgoyne's progress. The General
interest of
America,
the Militia
you with and must request, that after sealing, you will direct
and forward it to the one most Contiguous with a requisition,
that
it
DESERTION PUNISHMENT
1777]
am persuaded and
435
am etc. 75
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole
Countersigns
Board of General
Officers not
noon,
at
on duty,
to
to
morrow
General
The Commander
in Chief
is
vizt.
from confinement.
The Court having no evidence against him, orhim to be released from confinement.
Matthew Myers of the 3rd. Pennsylvania Regt. charged with
"Desertion"
dered
"Desertion"
on
fifty lashes
fifty lashes.
Frederick Miller of Col. Stewarts regiment from Pennsylvania, charged with "Desertion";
to receive fifteen lashes
5
The
draft
is
on
Hanson Harrison.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
436
in Chief,
[July
Courts' request,
is
with "Desertion"
prisoner, ordered
Pennsylvania Regt."
fifty lashes.
Corporal Miller,
McClure,
Serjt.
Serjt.
to
make
body of
and disobedience of
The
to
regiment, by the
ceive one
hundred
lashes
on
5th. Pennsylv:
Regiment, charged
sentenced to receive
Pennsylv: regiment"
fifty lashes
on
76
in-
to be
re-
officers
happened in regiments
70
Capt. John Reese, of the Third Pennsylvania Regiment.
the year 1777.
He
1777]
undertaken to
fill
MARCH OF ARMY
437
draw pay
them
up, and
them appointed
continuance of
no person
it is
absolutely forbidden :
And
henceforward
thority, or intitled to a
Such regiments
any au-
as lately
made
AFTER ORDERS
The whole army is to be ready to march to morrow morning at five o'clock, when the march is to begin Each brigade
march
from the left; followed by its baggage General Maxwell's leading, and forming the van-guard,
and General Muhlenberg's bringing up the rear, and forming
the rear guard; in the same manner as when the army marched
to this place; The tents are to be struck at Gun firing, and
everything packed up with the greatest dispatch. Genl. Greene
is
to
off
by
files
mounted from
To COLONEL ELIAS
his division.
DAYTON
Yours of
this
morning has
this
just
Number
own and
with your
Express, as
77
it
Colo.
am, etc.
77
[h. s.p.]
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
438
[July
am
Sir: I
19, 1777.
pleased to find
of the letter
strike a
declaration, they
if
they were to
England for playing a Game of the same kind in the year 1755.
There
is
St. Clair's
78
you
it
marched amounts
to 2830, there
Edward, by the
in force
who
latest accounts,
from Skeensborough.
whom
I
is
the
Enemy had
not advanced
the
Army and
Militia in par-
be put in a more
favourable train.
Since the Congress passed the Resolve that there should be
have
my
The appointment
1777]
CONGRESS COMMITTEE
Howe
439
this
good policy
I
still
am
have
advanced the
thing that has since turned up, the occasion for them, especially
to the
Northward,
P. S. Inclosed
upon
the
same
is
more
is
pressing.
a letter which
subject
if
is
am etc.
one of many
have received
him
his
79
least
demand, or he
I refer
the
shadow of
will write
80
81
and
little
Notice
19, 1777.
ought to be
79
Rev. John Allen, a chaplain. He first wrote Washington about his claim for pay
April 20, 1776.
80
The draft is in the writing of Tench Tilghman. The letter sent, also in Tilghman's writing, is in the Massachusetts Historical Society and varies from the draft in
capitalization only.
letter to
(See note to
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
440
manner
in
[July
which they
are offered.
The completion
unessayed to accomplish
it.
this
but
if it
mode, next to
a matter
is
Speediest
and most
would recommend,
person of known activity (one for Instance who has been a good
re-
warded for each Recruit, and Deserter whom they shall deliver
at stated Periods, and places, to Officers appointed to receive,
discipline, and March them to the Army, none of these Recruiters to have the smallest power to act out of their own districts
Offi-
be
the most effectual means, which can be devised, for the recovery
of Deserters, the surest
means
equal strength and of making the duty more equal in the detail
In a word,
of
it.
it,
whilst
satisfied I
operate)
mean
the keeping so
many
Officers in
The
till
Camp who
the Regiments
States as to
1777]
With
we
441
of
it.
Our
Soldiers, the
much
Rum
remedy
is
providing)
attended us
last
is
to be ascribed, the
many
Campaign.
If these evils
can be
obstacles.
if
easily
be
ployed therein.
Soap
is
is
now
mean while
every provision to be
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
442
[July
The Consequence
of giving
of bestowing this
Army, on the
on
Inferior StafT,
on
all
acct.
departments of the
The
it
in
undertakings,
it
War, to adopt novel customs to bring it into diswhich must and will be the consequence of making it
fant state of
credit,
too
is
adjust the
I am, with
numerous complex
1777]
all
regimental
it;
443
accts. is alto-
for these
Men
Measure under
ciently uninfluenced.
Nor
from the
Army.
where the
them.
If
to
am
America.
It
would enable us to
give speedy
If
the People
444
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
emissaries
among
us
commonly draw
[July
of any misfortunes
we
which they must naturally feel from the frequent deception they
are exposed
to,
would
business in
of taking
Copies of any orders or other matters that require to be dispersed and would save a good deal in returns and other papers
writing for
I
inge-
it
who
are
many disagreeamong others, this is not the least, that Officers will
think themselves much injured to have the Men they have had
that Corps; but even this will be attended with
able effects;
is
something in
Spirits of a
good
Officer
who
past,
and
or
who
is
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777]
445
tryed by a Genl. Court Martial under the Resolution of Congress of the 21st of Augt. 1776,
the
Honor
and punished
as a Spy.
have
82
etc.
83
of, is, whether you have received any further accounts from Genl.
up
the Sound.
Whether they
I shall
is
rassing.
82
The
am &ca. 84
as to spelling
Congress resolved that the board be empowered to contract for beer, cider, vegetables,
soap, vinegar, and sauerkraut; that Washington be empowered to increase the ration
of soap, and to appoint Erskine geographer and surveyor of the roads, and to procure,
govern, and pay the guides employed under him; Washington to fix the pay of the
geographer and guides. The question of clothing was recommitted and the recommendation of the board that the Quartermaster General be ordered to furnish the
printing press was laid on the table. (See ]ournah of the Continental Congress.)
88
Sunday, July 20. At Galloway's in the Clove: "Went from Suffern's tavern into
the Clove 11 miles. Headquarters at Galloway's, an old log house. The General
lodged in a bed, and his family on the floor about him. We had plenty of sepawn
and milk, and all were contented." Pickering's Journal.
84
The draft is in the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
446
[July
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, at Galloways, Smith's Clove,
July2i,i777.
Parole
Countersigns
85
The waggon Masters are to see that the horses under their
much as possible on grass this day, and save
what grain and dry forage they have. The Waggoners are to
stay by their horses, to prevent their doing damage to corn, flax
&c for if such things are damaged thro' their negligence, they
direction feed as
The Q. M. Genl.
serve
what
is
injuries they
The General
is
They
out provisions;
this
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, at Galloways,
Smith's Clove,
July 22, 1777.
Parole
Countersigns
AFTER ORDERS
^No
is
17771
447
and there wait for further orders. General Greene's division, and the park of artillery to march back
to Suffern's, whither also the baggage of Lord Stirling's diviand march
sion
is
to Chester,
to return.
FORMAN
fleet
if
sailed
and
particularly in
mentioning of
it.
am,
be pleased to be very
86
etc.
Dear
Sir: I
am
and
heartily glad
18th. instt.
and
gloomy
88
87
had
the
The
some days
text
Sparks
affairs, for
is
from
states that
their defence.
past,
will
lines, as
87
selected a position
army removed on
July 22.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
448
change.
I trust
Genl. Burgoyne's
and
Army
later
an
cess,
effectual check,
[July
line of conduct,
which of
all
is
hundred Men,
It
would
would
inspirit the
88
people and
and urged
at the
same
dren and their Country, from their taking a wrong part and
for preventing Toryism, cannot be too great. Genl. Burgoyne,
I
point
he should be counteracted as
and
essential points.
Enemy must
be greatly
nition mentioned in
my late Letters.
88
At Bennington, Vt., not quite a month later, the detachments of Baum and Breymann, numbering, respectively, 550 and 642, were totally defeated with a loss of 900
killed and captured.
HARMONY
1777]
the
Camp
Kettles,
which
ARMY
449
application
IN
yesterday,
till
some
when
first
found on
Congress a Copy of
to transmit to
thought
expedient to submit
same time
it,
as
your
own
direct.
Harmony and
good understanding
the people.
beyond measure;
is
which
get.
At one
think
fidence in the
it
after
intentions. I
we
am etc.
Works you
Hour
much con-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
450
[July
to send
ally to enable
You
Enemy
to give the
effectu-
a seasonable check,
and
ward General
I
which can
at
Peeks Kill,
possibly be spared
from the troops at that post may be dispatched to you. This will
be some relief to your necessities, and you may depend upon
having every supply you want, which it is by any means in my
power to afford. I am etc. 90
Ten
As
up
Tent
"'The draft
is
"The
is
in the writing of
draft
from Peeks
Hanson Harrison.
Alexander Hamilton.
Kill
is
to be sent
SOLDIERS AS WAGONERS
1777]
up
are
lost,
the
were
at
451
Ticonderoga
am etc. 91
Dear
21st.
Sir: I
confidence in
it,
most
it is
of so
effectual
much importance
means ought
to be taken
persons
down
to
some
place,
We have
judgment of the
Enemy. By information
think the
fleet
have
all
seen,
be
imme-
by sending
it
trusty
if
they
factory
should
real
last
it
satis-
if
have reason to
and even
that
as
and what
we
it.
But
if
it
it
will
The
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
452
[July
Master General can furnish persons for the purpose you mention,
it
you
to draft a Sufficient
number
Waggoners,
to be
92
should be glad you would endeavour to inform yourself exactly, of the number of troops at the Several posts about Kings
I
Bridge, Fort
Washington
same to me.
doing
this that
we may
am etc. 93
Clove
at
and
direct that
it
may
Crimes of
serve
this
dye
will meet the most rigorous punishment. The fellow to be pardoned should be kept in Ignorance of any such intention, until
am etc. 95
Putnam's letter from Peekskill (July 21) reported the death of 25 artillery horses
from bad usage and the expected death of more. The artillerymen applied for teamsters to drive, tend, and curry the horses, and Putnam refused: "our people not admitting the artillery men to be so much Superior to them, as they seem to assume to be."
Putnam's letter is in the Washington Papers.
""The draft is in the writing of Alexander Hamilton.
84
These court-martial proceedings are not found in the Washington Papers.
BS
The draft is in the writing of John Fitzgerald.
1777]
453
Dear Sir: The greatest part of the Fleet have fallen down
from the Narrows, but we have not been able to discover
whether they have gone out to Sea. As your remaining upon
the East Side of the River will depend upon the Course the
Fleet steers should they go out, you will hold your division
96
[ n. h. h. s. ]
ready to move at a moments warning. I am, etc.
We
Notwith-
is
New York.
The rest are gone elsewhere and have fallen down between the
Narrows and the Hook. Between these Two places, the Number, from the most accurate observation was about [supposed
to be] One hundred and Twenty, [lay at Anchor] on Yesterday. As I observed before, their destination is uncertain and
unknown; But I have thought it my duty, to inform Congress
of these Facts, that they
At
Lookouts
fixed, at the
implicit confidence
number
am
of proper
may
be given, to
make
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
454
[July
and
ill
grounded
intelligence [Reports].
reinforce
9T
tion
think the
and
possible.
it is
aid.
etc.
98
To THE
Gentn.
am
1777.
call
97
NEW YORK
1777]
MILITIA
455
ist
August,
Summoned
As
it
at
of the State
to meet.
will probably be
of the
Power
is
time
may
its
A circumstance, which
consequences, because
Governor of the
State
upon the
ist.
would
prefer
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
456
Whenever you
P. S.
mit
immediately to
it
either
receive
me
march
by Night or day.
in
[July
an Hour
am etc.
by Express.
trans-
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Ramapough, July 23,
1777.
Parole Chester.
divest
it
of as
much baggage
it
indispensibly necessary to
as possible.
tents;
suffer
and
march
of the army,
no means untried
to procure a
to facilitate the
is
waggons to be prepared
And when
Each Brigadier
are to
go forward before
it
when
shortest notice.
Dear
Sir:
In private hands.
It
was
instant
with
ARTILLERYMEN
1777]
457
am sorry to find that you have not yet been joined by a large
that
it
come
though
their presence,
is
at this
to your Assistance,
States,
am
more
who are
throw in
of the
Enemy and
mediately threatened.
that
Troops, that
of that of the
will be sensible
my
is
the case,
state
if
the force
is all
which you
sent to reinforce
from them, of
are so im-
of affairs,
you.
which they
informed you in a
it less,
to put
by your
see
no reason
last return,
to
imagine
this will
be the case,
Men
to each piece,
which
are as
many as we make use of here, and are Sufficient for the purpose.
Not more than six Artillerists are required to load and fire a
piece, in action and you will have Six others to each, to make
good any loss that may happen. For the dragg-ropes and for
any thing
else,
besides loading
and
firing, active
men
drafted
from the Battalions will answer extremely well; and a very few
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
458
if
diligence
intelligent, capable of
used, to
is
[Jolt
private Artillerest.
see
any thing in
it,
to induce
time to
make proper
apparatus, without
Country.
Waggons
number
of
transported on Horses.
without securing their rear by leaving Garrisons in the fortresses behind, the force
purpose.
And
as they
feel in their
march
baggage, Stores
a considerable time,
Ford notes that the truth of this position was demonstrated by the letters of Burgoyne to Carleton. Burgoyne asked (July n) for a garrison for Ticonderoga from
Canada in order that the troops he had left there might be available for the campaign. "My communications will widen so much as I proceed, the drain upon the
army for posts will be so considerable, not to speak of detachments and safeguards
to protect and to awe the country, that if that first diminution is not replaced, my
effective strength may become inadequate to the service intended." Carleton, being
confined to Canada by positive instructions, declined (July 29) to accede to this
request, though admitting its force; and Burgoyne, while deploring from a military view this strict construction of orders, confessed that Carleton was justified
in his decision.
BURGOYNE'S DIFFICULTIES
1777]
leisure
and opportunity
to prepare a
459
good recep-
have
it
in your
power
improve
to
it
you will
if
in, will
be fatal to them.
I
which
is
which cannot
fail
which
Militia,
have destined
remain in the
while in
it.
field,
The confidence
Spirit to
they have in
do
him will
their
duty
certainly
go
You inti-
The expediency
them.
It
if it
Burgoyne
and
him to
command
proper for
From
it
of this
more
Serviceable than
than him.
the view
some other
it
Sensible,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
460
[July
up
keep
is
recommended
am etc.
Sir: I
having
sailed
to desire
have
in consequence of
1777.
Enemy's
which
Sullivan's
fleet
have
and Lord
delphia.
mentioned
The
is
to
Lord
Stirling's
inclosed order
Genl. Sullivan,
is
baggage will
to be
am etc.
meet him
at Sufreran's.
communicated both
to
him and
*To
LORD STIRLING
Camp, near the Clove, July 24,
My
Lord: Since
Clove,
whilst
3
4
The
and
is
my
last to
1777.
Army
to this place
is
Contemporary copy.
1777]
461
New Windsor,
Enemy, contrary to our present expectation, should attempt to operate up the North, or East Rivers.
I have to request, that your Lordship would [will] apply to
if
the
as occasion
may
Could you
before the
recross,
side,
and wait
or-
Men
is
of
this,
lost in
drawing both yours and Genl. Sullivans diTroops) over; under the probability of it
however,
it is, I
at
Enemy
Sound
is
in the
Peeks
kill; for if
his
moving
there
is
no appearance of the
Crumpond,
Easterly towards
altogether useless.
how my Ideas corrispond with theirs, and such certain Intelligence as you may have; and act accordingly. If the Enemy are
destind for Phil adelphia, these moves will facilitate the March of
the Troops thither;
if
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
462
but such
is
under,
the
if
[July
the disadvantage
Councils, whilst they have Shipping to move in, and the absolute
am &ca.
[h.s.p.]
and Guards
cers
as directed
by Yesterday's order.
Offi-
am &ca.
Wayne on ac-
him on
and
have written to
You
are for
the present to put the Division, under the best regulations you
can,
public Interest.
as
you
shall
to the
Sir: I
have
1777.
The words in brackets are in John Fitzgerald's copy in the Washington Papers,
but did not appear in the letter sent.
"The draft is in the writing of John Fitzgerald. A copy, in the writing of Robert
Hanson Harrison and signed by Washington, is also in the Washington Papers.
DESTINATION OF BRITISH
1777]
Way.
desire that
you
shall
463
will, agreeable to
what
Army
hinted to
My
Genl. Schuyler.
command of the
take the
whom I am in-
You
seem
to
Yesterday
to the
Letters
that
it is
his Assistance.
I shall
as soon as
ney,
and
you
arrive there. I
am etc.
The
safe Jour-
Fleet
WAYNE
desire
you will
is
just
gone
who
are to
off to Philadelphia.
am etc. 8
[h.s.p.]
Sea,
T
8
The
receipt of this, to
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
464
Command
[July
and
You
will
You
will take
with an
officer.
it
to follow
Officer
As
have
on
receipt of this
have to
Immediately
desire, that
all
1777.
Enemy's Fleet
me accordingly.
am etc. 10
GENERAL ORDERS
Parole
1777.
instant appointed
as such.
AFTER ORDERS
every thing is
and nothing
left to
them
is
The copy is in the writing of George Lewis. The same letter was sent to Col.
Theodorick Bland, who was stationed at Bound Brook, and this original, in the
writing of Robert
The
draft
is
Hanson Harrison,
in the writing of
is
in the
New
Alexander Hamilton.
DESTRUCTION OF FENCES
1777]
465
Weedon a rear
guard. There are to be no flanking parties. The waggons, with
the tents of both brigades will follow the division. The rear
will detach
guard
is
to
Waggons;
march
and ammunition
artillery.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Pompton, July 25,
1777.
Parole Eugene.
it
be done accord-
ingly
tention,
deemed
to arise
inat-
How
wanton
the manifest duty of the officers; and were they closely attentive
to that discipline
camp;
in a
them. The
and
they, for
Commander
practices in future.
will
And
and put a
offi-
stop to such
man who
is
guilty of
them:
And
the guilty
Two
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
466
[July
and one
of
them executed
be prevented
for
'tis
At
all
fellow citizens.
to,
if
evils before
it,
were
one of the
totally prevented.
this caution
to observe
is
to get ready to
Sir:
1777.
in, to
con-
is,
and a
variety of circumstances
reason,
is
force.
make
The
it
general
most prob-
this
constant and complete readiness to cross the River at the shortest notice
They
till
the
draw
a Sufficiency of
it
and Lord
it
arrives in time,
you
Stirling's divisions to
it
Should be
retarded, you
of delay.
am etc.
TROOP MOVEMENTS
1777]
467
To whatever quarter the Enemy may direct their mowhether to the Eastward or the Southward, I shall be
P. S.
tions,
make
to that post
and
its
them
with,
dependencies, and
requisite to
it
Kill to oppose
from Peeks
competent number of
Militia. I
on
by the
this is
done, to
States of Connecticut
make
New
and
York, and
power
when
number
latter.
ure. In the
who may
mean
to include those
be fully Sufficient.
11
*To MAJOR
Dear
Sir
My
Letter of yesterday
of the
Army
reasons
my
desire that
Troops
and
(as
as
move,
either this
require.
ber which
"The
draft
have
do not pretend
may
is
to
as occasion shall
num-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
468
Officers
to the
If
must determine
Troops
left
let
it,
say
in a posture of defence as
the former
duces.
It
is
am etc.
it,
lost in
with their
Howe
to
not going to the Eastward, than this Letter adto fall into
my
beyond a doubt in
time be
from Genl.
complexion of
this
certainty
will be struck.
Burgoyne
your defence
may be
[July
Mind.
12
&ca., evinces
no
divisions. If
it
Should think
it
the object, and that they had run out with a view of returning,
when
makes
so
much
is
am
the place of
that
if
my
conjectures are
am etc.
^The intercepted letter, dated New York, July 20, 1777, was in the handwriting of
General Howe, signed by him, and directed to General Burgoyne. It informed Burgoyne that Howe was sailing against Boston, with a feint toward the south. Henry
Williams, the young man who brought out the letter from New York, voluntarily
sought the American guard and gave it up. He had been a prisoner in the city and
said he was offered a high reward for carrying this letter to General Burgoyne. His
account of the matter is in the Washington Papers. The original of Howe's letter has
been abstracted from the Washington Papers and in its place is a copy attested by
Jared Sparks.
CONDUCT OF TROOPS
1777]
469
Sir: It is
form you,
that
am constrained to in-
wanton and
number
of Horses
to them, they
may
strict truth.
But
by the whole
thenticity
certified in
many
instances
is
to the Inhabitants,
you well
know
we
are engaged.
obvious tend-
under
and
must
to prevent in future,
to your Officers
honour
The
draft
is
am etc. 13
in the writing of
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
470
To
Sir : I
You
will perceive by
our
service,
Country.
[July
this delivered
letters
which
me in his behalf.
To
Letter to Genl.
Howe of the
16th
it
25, 1777.
you a Copy of my
proposing an Exchange
to transmit
Inst.,
I
dispatched
it
As yet I have
formed of
drawn
What
Enemy
derive
from
their Ships
perplexity
be
the
and the most anxious conjecture. We are not yet intheir destination, nor can any plausible conclusions
respecting
it;
at least
more
and confused, is
their extreme inactivity and delay. For it is certain, they began
to embark immediately after the evacuation of Amboy, and
now remain between the Narrows and the Hook, or were there
when I was last advised upon the Subject. I have two Active
renders the matter
Officers
14
with an escort
still
difficult
In the writing of Alexander Hamilton. The letter was read in Congress on July 31
to the Committee on Foreign Applications.
and referred
USE OF MILITIA
1777]
471
and for reconnoitring their Situation from Fort Lee and along
the River in that Neighbourhood. Things being thus circumstanced and various opinions, as to their real object, prevailing
among
us;
Some supposing
it
15
lie
against
it,
or at
first
me
it,
as a
Should
Voyage
will be
made
in a Short time,
and
to arrange
come
am
fence, supposing
them
recommend
tend
to,
this
to
in.
Army
we have
to at-
to continue at a consid-
no
For, tho'
is
checked
till
especially
The
if it is
let it
their
report of a force,
be of what sort
conduct and
may
it
pre-
From the
Number of
River,
15
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
472
[July
Lord
judged
Stirling's Division
it
expedient to
was ordered
to take the
Rout
to
Kings
proceeded myself
with the remainder, which composed the main body by the Rout
leading thro' the Clove towards
over a very difficult and rugged Road till Night, when we halted,
the First Division having advanced about Eighteen Miles. In
this situation
we
lay
till
from the
information received before, respecting the Enemy's Fleet being at and near the
of the Ships
to proceed to Chester,
ease, either to
Philadelphia or Hudsons
this
arrangement,
am in hopes our
may be
have &ca.
Bri-
meant
Glover's.
4 O'Clock P.M.
ler,
10
a copy of
which and of
its
226.
Inclosure
Contemporary copies of Schuyler's letter of the 22c! are in both the Washington
Papers and the Papers of the Continental Congress. It deals with the evacuation of
Ticonderoga, the weak state of his army, lack of every necessary, and the prospects
of reenforcements.
HARD BREAD
1777]
21st,
473
to
Hand. Things seem still in an unpromising way in that QuarGenl Schuyler complains much for want of Artillerists,
It is not with me to satisfy his demands; he has at this time a
much greater proportion of Artillerists than this Army, having
ter.
Moylan
17
my
Letter
from Colo
sailed from the Hook
received by Express
18
sea.
Yours of Yesterday reached me at this place. Considering the situation in which you say the hard Bread is, instead
of sending it forward, I have directed Genl. Sullivan's and Lord
Dear
Sir :
Stirling's Divisions to
King's Ferry.
sent
If
draw
any remains,
supplying them,
after
draw off
Kill, and as
to
them
I
it
may
be
effectually
shall be obliged
there can be
no
(under our
would be expedient immediately to call in from one thousand to fifteen hundred from
the States of New York and Connecticut. The proportions I
leave to be settled between Genl. Putnam and yourself. I do
not apprehend much danger from the Garrison that is left in
New York, but were the posts up the River left in too defenceless a state, it might be a temptation for them to seize them.
I have desired Genl. Putnam to make a demand of as many of
the Connecticut Militia as you and he shall allot to them. I do
present Circumstances)
"Moylan's
18
think
it
is
in the
Washington Papers.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
474
[July
To
after 8
A. M., July
25, 1777.
of Congress,
could
not think myself at liberty to answer him on the subj ect of his re-
At the
same time I would observe, his situation is distressing and must
interest all our feelings, as I have no doubt of the great indisposiquest, therefore have referred
it
to their consideration.
of his application.
is
of Congress
may be
The Enemy's fleet having left the Hook and gone to Sea,
Sir :
19
21
etc.
MOYLAN
Camp at Ramapough,
am
or the end
To COLONEL STEPHEN
it,]
If it
to request, that
The
20
1777]
Regiment
Commanding
475
Officer there.
You
will not
To CHRISTOPHER
LUDWICK
Pompton Plains,
Sir: I
this
am moving
towards Philadel-
You
that
all
is
ready
upon the
it
sent forward.
is
White
the Division of the Army which is
with me.
To
am &ca. 23
is
1777.
The
The
draft
is
draft
is
in the writing of
Kidder Meade.
Tench Tilghman.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
476
immediately
at Gloucester.
to
remain
[July
pro-
Town and that Quarter for the present; but Should there be
necessity of their joining the
Main Body
of the
and
as
Army,
then-
think Such an
event
The Regiments
P. S.
at Elizabeth
Town
will
move, either
24
To WILLIAM FRANKLIN
Sir : I
stant,
I
by express.
my
by no Means in
it is
my Power
situation;
inclination to
re-
to supersede a positive
took place.
shall
be
sincerely
may relieve you from the anxiety you must naturally feel from
her present declining condition.
4
The
am
25
etc.
draft
is
in the writing of
Tench Tilghman.
'The draft
is
in the writing of
Alexander Hamilton.
STIRLING'S
1777]
ROUTE
477
To LORD STIRLING
Mr.
My
26
Lotts,
me at this place.
Town this Eve-
ter
by an upper Road.
New Ark
it
will bring
you near
Number
Enemy
left
arrival
your
own
discretion,
taken,
if
at this
there
is
the smallest
am &ca. 28
[N.Y.P.L.]
If this letter
comes
to
Town,
at
"To cash paid at Ramapough for house room. &c 2:5:0" and July 26
paid at Mandevils for house room &c. ,2:5:0"
"Headquarters Expense
Account" in the Washington Papers.
27
Loyalist regiments.
28
In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
July 25
"To Cash
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
478
[July
arrival of the
If
when this reaches you, you will then proceed to Bristol and there
halt
till
telligence of the
Enemy's
arrival as above, in
which
case
orders
I
you
and take
am etc. 29
To
Town,
By
is,
because
Enemy's
[and
situation
My view in this,
may make an
his Division, If
it
is,
Enemy
there with
how many
when
it
can be
Success.
Boats are
The
You
draft
is
will, after
Hanson Harrison.
1777]
with a
distinct
good and
479
meet Lord
faithful Officer to
as
sit-
uation &c. [on the Island, the forts, their guards and their
strength and posts,] as about the Boats, that he
eral
all
the circum-
stances,
is
me
to
add
is,
that
For upon
as secret as possible.
se-
am
etc.
To COLONEL STEPHEN
MOYLAN
Mr.
Dear
Sir
Trenton, it
until
Shou'd
is
this Letter
come
to
pass
you receive further Instructions from him, or, till you have
to Bristol
and there
act as ordered at
to proceed
Trenton.
The General consents that you should have the Men you
mentioned to him brought to trial, as soon as convenient, a
General Court Martial will be necessary.
30
The
which
is
editor
is
indebted to Dr. A.
S.
W.
am &ca. 31
this letter,
in brackets occur in
the draft, which is also by Harrison, and are not in the letter sent.
31
The draft is in the writing of John Fitzgerald.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
480
To COLONEL ELIAS
[July
DAYTON
The
inclosed Letter,
to Genl. Greene.
You
will
compare the
now came
Intelligence,
just
which
this Letter,
and
am,
etc.
P. S. I
gence as you
may obtain
To COLONEL THEODORICK
Mr.
Sir:
Your two
and such
32
Intelli-
ch.l.]
BLAND
me
your
letters
both
of the 25th instant. If this reaches you before you have passed
till
further orders or
till
you
re-
manner
as if
and
at
to
if
it,
you
Trenton.
shall detain
one of
pleased to forward.
given you.
2
They contain
am etc. 33
1777]
481
Dear
Sir: I arrived
marched
five
1777.,
OClock P. M.
here this
Delaware
easily in
Men from
of the Commissary's
Bread
if
more
Waggons
baked than
is
the public
is
are
Troops.
34
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole
Countersigns
GENERAL ORDERS
Head
Parole
The army
is
Countersigns
to proceed
on
its
march
to
morrow morning
as
early as possible.
HEATH
Dear
Sir : I
forming
34
this
me
of an application
its
of
War
in-
of your
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
482
modate
St.
body of men
[July
to be
employed
to
accom-
in a secret expedition to
and desiring my instructions upon the occaAs I am not acquainted by Congress with what
John's River,
sion [Subject].
steps they
tions concerning
it, I
to
comply
in
it.
you receive
For
at this
men in a remote
such a number of
offensive expedition,
when
their
men are
so apt, at
home
who
left
have
it
General
in
tice [it]
Clair;
it,]
In a former
received,
to
St.
letter of
you ask
my advice
[consult
me about] what
[you are]
who are
Officers,
and
in
FRENCH VOLUNTEERS
1777]
483
very
tions,
much
at first [to
mend
is
am
for. I believe
what
recom-
made by
Fox
frigage.
But
35
false
may
it is
it
all
the
dili-
[urgency
affairs
all
with reluctance
[I
[fill]
all its
them
to
make
attendant
I
have the
30
The capture of the frigate Fox was credited to Manley, but she was afterwards
retaken by the British.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
484
purpose
[I
to induce
[July
36
[ms.h.s.]
Dear
Sir
The
Evening. As soon as
had
left
move
the
23d)
began
to
27, 1777.
was ascertained
me
that
the
From
Garrison
upon York
left
we have been
Island
is
is
sufficient
upon Staten Island consists of the Regiments of their American Levies and some British and Foreign
to secure
it,
and
that
Genl.
Howe is gone
Southward,
is
goyne, wrote just before the Sailing of the Fleet. This Letter
was brought to an
Officer of ours
says
was delivered
him,
our Hands.
of a letter
last, as if
intrusted,
to
It is
who had
it
was
been confined in
it
to fall into
at
improbable.
He
says
he
is
30
Both the letter sent and the draft are in the writing of Alexander Hamilton. The
words in brackets are in the draft and do not appear in the letter sent.
STUPIDITY OF A GENERAL
1777]
485
with him. But he neither gives him the least accounts of what
has happened in this Quarter, nor even when he expects to Sail,
know,
that he
might move
Upon
junction.
thrown out
Burgoyne to
which would
the whole,
to deceive.
am
do not
letter
was
to call
Burgoyne
haps has
we
to
lost
Howe.
refer
you to
Reinforcement
Army, and
an opportunity of coming
was
It
my
I
and per-
which
at their secrets
37
joins you,
he will
keep those
others to
It is
of
who
come
out of
him
Army, but
to induce
out.
my power
to displace Genl.
Fermoy
or to get rid
as-
signed
lish
receive
him
to his Brigade.
But
if
office,
rather
and advised
to give
up the command,
at least
till
he
"Schuyler's letter (July 23) from Fort Edward, N. Y., informed Washington that
General Fellows had received information that expresses between Howe and Burgoyne met at a certain place in Livingston Manor every Sunday. Fellows, instead of
capturing either or both of these expresses, sent a message to Schuyler, a distance
of 30 miles, "to know what was proper to be done." Burgoyne's express told a
friend, who informed Fellows, that Burgoyne would march down as soon as he
could move his cannon, which would be in a few days; that a detachment was to
advance on Fort Schuyler and the Mohawk Valley from Oswego, and Howe would
make a diversion on the eastern coast with part of his force while the rest moved
up
is
the
Hudson
in the
Washington Papers.
letter
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
486
has
made
[July
am &ca. 38
To LORD STIRLING
My
Lord:
26th.
am
was
this
was
at
moment
had
written to
him
Your going
and having
since.
to Baskenridge
the infor-
If
it
be such as to Authorize an
it is
shall be
happy
till I
yet. I in-
from Staten
am etc.
P. S. If Colo.
be pleased
To
88
30
The
The
Tench Tilghman.
draft
is
in the writing of
draft
is
1777]
487
Heath
this Time, I
do not conceive
myself authorized to comply with the requisition, and therefore refer the Matter to their consideration, to direct therein as
to observe, that
Army and
Services,
by reinforce-
Genl
seem
we already have.
and
on the
sub-
Congress
West
Town,
2 O'Clock P.M.
of Morris
Your Letter of the 26th with its Inclosures I met on the Road.
The Subject of Rank which Congress have been pleased to submit to
my
my
Weedon's Brigades,
is
now
attention, as soon as
made known.
of Muhlenburg and
Miles farther this Evening. Genls. Sullivan and Stirling's Divisions have repassed
by
this
way
Rout,
of]
own and
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
488
thro' Sussex to
[July
were ordered
to
March
too on the
first
intelligence I
also
orders, or till
Lord
at Bristol
directions to halt at
intend in like
Man-
till
am etc. 40
To JAMES LOVELL
Fleming Town, July 28,
Dr. Sir
1777.
and thank you much for the Ordinance respecting the Royal
Corps of French Engineers.
at this time,
and useful
hints. I
am
We
this
wondered
cannot give
shall find in
it
it
a serious perusal
several interesting
edge in
totally
to, will
be
it
is
not to be
at.
As soon, as I had authentic information of Genl.Prescots Captivity, I wrote to Genl. Howe and proposed to exchange him for
Genl.Lee. I have received no Answer to the proposition tho my
Letter must have got to hand some days before the Fleet sailed
from the Hook. Most probably he will take sometime before
^In the writing of Robert
July 25, 1777, ante.
Hanson Harrison.
Cf.
Washington's
letter to
Congress,
1777]
HESSIAN PAYMASTER
489
in-
same predicament
from
we
a Supposition
our possession.
I
settled
all
to, entirely
competent, as to
Enemy there is
little
sort of a Cartel to
Jot. I
am,
found
their claim
41
etc.
28, 1777.
Yours of the 23d. from Philada. and that of the 27th. from
If there are
upon any but the most evident Grounds of suspicion. The other,
that if you are unable to prove any thing against him, and the
Enemy's Fleet come into Delaware, instead of returning to New
41
In the writing of Robert Hanson Harrison. The word in brackets was written first
and "proposed," with necessary modifications, inserted by Washington's direction.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
490
York, he will
insist
if
[July
he has picked
it
have wrote
me word
that
shall
it
be done, and
They
and the other General Officers will attend to it, and fix upon the
most proper places to encamp Bodies of
tiguous to such landings.
From my
men
so as to be con-
very imperfect,
think
our main Body should lay upon the West side of Schuylkill, to
meet the Enemy if they attempt to march up by land, to be convenient to support the posts
efit
of
upon Fort
Island,
and
to
can be avoided, as
Works
at Billingsport.
Evening very
easily if the
it
yet.
Genl. Stephen's
Lord Sterling comes on by the way of Trenton, and Genl. Sullivan is following me upon my track thro' Morris Town. I have
ordered Genl. Putnam to throw two Brigades over the North
River, to be ready to
certainly
should
march
make Delaware
this
have fairly
set
way, the
moment
the
Enemy
if we
1777]
491
As it was judged expedient to send Genl. Lincoln to the Northward on account of his influence over the Militia of the Eastern
States, the Division which he commanded is become vacant,
and I intend to assign it to you for the present.
Wayne's and the Brigade formerly D'Haas's.
It consists
of
ment,
As he
will be busily
will give
employed in
him your
his
Depart-
Assistance in that or
Burlington, Gloucester,
to assemble
them
call
at Gloucester,
Counties, and
[n.y.h.s.]
etc.
Dear
Sir:
28, 1777.
Egg Harbour
this event,
From
on Saturday morning with a Southerly wind.
were beating
little
off Little
tion
is
into
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
492
may
[July
immediately, with
in readiness to
ell's
Commanding Officers
to
perform
their
am etc. 48
28, 1777.
division
I
is
argument of it.
effect
it,
though
it
will be
some what
difficult.
Genl. Stephens
morrow. Lord
Stirling
we have marched.
is
up the Delaware
to
it
begin to
positions necessary to be
43
The
draft
is
act,
and
Hanson Harrison.
1777]
of their operations.
two
493
to
hold
have
to cross,
convenient to retract,
I shall
it
march
It is far
Enemy may
ient for
the
cumstances.
From
good
the idea,
insight into
I at this
its
Situation
time have of
may
and
it I
cir-
should
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
494
The providing a
is
[July
a thing ex-
ceedingly necessary.
as in
for
I
it,
and
am etc.
shall feel
44
To
have
Sir: I
23d
I
^>
now
28, 1777.
Inst.
Hudson
Burr.
45
The Crime
I recollect,
ex-
pected had been done and Burr dealt with according to right,
till
my part,
Tents.
to his
my
not in
Satisfaction.
my power
to furnish
Army.
went
45
~~?
which
in 1778.
NEED OF
1777]
How many
Number
495
has gone,
in a Situation to assist
Men
GEOGRAPHER
in this
him
want, and
who
or Returns of this
Manner
it
me
Army
from the
peculiar,
honored
I
me
with a
visit,
mode
come
to
to the
make mention
Adjutant Genl.
of
it,
who
whenever the
in a
State
first
for Genl.
am etc. 4S
To ROBERT ERSKINE
Flemington, July
Sir: In
consequence of
28, 1777.
advantage that might be derived from having a good Geographer to accompany the Army, and my recommendation of you
for that purpose they have
thorizing
me
to appoint
come
I shall
The
draft
is
Hanson Harrison.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
496
you to
let
[July
am etc. 47
To LORD STIRLING
Coryals Ferry, July 29, 1777.
The
is
appointed by Congress
have desired
48
BRITISH INTENTIONS
1777)
side, I
because
ter,
is
497
and
setting
create confu-
Cn.y.h.s.]
Sail
delay makes
secret to us;
me
off little
and therefore
that
too
much
of
till
desire
if
P. S.
am etc.
During your
halt at Morris
Town
or elsewhere you
will have every thing got into the best order and ready for a
Sudden move
either
North or South.
50
To WILLIAM FRANKLIN
Coryells Ferry, July 29, 1777.
Sir:
Agreeable to
what
The
trans-
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
498
[July
It appears that this Act has laid Conunder the necessity of refusing your request. I am &ca. 51
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, at Coryell's ferry, July 29,
Parole Delaware.
The Commander
1777.
it
has
it
gon Masters have often been out of the way, and the waggons
committed to their charge, in a straggling, disorderly state.
They will remember, that it is their duty to be constantly with
their waggons, and to ride backwards and forwards frequently,
to see that they move in good order And the General expects
:
an
61
BRITISH PURPOSE
1777]
499
it
Trenton, at
least
till
Army
probable,
at this place,
have thought
their
Water
take
it
landing of Troops.
left
too
Sullivan's division
to halt at Morris
if
that the
goyne,
it is
is
so, I
As
I shall
I shall
expect an account of
it
62
Gates was in Philadelphia at this time. When Congress ruled that Schuyler comin the Northern Department, Gates hastened to Philadelphia to intrigue 01
a reversal of the decision. This he accomplished by August.
"* Ford quotes Burgoyne to Lord George Germain (July 3): "I have spared no
pains to open a correspondence with Sir William Howe. I have employed the most
enterprizing characters and offered very promising rewards, but of ten messengers
sent at different times and by different routes not one is returned to me, and I am in
total ignorance of the situation or intentions of that general."
64
In the writing of Tench Tilghman.
manded
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
500
To
[July
LORD STIRLING
Coryells Ferry, July 30, 1777.
reach
the conclusion of
at
Bound Brook
case, as
it
it, I
am
for fur-
was
my
nearest
55
The part
of the River to
which you
this will
are to
meet you;
Trenton will not be out of your way, you may proceed to this
place,
of Provisions. But
if
you have advanced upon the road leading to this Ferry you may
come on.
If
you go
to
Genl. Gates informs you that the Fleet have entered the
Bay.
as expeditiously as
you can
am etc. 56
To LORD STIRLING
Coryells Ferry, July 30, 1777.
have desired Genl. Gates to give you immediate information of the arrival of the Enemy's Fleet in Delaware, upon
which you are to move down to Philadelphia with all the Troops
Sir: I
55
On
this
to
Putnam by Washington's
movement of
command
directions
empha-
recommended
being elected Governor of New York, and Gen. James Clinton was
was thought to lack activity, so
to succeed to the command. James Clinton, however,
Clove, was suggested as his
Col. William Malcom, who was then stationed in Smith's
expired, and Putnam was
assistant. The time of the militia at the Highlands was
Washington
ordered to attend to this "particularly." Hamilton's draft is in the
Papers.
69
The
draft
is
Kidder Meade.
PROTECTION OF INHABITANTS
1777]
at
501
Trenton.
commanding
them always to hold themselves
in readiness to move at a Moment's warning. I am etc.
P. S. When you begin your march send one of your Aids
forward to Genl. Gates to know to what post you are to march.
Be pleased
to
communicate
MAXWELL
are,
than
as that
is
till
the destination
should
till I
call
give
away
those Regiments
and
as far as
can
will;
But
to be detached
icut
State
Island, Connect-
till it
to act at
any
57
am,
etc.
To
67
The
draft
is
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
502
[July
which passed the River that Evening, that the whole might
encamp the more commodiously. Genl Stephen with his own
and Lincoln's Division also arrived a little time after at Howel's
of
whole Army at these two places and at Trenton, till our knowledge of the Enemy's destination becomes more
Delaware
is
Howe
by
certain. If the
their object,
this expedition to
should turn his attention again to the North River, we can from
if
The importance
the Fleet's arrival,
it
to
me
of
is
my
expeditiously
direct proper
ting
Army more
in the
and
it,
am certain, will
If
authentic advice
time that
it is
communicated
to
me,
it
at the
same
an
Commanding Officer
this
siderably delayed.
am &ca. 58
GENERAL ORDERS
Head Quarters, Coryell's-ferry, July 30,
Parole Philadelphia.
1777.
The
which
draft
varies
is
Hanson Harrison,
in capitalization only.
as
is
1777]
503
Morgan, are without delay to pay off their respective detachments up to the last of May. Col. Morgan's corps now lays at
Trenton.
GENERAL ORDERS
Head-Quarters, Coryell's ferry, July 31, 1777.
Parole Fortitude.
dispatch,
Col.
Humpton
command
of the division
com-
Dear
Sir : I
31, 1777.
that the Enemy's Fleet arrived at the Capes of Delaware yesterday, you will therefore please to order the two Brigades which
march immediately
Morris Town and over Coryell's
to
Ferry,
where Boats
march
as expeditiously as possible
The Troops
to
from Connecticut and New York as soon as possible; And I desire that you will forward this account by Express to General
Schuyler and to the Eastern States and I hope that as they now
have nothing to fear from Genl. Howe, that they will turn out
their force both Continental and Militia to oppose Burgoyne.
I
am
etc.
P. S.
As
the
fixed
desire that
you may
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
504
If
to send
any part of
[July
their force
will immediately
59
Dear
Sir: I
Enemy's Fleet
arrived at Delaware.
your command, in the most expeditious manner you can, observing a good order of
injure the Troops.
is
The route by
it
so as not to
and Bag-
60
am etc.
Your
Sir:
letter of this
morning is
just
come
to
hand.
have
put
all
it,
or in the neighborhood, by
to give opposition to the
the ground,
expeditious.
69
The
80
Th
am,
etc.
draft
is
edraft
is
Kidder Meade.
Hanson Harrison.
1777]
PS.
505
ceeding to Philadelphia.
61
[n.y.h.s.]
To COLONEL ELIAS
DAYTON
Dear
Sir: I
have
this
moment
received information
made
from
their appearance at
own and
march
Colo. Ogden's
To
you
across,
You
and
Coryells, 10
Sir: I
am this Moment
sett
the
and
am
in hopes the
Army
61
over.
63
Stirlings Di-
am,
propose
04
6
etc.
83
The
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
506
To
Sir : I
The
[July
on Delaware,
Inst.
Mount Independence,
is
you mention.
at least the
well
fully
stances to that
doubted a Single
I say,
moment
have laid
me under some
As
in-
Matters,
if
to sending Continental
when
Two Brigades
been ordered from thence to their Aid; more than were ever
intended in the arrangement of our Forces. Not a
can go, as
cept
all
Man more
the Troops (I
two thousand,
are
remain a
Secret.
At
DEFENSE OF PHILADELPHIA
1777]
received an Express
at the
507
that the
Enemy's
Capes of Delaware
yes-
no
all
the force
donment
of the
itself,
(the aban-
and
distrust, Jealousy,
would be necessary
to Success,
and
Arnold
to assist in that
to
I
in
and
are
am per-
them lies and, I am equally Sure, their personal exerand Bravery will not be wanting in any instance. Their
presence, I trust, will remove every Ground of diffidence and
backwardness in the Militia, and that they will go on when
and where their Services are demanded, with a Spirit and Resolution becoming Freemen and the Sacred Cause in which they
are engaged. As the Troops are on their March from hence,
far as in
tions
I shall
intire
Confidence in
and
'The draft
is
that
in the writing of
65
etc.
Tench Tilghman.
Common
INDEX
INDEX
By David M. Matteson
Abingdon, Willoughby
Absence without
40; straggling, guards to prevent, 154, 155, 226, 413, 466; guard,
201; paymasters, 256; delay of officers in coming to camp, 281;
trials, 361, 401. See also Desertion; Discharges; Furloughs.
insult, by soldiers, 209, 286, 361; by officers, 245, 268, 286,
287, 400, 401. See also Assault.
Abuse and
Adjutant General's
Office, material
from, 241 n.
Agriculture, military trespass on fields, 176, 328, 446. See also Fences.
service,
391
n.
511
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
512
8,
Amboy, N.
Ammunition,
distribution,
1 01,
assault, 59.
Armand
letter
Tuffin, Charles, marquis de la Rouerie, commission, 71; servand command, 72; bears letter, 90; Morris's recommenda-
ice, 71/2;
and permitted,
off, 166, 237, 334, 367/2, 369, 388; distribution to states, conditions, 167, 312, 334, 365, 366, 369; tomahawks, 211; accounting for 212; spears, 222, 236, 272, 367; returns
INDEX
513
Ammunition;
Artillery.
command,
342.
appointment, 342.
Army. See British army; Continental army; Militia.
Arnold, Gen. Benedict, promotion, rank, at Philadelphia about
Armstrong, John,
jr. (
134/2,
?),
it,
16,
command
movement, Delaware
women,
Artificers,
385, 428, 450, 457, 473; promotion in, 276; lack of field pieces, 290,
305; alarm formation, 297; loss in action, inquiry, 307, 359, 370;
need of increase in corps, 386; Procter's corps, 415, 416; artillerists
as wagoners, 451; abuse of horses, 452/2; men to a field piece, 457;
for Philadelphia campaign, 460. See also Cannon; Knox, Henry;
Shot and
shell.
Ash Swamp, N.
Assault,
on
J.,
113.
officers, 59,
justified, 402.
on noncommissioned
officer,
60;
artificer
regiment,
1672.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
514
George
Balser,
wounded, evidence
Barton, Lieut. Col. Joseph, attack, 72; loyalist recruiting, 390; service,
39
Barton, Lieut. Col. William, captures Prescott, 416, 419; service, 416 72;
presentation sword, 41672.
Bartron, James, loyalist recruit, 390.
Basking Ridge, N.
J.,
and
Stirling's
movements, 486.
23, 210.
Baum,
Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron de, supply ships, 272, 7, 15, 49,
318, 323; ship captured, 6572; and Du Coudray, 14872; clothing, 166.
Beeler, Lieut. James, court-martial, 24.
Bennington, battle
Bergen, N.
Bertie,
J.,
of, losses,
448 72.
Betts, Robert,
Bicker, Lieut. Col. Henry, letters to, 7372, 169; ordered to camp, 7372, 170.
company
Bilbao, Spain,
Billingsport,
50572.
Washington
at,
INDEX
515
Bland, Col. Theodorick, dragoon regiment, plans, 118; natives, 197; concentration for equipment, 198, 327; hard service, 208, 254; rank,
303; letters to, 46472, 480; in movement to Pennsylvania, 480, 488.
Blankets, scarcity, 106; stopped by states, 223; supply
from
prize, 288,
292.
Boats, securing
Long
Bonum, N.
J.,
23.
Boonton, N.
J.,
army baggage
Bordentown, N.
J.,
Bound Brook, N.
J.
See Middlebrook.
in,
Bowdoin, James,
8, 9, 17;
154, 177, 209, 211, 343, 361, 402, 404, 425, 436.
6.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
516
Brigadier generals, absent from camp, 12, 34, 172, 244, 429; rank, 71;
appointments, Conway, 88, 122 n; for dragoons, 117, 121 n, 141, 248,
293; police duties, 175; duties as officer of the day, 184.
Briggs, John, court-martial, 402.
Bristol, Pa., rendezvous, 49; movement to, 478, 480, 488.
British army, reenforcements, source, 146, 147, 151, 157, 253. See also
Burgoyne campaign; Campaign of 1777; Mercenaries; Newport;
British
at court of inquiry,
N.
131.
J.,
title.
>
>
>
>
>
>
call,
395, 408, 421, 433, 438, 448, 47272, 473; Fort George, 409, 449;
attitude of inhabitants, loyalists, 430/2, 448, 454; American retire-
ment, positions, 447, 449; British detachments, American opportunity, 448, 459; removing stock, 448; necessity of harmony, 449,
507; British strength, decrease by necessary posts, 458; Lincoln sent,
INDEX
517
influence, 459, 462, 463, 485, 487, 491, 507; American force in
desertions, 482; Gates-Schuyler, 499 n.
See also
Burke,
Burlington County, N.
Burnett,
Edmund C,
J.,
to,
306;
command,
306.
50.
at
camp,
Camp
Campaign
270, 275, 284, 293, 300, 310, 333, 355; dependence on militia, 46,
49 77> IIQ 5 skirmishes, 47, 53, 72, 133, 244, 284, 295, 307-309, 313,
317, 322, 355, 370; time of taking the field, 74; lost opportunity, 77;
plans against Bergen, 80, 86, 87, 358; concealing weakness from
enemy, 99; concentration in New Jersey, countermand, 118 120,
135, 157, 232, 293, 311, 313; proposed surprise attacks, 121, 122, 131,
144; British concentration, 127, 209, 234, 241; artillery detachment,
335> 355> 358, 364-368, 381, 383* 49> 4 r 4> 439> 445> 447> 45 r > 4535
headquarters moved to Middlebrook, 133, 134/2, 135, 139; British
reenforcement, 146, 147, 151, 157, 253; British floating bridge and
boats, 157, 234; British puzzling inactivity (May), 157; Princeton
post, instructions and precautions, 232/2, 243; militia call, posts and
movements, 233,
24972, 251, 253, 258, 261, 263, 270, 275, 279, 287,
Jersey, puzzle, 243,
294, 314, 325, 341, 389; British advance in
246, 248, 251-254, 258, 263, 266, 271, 272, 274, 314, 316; harassing
British, 258, 260, 270; American and British positions (June), 259;
New
Delaware River
force, 25972;
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
518
spirit, 261, 267, 270, 294, 295, 314, 341; need of dragoons and intelligence, 262264; British retirement, American advance, 266, 270,
275, 276, 279-284, 289, 291, 293, 295, 296, 298-301, 312, 314, 317;
British depredations, 267, 270, 281, 289, 308, 313, 315, 322, 332, 341;
intercepting British supplies, 279, 282; casualties, 298, 308, 309, 314;
British sortie to Westfield, 305, 307, 309, 31 1, 312, 315, 317, 322, 332;
British retirement to Staten Island, 322, 324, 325, 332, 335, 339, 353,
New
can march toward the Hudson, 377, 378, 386, 390, 393, 399, 406,
408, 409, 414, 418, 437, 439, 445-447, 453, 454; coast guard, 390.
See also Burgoyne campaign; Hudson River; Newport; Philadelphia campaign; Raids; Recruiting.
4.
Canadian expedition,
151, 253.
prisoners, parole
396398; from
3, 9, 17, 62;
letter,
and aid
for
387 n.
Carrington, Lieut. Mayo, justified assault on, 402, 403; service, 402 n.
Cartridges, supply,
Casualties,
Jersey
448 n.
Caswell, Gov. Richard, Sheppard's regiment, 242.
Catlin, Capt. Eli,
New
company,
60.
INDEX
519
advance, 448.
Cavalry, foreign volunteers, 31; for Northern army, 35, 139, 254; uniforms, color, stoppage, 53-56, 278; general officer, Reed, 117, 121 n,
141, 248, 293; recruiting, difficulties, 109, 120, 121 n, 208, 254, 264;
chaplain, paymaster, 109; plans for establishing, lost, 118, 238, 239;
character of recruits, nativity, 136, 197, 264; and intelligence, 136,
137; as guard, 144; British uniform, 163; ordered to front, 208, 258,
262, 264; status of horses, 240; troop quartermaster, 273; rank in,
303; Philadelphia campaign, 464. See also Baylor, George; Bland,
Champney, Richard(?),
Chandler,
loyalist,
Cheever, Ezekiel,
Chesapeake Bay,
Chester,
Chester,
N.
N.
Circular
letter, to
Civilians, excluded
from camp,
Country people.
to,
94 n.
Clinton, Gen. {Gov.) George, letters to, 4, 18, 291, 324, 391, 473; magazines, 4, 5, 7, 16, 95; recruiting, 19, 305; Highland defenses, inspection, 26, 39, 52 n; proposed surprise of Kings Bridge, 122; movement
of loyalist corps, 291; and possible British movement, 325; Clove
road, 365; right to call militia, 454, 457, 467, 473; governor, 455;
to,
202;
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
520
1 1
205, 206, 208, 222, 238, 312; gone astray, distress, 67, 95, 112, 204208, 223, 224, 237, 257, 278, 288, 292, 300, 388; foreign accounts,
98; from France, 166; over-requisitions, 197, 206, 222, 223; hunting
shirts
command, 89-91;
Commander in chief,
commands,
Commander
officer, 172;
Commerce,
movements,
military imports, 2, 7, 15, 49, 65, 166, 318, 339ft. See also
3, 8; inefficiency, resulting scarcity, 25, 54, 130, 136, 373, 441; and
move, 144; line officers and control over officials, 176, 186; regula-
280 n ; threatened resignations, 330; congressional inquiry, 374 n, 415. See also next titles; Arms; Clothing; Equipments;
Magazines; Provisions; Quartermaster department; Stores.
at Paris. See
Deane,
Committee (council) of
safety,
Communication, posts,
with the enemy.
51.
Company,
Silas;
New York,
Franklin, Benjamin.
454.
INDEX
521
Danbury raid, i, 7, 13, 17, 21, 27, 42, 61, 158, 266; magazines, 4; recruiting in, draft, destination, 27, 35, 81, 97, 120, 125,
290; line troops and defense, 43, 60/2, 81, 95, 96, 103, 124, 126, 140,
146, 164, 196; Long Island raid, 82, 124, 125, 139, 143, 151, 158;
Connecticut,
number of enlistments, 104; military stores for, 104, no, 290, 334,
365, 366, 369; Wyoming companies, 232 n, 405; exchanges, 333, 336;
militia call for Hudson, 333, 467, 473, 503. See also next titles;
New
England.
Connecticut, governor
of.
Connol,
3, 9,
i6on, 180/2, 187/2, 193, 194, 470/2; chaplains, 138, 438; chief of cavalry, 141;
encouragement of British
war, exchange, 183/2, 220/2; Apollos Morris, 192/2; separate commands, 280/2; Delaware River defenses, 259/2; geographer, 372/2,
445/2; commissary, 373/2, 3)4/2; Washington's problems to committee at camp, 439-445; food for army, 445/2; clothing, 445/2;
corps of invalids, 495. See also Board of War; Commissioners at
Paris; President; Secret committee; Secretary.
Conway,
Brig. Gen.
Thomas,
arrival, credentials,
Washington's impres-
sion, 30, 31, 37; letters to, 88, 97/2, 129/2; brigade, instructions,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
522
New
Jersey
88.
service,
301 n.
Cornwallis, Charles, earl, letters
239; in
and
Coryells Ferry,
American army crossing, 475, 490, 492, 500504; headand orders from, 496507; magazine, 500.
quarters, letters
Council of
safety.
Howe's destination
army officer, 112.
(July), 484.
Countersign, alphabetical order with parole begun, 41; improper divulgence, 177; alphabetical order without parole begins, 202; alphabetical order abandoned, 413; significant, 422, 503.
23> 2 4> 59> 6o > "4> J 53> x 54> i77> 201 > 20 9> 211 > 268 > 26 9> 2 86, 287, 343,
344, 361, 362, 401-405, 424, 425, 435, 436; by detachments, 28, 83,
452; detail, orders, 42, 58, 60, 113, 143, 153, 210, 257, 317, 327, 349,
374, 403, 413, 479; acquittal of officer, retrial ordered, 187, 255; regimental, 176.
and
officers, 22;
staff, 176ft,
oga, 506.
Cowardice,
officer, 177.
Cranbury, N.
J.,
artillery for
INDEX
Cumberland County, N. J., militia call, 233.
Cummings. See Cummins.
Cummins (Cummings), Lieut. Alexander,
523
40072.
Cunningham, Hugh,
Custis,
court-martial, 403.
Davout,
movement to Pennsylvania,
505.
Debow, Luke,
De
court-martial, 201.
Haas, Gen. John Philip, ordered to camp, 34; letter to, 9772, 12972;
special check-up of brigade returns, 9772; brigade, instructions, 100,
12972; absence, status questioned, 172, 244.
Delaware,
Delaware Bay,
map
Howe's
fleet,
503,
504.
David.
boats, 14472, 151, 25972, 262, 314, 342; defenses of lower, preparations
against British landing, 243, 366, 454, 490, 493, 496; obstructions,
366;
map
502-505; Washington
visits
American
works, 50572.
465, 469; burning fences, 379, 465, 469; execution for, 452, 465. See
also Barbarity; Plunder.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
524
American promotion
161;
of British,
8,
211, 268, 286, 343, 344, 361, 362, 401-405, 424, 425, 435, 436; measures to prevent, state efforts, 79, 128, 440; admonition, execution,
amnesty, 177, 213, 214; British deserters not to be enlisted, 180; from
British, regulations, information from, 190, 198, 200; decrease, 198;
East India Company story, 198; reporting, 226, 230; by aliens, 264;
after fall of Ticonderoga, 482. See also Absence without leave;
Bounty (jumping).
Dickinson, Capt.
Dictatorial
taverns, 344.
306.
Drumming out;
Officers (cashiered).
Crimes; Morals.
Disobedience to orders, by
officers,
211, 402; by
officers, 59,
noncommissioned
commanders, 100, 129, 491, 503; deputy quartermaster general, 337; shifting camp, 370; guards and camps on
march, 405. See also Major generals.
Divisions, arrangement,
of
German prisoners,
57.
Draft from militia, Connecticut, 27, 81, 125; as substitute, methods, 78,
440; Massachusetts, 81 n, 85;
New
Hampshire, 81 n.
Drum, Barney,
court-martial, 361.
INDEX
Du
Coudray, Philippe C.
525
J.
and Maudit du
and
Du Portail, 497.
Washington and
advice, 399;
Plessis,
60.
Wyoming company,
Du Coudray
Company, and
call,
405.
455.
and
deserters, 198.
Eastern department, funds, 35, 37, 290; proposed St. John's River expedition, 482, 487; desertions, 482. See also Heath, William.
Eckart, William, arrest, 3.
J.,
troops
153.
militia, 163.
Elliott, Col.
Thomas,
Encampments,
shifting, 370;
marking
sites
on march, 423.
Engineers, foreign volunteers, 76, 496; geographer, 372/2, 443, 445/2, 495;
Northern army, 381, 385; proposed French corps, 488. See also
Pioneers.
Equipments, stamping,
26, 405; additional regiments, 113; care, inspecSee also Arms; Baggage; Commissary.
376, 378.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
526
502-505.
Field, John, court-martial, 401.
First
N.
Y.,
removal of
stores, 284.
on
Flemming, Michael,
letters
court-martial, 425.
5, 15, 16.
Ford, Lieut.
Denham,
INDEX
527
Foreign volunteers, Conway, 30, 31; minor, 31, 33, 40, 76, 79, 323, 324,
470; Washington on problem, 32, 33, 71, 74-76, 159, 444, 482; continental and state commissions, 6870; Armand, corps, 71, 90-92,
224, 226; engineers
and
artillerists, 76,
488; question of
commands
Du
89-91;
Du Portail, 496.
failure, 485;
at,
455.
Mud Island.
Pompton
Delaware River, 243, 259 n, 262, 366, 454, 496, 505 n; at magazines,
285; lines as traps, 450. See also Fatigue parties; "Fort" titles; Hudson River; Obstructions; Tools.
Fosdick, Thomas, brigade major, 405.
Foster, Dr. Isaac, funds, 146; service, 146 n.
Fourth
Fox, H.
M.
S., prize,
recapture, 483.
Commissioners
at Paris;
Foreign volunteers.
French
alliance,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
528
Frits,
Funds
Funk, Mrs.
pass to
New York,
198.
Galloway,
as headquarters, orders
and
letters
from, 445456.
to, 24,
delphia campaign, 490, 496, 499, 501, 504; division command, 491.
General orders, familiarity and observance, 41, 141, 142, 152, 199, 200,
Commander
brigades, brigades majors, court-martial, 41; brigade major, 58; fatigue party, guard house, courts-martial, appointment, 58; brigade
major, 73; church, 77; officers at outposts, brigade major, use of
pay abstracts, rank arrangement, 92; brigade major, 99; arrangement of brigades and divisions, 99; courtmartial, 113; aide, church, 114; brigades and divisions, brigade
major, 129; (MiddlebrooI(): adjutant general, enforcement of general orders, securing camp, firing, pay abstracts, duty of brigade
majors, orderly sergeants, 141; provisions, arms and ammunition,
Long Island raid, court-martial, duty of brigade majors, horse
guards, experimental preparation to move, 142; experiment, baggage, knowledge of general orders, profanity, church, tents, courtmartial, guards, 152; (June): regimental parades and rolls, drill,
straggling, taps, provost, sutlers, rank arrangement, returns of riflemen, 155; musters, guards, police, sick, paymasters, Commander
in Chief's Guard, temporary brigade command, brigade major,
170; medical attendance on artillery, springs, police, regimental
court-martial control over commissaries, grazing horses, rank arrangement, headquarters dinners, court-martial, 175; butchering,
horses, 92; appointments,
INDEX
529
court-martial,
thanked and dismissed, preparations for march, 287; (Quibbletown): alarm formation, 296; pickets, firing, warning against depredations, 297; (MiddlebrooJ(): emergent provisions and camp,
302; carrying out penalties, rank arrangement, orders during action, intelligence to headquarters, casualty returns, 303; establishing
re-
turn of troops to proper command, 317; (July): court-martial, dragoons, sick returns, appointments, grazing horses, 327; preparations
for march, appointments, 336; (Morristown): court-martial, preparations for march, baggage, forage, fuel, wagon loads, march regulations, 343; court-martial, pioneers, muster rolls, preparation for
oil,
drill,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
530
delphia, division
command,
503.
state, 169.
of.
German
361.
Gerritsons Tavern,
N.
J.,
252.
letter
439.
jr.
service, 113/2.
(Daniel, Stephen?),
Long
camp, 431.
Gloucester,
N.
J.,
Gloucester County, N.
J.,
Glover, Gen. John, brigade, post, 6; leaves for camp, 86/2; brigade for
army, 381, 382, 450, 454/2, 457, 472, 506; brigade major, 405.
Gorman, Michael,
Goy, Capt.
court-martial, 23.
8, 13, 14,
and
arsenal, 399.
60.
magazines,
15, 16.
INDEX
531
regiment brigaded,
Du
New
Greenleaf,
Gresham, Lieut.
death, 265.
Grier, Lieut. Col. David, letter to, 7372; ordered to camp, 7372.
Long
Gurney,
company, 306;
service, 30672.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
532
letters
24 1
321
72,
Tl,
72,
324/2, 338/2, 356/2, 369/2, 384/2, 393/2, 399/2, 419/2, 429/2, 432/2,
450/2, 452 72, 46072, 46472, 467/2, 47O/2, 476/2, 480/2, 48472, 494/2, 496/2;
72,
letter, 144/2;
on
Hammond,
Sergt.
10.
154.
service, 172/2.
letters
written by,
31/2, 36/2, 44/2, 47/2, 4872, 5772, 72/2, 9672, 9972, 10972, 11372, 117/2,
126/2, 134/2, 139/2, 148/2, 14972, 16272, 168/2, 175/2, 180/2, 183/2, 190/2,
232 72, 234 72, 244 72, 246/2, 258/2, 265 72, 272 72, 280 72, 29I 72,
310 72, 31372, 323/2, 324/2, 33I 72, 340/2, 352/2, 358/2,
364 72, 374 72, 378 72, 387 72, 394 72, 4OO 72, 407 72, 409 72, 416/2, 417/2, 42O 72,
433 435 > 445 ra > 45 n > 454 > 4& 2n > 4 63 n > 4 6 9"> 473 w > 474
72,
Thomas,
letter,
on
Hartley, Col.
376/2.
Headquarters, Morristown,
INDEX
533
Health, cleanliness enjoined, 64, 128; salad greens, 210. See also Bathing; Medical department; Police; Sick; Smallpox.
movements,
and
loyalist
I3 1 -
letters to, 2, 37, 85, 109, 162, 205, 288, 304, 338,
Conway,
Con-
177.
Hudson
River.
Hill,
Abraham,
court-martial, 209.
n;
service,
n.
Hoops, Ma].
service,
23 n.
376.
Hospitals,
St.
Augustine expedition,
343-
Howe,
New
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
534
Hudson
J.,
362.
73 n; ordered to camp, 73 n.
letter to,
14, 19, 26, 34-36, 38, 39, 55, 82, 202; Arnold to command, 26,
30; importance, 34, 43, 45, 52 n, 124, 140, 232, 322; inspection of
posts, report, 45, 5153, 94, 116; Putnam ordered to, 47, 51, 67, 94,
>
>
410; bears
letter,
321.
letters, 139,
Humpton,
Col. Richard, letter to, 70; ordered to camp, 70; rank controversy, 422; service, 422 72; commands division, 503.
service, 306/2.
Hunting
shirts, as
army
clothing, 196.
terror, 236.
Inoculation, of recruits,
Intelligence, need,
New
INDEX
535
Intercepted
women, 106 n,
198;
illicit
corre-
Invalids,
magazine guards,
28, 38;
camp, J in',
soldiers court-
martialed, 114.
officers'
pay,
Daniel of
St.
Thomas,
Mohawk
? ),
plan, 273 n.
422 n.
service, 177 n.
Thomas,
company,
61; service, 61 n.
court-martial, 286.
Kemper, Daniel,
20.
Ketdes, on march, 348; for Northern army, 380, 385, 411, 428, 449.
Kinderhook, N. Y., march through, 289.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
536
ammunition, ioo, 231, 409; Du Coudray affair, 148, 149, 159, 160 ,
387; and other foreign preferments in artillery, 187; and new field
artillery, 3 19, 398; munitions and artillerists for Northern army, 357,
380, 381, 383; on supply of arms, 388; artillery movements, 416.
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, Burgoyne campaign, 447 n.
La Balme, Mottin
of British
movement,
198; im-
409.
in Highlands, 460.
312; Con-
La
Armand
Tuffin.
mand, 44 n; information,
Le Beque du Portail. See Du
6; letter to,
44 n\ com-
378.
Portail.
on Drummond,
letter,
337 n.
Henry Lee,
on Arnold,
letter,
47 n.
officers'
pay, 206.
letter to,
letters
Sullivan
letter,
274 n.
178 n.
60, 265.
See Levy.
Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, aides, 23; division, 100, 225; letters to, 123, 462;
guards and grand parade, 185, 186; New Jersey movement, 297; at
rank inquiry, 303; movement toward the Hudson, 446; sent personally to Northern army, influence, 459, 462, 463, 487, 491, 507;
Washington's opinion, 459.
Lincolns Pass, N.
J.,
185.
INDEX'
Liquor, drunk at post, 23, 201;
and fatigue
537
Litchfield, Conn.,
at,
474
Little,
Thomas, question
Livingston, Mrs.
Livingston, Col.
of exchange, 66.
Livingston, Lieut.
service, 172 n.
to, 44,
call,
233, 491.
Livingston and Turnbull, clothing agents, 196, 278, 288, 292, 312.
Lloyd. See Loyd.
Long, Col.
Long
Lott,
Anne, 392/2.
from Connecticut,
Pierce, Fort
Island, raid
accident, pretensions,
145;
serv-
23.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
538
S., letter
McClure (McLure),
Sergt.
Andrew( ?),
New
pardon of
deserter, 362.
35272.
Mackey,
Sergt.
66.
88.
Major generals, officer of the day, duties, 183, 210, 226. See also Divisions.
Malcom, Col. William, regiment, 1972; letter to, 305; organization of
regiment, officers, 305-307; Highland command, 50072.
Malloy. See Meloy.
INDEX
Maneuvers. See
539
Drill.
152, 285; guards and detachments, 226; regulations, formation, 255, 345, 350; orders for, light,
337". 375. 4 o6 > 437. 44 6. 4 64-
Thomas,
Marshall, Col.
inspects, 505 n.
strength, 6.
Marshall, Col.
Thomas,
Maryland, recruiting,
ment
next
officers,
rank controversy,
also
titles.
William.
98, 100.
Carvil.
Maryland Legislature,
officials,
inefficient recruiting
measure,
36.
154. *77-
98, 100.
Holland.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
540
101;
1 01-103;
zeal, 86,
Burgoyne
New England.
207,
439 n, 484.
Massachusetts Legislature,
letter to, 9.
Mauduit du
Thomas
Plessis,
artillery,
position, 399.
New
Jersey
Hudson,
movement,
437.
aide, 23.
on
signals,
letter, 22422.
292, 432.
line,
Hospitals; Surgeons.
Long
court-martial, 343.
INDEX
541
Mifflin, Jonathan,
Mifflin,
camp, 65, 134, 145, 204, 224, 294, 463; subordinates, 137, 138, 179,
tomahawks, 212; tools, 212, 356; New Jersey movement, 254;
militia, 294 fcamp sites, 423; guides, 491; Delaware reconnaissance,
at
181;
and
art, officers of
349Military secretaries and aides, to major generals, 23, 114, 32372; right to
secretary, pay, 300.
Stores.
Militia,
New
pay, method, abstracts, 80, 283, 291, 304; magazine guards,^, 109,
162, 285; supernumerary officers, no; better in small bodies, 147;
Jersey movement (June), disguarding the Delaware, 151;
New
missed, 163, 233, 24972, 251, 253, 258, 261, 267, 270, 275, 279, 287,
294, 314, 325, 341, 342, 389; carry off arms, 166; weakness, 168;
right to plunder, 263; prisoners of war, exchange, 290; for Hudson
River defense, 325-327, 330, 333, 336, 415, 454, 455, 467, 473, 500/2;
absent general officer, pay, 351, 353; for Burgoyne campaign, 377,
386, 395, 415, 429, 430, 434, 457, 485, 507;^ for Philadelphia campaign, 453, 462, 463, 475, 476, 491, 501; limitations on use, 471.
See also Draft.
Miller, Corp.
Miller, Lieut.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
542
Millstone,
N.
J.,
Mohawk Valley,
command,
459.
Monmouth County, N.
J.,
59.
as light infantry,
ment, 282, 291, 295, 301, 308, 312, 313; rations, 362; alert, preparation to move, 437, 455; movement to Pennsylvania, 463, 477, 486,
488, 503; pay, 502.
Morgan,
J.
to
brigaded, 88.
Morris, Ma]. Apollos, and adjutant generalship, 166; reconciliation attempt, 191-193; deportation, 192, 193; letter to, 193.
Morris, Ma). Jacob, deputy quartermaster general, lack of qualifications,
*37> 138.
to,
Armand,
90.
Morristown, N. J., headquarters, letters and orders from, 1-137, 337379, 481487; artificers, 16; works, guard house, 58, 135; artillery
detail, 130; headquarters leaves and returns, 133, 337, 481; troops
left at, post of communication, 135, 232, 232/2, 236, 375, 497, 499;
movement through, 490, 492, 503.
Mottersboth, Sergt.
Mottin de
la
number
of laborers, 158.
letters to, 53, 121 n, 474, 479; uniform for dragoons, color, 5356, 98; character of men, 136, 197; rank, 303;
INDEX
marching
543
movement
into Penn-
River,
Washington
inspects, 5050.
Muhlenberg, Gen. Peter, brigade major, 73; letters to, 9772, 12972; checkup on brigade returns, 9772; brigade, 100; brigade instructions, 12972;
movement toward the Hudson, 437; movement into Pennsylvania,
464, 487.
letter, 85;
Mutiny,
trials, 59,
retrial, 187,
255.
Navy, American,
for
Hudson
Navy,
British,
movements,
13, 19.
New England, as Howe's objective, 356, 364, 366, 368, 369, 384, 426, 445,
451, 461, 467, 468, 484. See also Eastern department; states by
name.
New Hampshire, recruiting, use of troops, 6, 35, 276; draft, 81; arms and
clothing, 312; militia for
also next titles;
New
England.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
544
New
Hampshire
erns, 131, 252, 263, 344, 424; transportation route, 137; militia and
Howe's June movement, 163, 233, 234, 24977, 251, 253, 258, 267, 270,
militia
275, 279, 287, 314, 325, 341, 342, 389; loyalist recruits, 390;
in Philadelphia campaign, 475, 491, 501; troops left in, 501. See also
next titles; Campaign of 1777.
New
Jersey
soldiers court-mar-
tialed, 436.
New
Second Regiment,
Jersey
officers
and
New Jersey Volunteers, loyalist regiment, 39072. See also Barton, Joseph.
New York, recruiting, use of troops, 35, 36; new state government, 455.
See also next
army.
New
York
titles;
Bridge.
499,
130;
505;
militia, 163.
Newport, R.
I.,
17.
INDEX
545
Noncommissioned
officers, reduced, 24, 59, 201, 344, 401, 403, 436; orderly sergeants, 142, 308; reprimanded, 401, 436.
to,
North Carolina, troops lack equipments, 98. See also next titles.
North Carolina, governor of. See Caswell, Richard.
North Carolina Fourth Regiment, soldiers court-martialed, 425.
North Carolina Tenth Regiment. See Shepperd, Abraham.
North Carolina Third Regiment. See Sumner, Jethro.
Northern army, returns, 62; Washington's reply to Gates's accusation
of neglect, 87, 88; blankets, 106; cavalry, 139, 254; tents, 206, 320,
357> 3 8o > 3 8 5> 4 28 > 45> 494; field artillery, 254, 305, 319, 320, 357,
378, 380, 381, 383, 385, 428, 450, 457, 473; commissary, 274; unstable
policy of Congress, 316; Gates and Schuyler, 316, 499 n; as separate
tools, 356, 357, 378, 380, 385; ammunition, cartridge paper, 356, 357, 380, 385, 392, 408, 410, 428, 433, 448; kettles,
380, 385, 411, 428, 449; engineers, 381, 385; unaccountable lack of
arms, 388. See also Burgoyne campaign; Lake Champlain; Ticon-
department, 339;
deroga.
women,
257.
Obstructions,
gambling, 13, 14, 28, 29; cashiered, 23, 59, nin, 211;
reprimanded, 23, 113, 177, 211, 269; distribution
of general, 24; allowance for recruiting, 35; Washington's control
over appointments, 29, 61, 128, 306; absent without leave, 40; unauthorized riding, 41; delay in coming to camp, orders, 70, 71 n, 73,
dissipation,
drunk
at post, 23;
84, 170, 197, 281, 431; resignations not accepted, 9472, 128; supermilitia, no, 242, 251; temporary appointment,
numerary, avoidance,
128; rangers, 131; and drill and parade, 155, 359, 360, 402; prohibited grazing, 176, 328; duties of officers of the day, 183, 210, 225,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
546
5.
company, 404.
Olney, Lieut. Col. Jeremiah, post, 52, 130, 135, 161, 236; soldiers courtmartialed, 60; letter
to, 135.
Orange County, N.
Orders during
Oreilly, Capt.
von, bears
General orders.
letter, 57.
artillery for
Paramus, N.
J.,
movement through,
478, 487.
rangers, 131.
Paroles of prisoners of war, violation, 108, 337, 338; Canadian expedition, pay, 290, 354, 419; Governor Franklin's case, 474, 476, 497, 498.
Parr, Capt. James,
company, 343 n.
INDEX
547
Parsons, Gen. Samuel Holden, letters to, 27, 81, 96, 124, 139, 164, 258;
detachment court-martial, 28; troops ordered to the Hudson, delay,
82, 124, 140, 164; Long Island raid, 82, 124, 125, 139, 151; brigade
for
New Jersey, countermand, 235, 259, 272, 311, 325, 326, 329, 331,
on capture of
Prescott, 421.
Abraham,
6.
Patton, Col. John, soldiers court-martialed, 60, 201, 269, 403; letter to,
84; ordered to camp, 84; regiment brigaded, 100.
ments, 128; monthly brigade rolls, 129; beginning for officers, 206;
regulation, 207; stoppage for wasted ammunition, 210; stoppage
for clothing, 278; quartermaster's, 273; commissary, 280 n; military
secretary, 300; deputy adjutant general, 301, 339; long deferred regimental claims, 304; arrears, 330, 367; separate departmental command, 339; absent general militia officer, 351, 353; stoppage for
illegal bounty, 361; irregularly appointed officers, 437; chaplain,
439. See also next titles; Bounty; Fines; Funds.
N. Y., troops ordered to, delays, 6, 28, 30, 35, 36, 38, 81, 124,
146, 164, 197, 207, 325, 326, 331, 335; cavalry for, 120, 121 n; troops
for
Jersey and Northern army, 208, 232, 23272, 234, 235, 241,
Peekskill,
New
254, 257, 258, 260, 271, 273, 275-277, 283, 293, 300, 310, 321, 327,
33 2 > 37 6 37 8 > 3 8l > 3 82 > 4 66~4 68 473> 49> 49^ 493> 53> 5 6 route
to, from east, 289. See also Hudson River.
>
>
Peers, Ma). Valentine, brigade major, 92; court-martial, 267, 286, 287.
Pennsylvania,
command
camp,
New
movement (June),
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
548
Wyoming
titles;
Ottendorf;
Philadelphia.
appointment of
officers, 29.
Pennsylvania Council,
23,
24, 154, 177, 402; brigaded, 100; prevalence of desertion, inquiry,
123. See also Brodhead, Daniel.
officer court-
Pennsylvania Ninth Regiment, brigaded, 88, 89, 129; soldiers court-martialed, 153, 177, 201, 211, 425. See also Morris, Anthony James.
Pennsylvania Second Regiment, brigaded, 100. See also Irvine, James.
Pennsylvania Seventh Regiment, brigaded, 100; soldiers court-martialed,
201, 211, 268, 269, 286, 436. See also Grier, David; Irvine, William.
Pennsylvania Sixth Regiment, brigaded, 88, 89, 100, 129; refusal to serve,
169. See also Bicker, Henry; Magaw, Robert.
Pennsylvania Tenth Regiment, soldiers court-martialed, 23, 154;
gaded, 100.
bri-
Pennsylvania Third Regiment, brigaded, 88, 89, 100, 129; soldiers courtmartialed, 153, 154, 405, 435, 436. See also Wood, Joseph.
Pennsylvania Thirteenth Regiment. See Stewart, Walter.
Pennsylvania Twelfth Regiment, soldiers court-martialed, 59, 177, 361,
425; brigaded, 88, 89, 100, 129. See also Cooke, William.
Percy,
Hugh
(lord),
Newport,
126.
H. M. S., 65 n.
Perth Amboy, N. J. See Amboy.
Perseus,
Philadelphia, as probable British objective, 43, 131, 136, 144 n, 145, 147,
150, 151, 157, 195, 196, 204, 241; command, 195; removing magazines, 204; Washington in, 505 n. See also next tide.
>
>
462, 463, 471, 475, 476, 491, 501; Delaware River fortifications and
survey, 454, 490, 496, 505 n; American concentration and movement
INDEX
549
into Pennsylvania, 460468, 472, 475, 477481, 484, 486-488, 490493, 500-505; artillery, 460; cavalry, 464, 468; troops left in
Jersey, 476, 486, 497, 501, 505; attack on Staten Island, 477480, 486,
500; plans against British Delaware landing, 490, 493, 496; halt to
await delevolpment of British plans, 496-499, 502; British in Dela-
New
Phinney, Col.
Edmund,
company
Piscataway,
Pittstown,
127.
and
Pompton
(Plains),
N.
J.,
ordnance casting,
5; post,
magazine,
militia,
40, 51, 24972, 325, 342; Sullivan's division, 340, 342, 353; headquarters,
Powles Hook, N.
Prescott,
J.,
2, 3, 7,
to, 6, 16, 30, 31, 34, 45, 47, 56, 71, 99, 114,
131, 138, 148, 150, 168, 173, 182, 187, 203, 239, 246, 269, 280, 281,
2 97> 37> 3 o8 > 3 2 4> 3 28 > 35 2 > 3 66> 373> 37 6 > 3 8 4> 4 o6> 4 J 4> 4 J 5 433>
Preudhomme de
Price, Col.
Princeton,
106;
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
550
Procter, Col.
Thomas,
camp,
415, 416.
Profanity, admonition against, 152.
I.,
removing magazine,
artillery, 276.
37.
bread, 202, 212, 231, 285, 302, 375, 379, 456, 466, 473, 475, 481, 491,
494; for guard, 230; supply in movement, 252; ovens, sites, 351, 475,
481; inadequate and poor balance, 441, 445^; effect on discipline,
442; issue, 446; magazine on the Delaware, 500. See also Cattle;
Commissary; Flour; Ketdes; Ration.
Provost, duties, 156, 269. See also Prisoners.
Prussia, suggested treaty, 302.
Punishments, cautious use of capital, 18, 50; officers cashiered, 23, 59,
1 12 n, 211; capital, suspended, 23, 59, 83, 114, 210, 452, 466; repri-
mand,
tion of
and soldiers, 23, 113, 154, 177, 211, 269, 401; reducnoncommissioned officers, 24, 59, 201, 344, 401, 403, 436;
officers
officer to ask pardon, 201; sent to serve in navy, 268, 269, 404; carrying out, 303; drummed out of army, 362, 405. See also Crimes;
Fines; Whipping.
Putnam, Gen.
Israel,
letters to, 49, 121, 121 n, 126, 144, 161, 204, 222, 234, 257, 276, 283,
300, 310, 321, 326, 356, 382, 393, 409, 418, 445, 450, 451, 460, 466,
467, 491, 500 n, 503; proposed Kings Bridge surprise, 121-123, 144;
INDEX
551
3 8 5> 395-
Quibbletown, N.
Rahway, N.
J.,
J.,
militia, 164.
Raids, guard against, 27, 43; and sea power, 42. See also
Danby; Long
Island.
Ramapo (Ramapough), N.
J.,
Randolph,
of Philadelphia, Mrs.
Washington
letter, 46.
command, Morgan,'
rifles,
246.
punctillio, 11; arrangement, appeal, 12, 71, 93, 156, 164, 176, 422,
435; state disputes, 12, 36; Arnold, 16, 47, 427; Adams on squabbles,
47/2; resignations over, rejected, 94 n; controversies over precedence
to foreign volunteers, 148, 149, 159, 160 n, 187-190, 194, 387; cavalry arrangement, 303; Cochran-Sullivan inquiry, 364; date of
Rank,
staff,
442; consid-
eration, 487.
court-martial, 23.
officer of
ments, 3, 9, 13, 14, 28, 35, 38, 43, 60, 84, 95, 96, 124, 148, 161, 164, 207,
2 7 6 > 305? 3 86 395; 439 44' 4 8 3; inoculation, 6, 12, 28, 61, 85, 97;
marching, routes, idling, desertions, 6, 38, 49, 56, 62; officers on duty,
>
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
552
neglect, graft, 7, 8, 13, 14, 29, 38, 40, 45, 123, 191; inefficient state
measures, troubles, 12, 36, 37; arming, 19; substitutes, draft, 27, 38,
78, 81, 97, 125, 440; troops detained by states, 43, 6on, 81, 95, 96,
103, 124, 126, 140, 146, 164, 196; evils of short enlistments, 46, 77;
convict servants, 56; officers ordered to camp, 70, 71 n, 73, 84, 170,
197, 281; inadequate results, dangers, 77, 157, 160, 161, 168, 412,
420, 483; continental and state troops, 86, 102, 103; returns, demand,
check-up by brigades, 97, 117, 121, 127, 306; cavalry delays, 109,
120, 121 n, 208, 254, 264; outside state, 169; refusal to march, 169;
British deserters or prisoners of war, 180; effort in Connecticut,
no
290; bad results of piecemeal, 388; loyalist, 390; out of other regiments, 403; inquiry into unsuitable recruits, 405; advised method,
state recruiters, 440. See also Additional regiments; Bounty; Discharges; Militia (dependence).
Washington
505 n.
command of dragoons,
121 n, 141, 248, 293; brigadier general, declines, 121 n; letters to,
141, 247, 293; letter to Lee, explanation and acceptance by Wash-
Reed, William
B.,
Regiments, keeping intact, 40; parades and drills, 155; restoring men to
proper, 318. See also Additional Continental regiments; and by
of state.
Religion, church service in camp, attendance, 77, 114, 129, 153, 308.
Returns and
rolls,
general, strength of army, 34, 36, 46, 49, 99, 99*2, 241;
from France, 49; Northern army, 62; daily, 64, 106,
military supplies
128, 155; Virginia troops, 78, 7972; special check-up by brigades, 97;
recruiting, demanded, 117, 121, 306; militia, 119; brigade weekly,
women,
Hudson River
force, 495.
and punish-
INDEX
553
Rhode
up
clothing,
New England;
Newport.
Rhode
Rhode
Ogden, Jeremiah.
Roads, repair, 58, 411; Smiths Clove, 340, 365; obstruction, 383, 393;
information for Philadelphia campaign, 491, 493.
Robbins, Ensign John, soldier's abuse, 286.
Robertson, Lieut. Tully, court-martial, cashiered, 211.
Rochefermoy, Gen. Mathieu Alexis de, brigade for Ticonderoga, 6;
fail-
Rocky
Hill,
N.
J.,
Roe, Capt.
Rogers,
bears
letter,
Rosenbach,
167/2,
Abraham
293 n,
S.
W., acknowledgments
to,
in, 27 n, 40/2,
96/2,
479 n.
Roundabouts, N.
J.,
279.
Rum.
See Liquor.
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, physician and surgeon general, 20; letter
sketch, 74/2; on postponing active operations, letter, 74/2.
Russell, Capt.
Andrew,
to,
74;
to,
354.
Sag Harbor, L.
St.
Augustine,
I.,
raid, 139/2.
Fla.,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
554
St. Clair,
John's River,
Nova
Salem County, N.
J.,
Scotia,
Du Coudray,
148 n.
Saltonstall,
by
Salute,
officers,
Sanden, Dr.
exchange, 352.
1972.
to, 11, 105, 253, 273, 331, 357, 378, 392, 407,
426, 447, 450, 456, 484; question of resignation, 12; dragoons, 139,
254; movements, 195; information on Burgoyne's early movements,
271; resumption of command, 316; field artillery, 320; on fall of
company
at
camp,
11;
rank controversy,
11; brigade,
instructions, 41, 100, 12972; letters to, 4172, 9772, 12972; brigade
Jersey movemajor, 58; check-up of brigade returns, 9772;
New
letter,
419.
Sea power, British, and coast raids, 42; advantage, 331, 356, 462, 470.
Sealing wax, need,
Second
n.
Artillery. See
Lamb, John.
trial,
436.
French cargo
Thomson,
Charles.
INDEX
Seneca Indians, proposed
Sentinels. See
camp, 254.
visit to
Guards.
555
Regiment,
1 1
Shaw,
4.
59.
letter
organizing dragoons,
delay, 120, 121 n, 208, 254; forwarding letter to, 258; ordered to
Jersey, 258, 262.
New
242 n.
Sherborn, Mass., magazine, 162.
jr.,
New
Shoes, need, supply, 238, 292, 350, 432; sizes, 292, 432.
Short Hills, N.
Shot and
J.,
shell, casting, 5.
Sick, inspection, returns, 171, 328, 374, 424; lists, 256; ration, 267;
march, 346; diet as cause, 441. See also Health; Invalids.
on
263.
Silliman, Gen.
Silver, Sergt.
Gold
,
Newport,
127.
at,
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
556
12, 429;
Smith, Lieut. Samuel, of Fifth Pennsylvania, soldier's attack, 287; service, 287 n.
Smith, Lieut. Samuel, of Eighth Pennsylvania, court-martial, 402.
in, letters
in, 373;
proposed
American troops
J.,
163-166.
for,
I.,
of.
raid, 139 n.
272, 367.
Spencer, Gen. Joseph, letters to, 79, 418; claim to separate department
pay, 339; on capture of Prescott, 416 n.
Spencer, Col. Oliver, regiment brigaded, 100, 130.
Spies, suspected British, 3, 131; executed American, 243;
Staten Island, 353. See also Intelligence.
American, on
at court-martial, 153; service, 153*2; complaint against officer, apology, 268, 286, 287;
Jersey move-
New
ment, 285.
Springer, Levi, court-martial, 425.
Springfield, Mass.,
magazine and
167, 318, 319, 323, 365, 367; French ordnance artificers, 37; guard,
38; artillery from, 235; recasting French field artillery, 318, 323,
Spurious
N.
letters
J.,
magazine removed,
119.
history,
387 n.
INDEX
557
Staff,
American
to,
spies, 353;
Washington's objections,
60, 81, 95, 96, 103, 124, 126, 140, 146, 164, 196, 501.
Steels
Gap, N.
Steels
Tavern, N.
Stephen, Gen.
name.
company, 401.
263.
J.,
263.
J.,
Adam,
letters to, 53, 80, 86, 119, 462, 481; skirmish, criticized, 53; plan against Bergen, 80, 86, 87; division, 100;
Jersey
movement, 297; at rank inquiry, 303; movement toward the Hud-
New
son, 446;
492, 502.
movement
Thomas,
war, 195.
sol-
Gen. William Alexander, lord, letters to, 21, 460, 477, 486, 496,
500 (two); discourtesy to Mrs. Livingston, 21, 22; division, 100,
Stirling,
129;
New
Jersey
movement,
rank inquiry, 303; headquarters, 424; movement toward the Hudson, 447, 454; movement into Pennsylvania, 460, 461, 466-468, 473,
486-488, 490, 492, 496, 499-502, 505; proposed attack on Staten
Island, 477-480, 484, 486, 500.
Stoakes, Hezekiah, paymaster, 186.
Stone, Col. John
Hawkins, returns
318.
Danbury
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
558
N.
J.,
on
Sullivan, Gen. John, letters to, 62, 106, 136, 163, 197, 224, 224 n, 232,
232*2, 248, 251, 262, 296, 340, 358, 364, 371, 373, 414, 452, 453, 469,
497, 504; Princeton command, instructions, 6264; division, 100;
information, 150; Du Coudray affair, 160 n, 387; New Jersey movement, 163, 224, 232 n, 233, 243, 248, 251, 259, 263, 279, 283, 296, 309,
310, 316; intercepted British advances to, 274, 275; commended,
286; at rank inquiry, 303; movement toward the Hudson, 336, 340-
34 2 > 353> 37 J > 373' 4 X 4> 4*8; Cochran controversy, 364; illness, 452;
the Delaware, 460, 461, 466-468, 473, 487, 490,
492, 497, 499, 504; depredations by troops, 465, 469.
movement toward
Sumner, Col.
Sussex County, N.
through, 488.
J.,
American movement
Tents, supply, 49, 65; destroyed by British, 61, 66; distribution, uneven,
62, 64-66, 87, 88, 145, 153, 320, 423; cloth for, 64, 65; to accompany
troop movements, 95; for Northern army, 206, 320, 357, 380, 385,
428, 450, 494; lack, 257, 259; returns, 371; horsemen's, 371.
INDEX
Theft, by soldiers,
Third
559
245, 424.
198.
420.
44 n, 276; strength
of force, 17, 407, 428, 438; quarters, 62, 66, 87, 88; conditions (May),
168; considered safe, troops or supplies for, 274, 275, 332, 357; British before, 371; news of fall, 376, 376 n, 378, 380, 382, 384, 387, 389,
Ticonderoga, troops
392-395, 407, 421, 433, 451, 482, 483; Schuyler and responsibility,
392 n; Washington on fall, 407, 427, 434; inquiry, 427, 506.
Tilghman, Tench, letters written by, 372, 6/2, ion, 27 n, 32 n, 39 n, 45 n,
49/2, 62/2,67 n, 80 n, Sin, 88 n, 151 n, 164/2-167/2, 16972, 191/2-194/2,
196/2, 205/2, 208/2, 222/2224/2, 233/2, 235/2, 237/2, 238/2, 249/2,
252/2, 255/2, 259/2, 263/2, 273/2, 276/2, 278/2, 283/2, 288/2, 390/2,
296/2, 307/2, 311
/2,
365/2, 367/2, 372/2, 373/2, 379/2, 382/2, 389/2, 395/2, 410/2, 411/2,
414/2, 415/2, 422/2, 426/2, 428/2, 429/2, 431/2, 433/2, 437/2, 439/2,
451/2, 455/2, 463/2, 474/2477/2, 481/2, 486/2, 491/2, 496/2499/2,
507/2; on commissaries, letter, 176/2; on British movements, letters,
249/2.
Tomahawks,
Tools, supply, 39; distribution, 212; for Northern army, 356, 357, 378,
"
380,385.
Toussard, Capt. Louis,
on march, 345, 347-349, 412, 413, 498; for sudden move, 357;
provisions, 475; soldiers as wagoners disapproved, 451. See also
tions
trial, 18.
Trenton, N.
J.,
505.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
560
Trow, John,
J.
B. See
Du Coudray.
court-martial, 154.
letters to, 42, 103, 125, 278 72, 290, 333, 367,
421; and line troops for state defense, 43, 6072, 8r, 95, 96, 103, 124,
126, 140, 146, 164, 196; artillery, 290; conditional permit for arms,
Trumbull, Jonathan,
jr.,
information, 371.
16; inefficiency of
410; absent
from
130, 135; Northern army commissary, 274; liquor for headquarters, 410, 411; movements, 411.
camp,
letter,
240.
Turnbull, William, clothing agent, 196. See also Livingston and Turnbull.
Turner,
Clothing.
Van
Aulen,
letters
from, 405,
406.
246, 251.
72,
7172, 7472, 8072, 8372, 8472, 8672, 8972-9272, 9772, 9872, 10672-10872,
II372,
33 1
Vassall,
'
335-
New
brigade, 23572;
Jersey
the Hudson, 325, 326, 329,
38772.
INDEX
561
Vetbryker Mill, N.
J.,
251.
Joseph.
WRITINGS OF WASHINGTON
562
Hugh, question
Walton, George,
Ward,
of exchange, 44.
157-
11, 223.
loss, 157.
sent
ahead
Waynes Gap, N.
J.,
263.
Webb,
Col.
poor
Samuel Blatchlev,
196, 197, 222; ordered to camp, 197; regiment for New Jersey, 235**;
Correspondence, material from, 41272, 42172; officers, commissions,
420.
Weedon, Gen. George, command, 50; brigade major, 92, 268; letters to,
instructions,
9772, 12972; check-up on brigade returns, 9772; brigade,
100, 12972; New Jersey movement, 285; movement into Pennsylvania, 465, 487.
6.
West Point
Military
INDEX
563
Wharton, Thomas,
Whipping,
jr.,
punishment, 23, 24, 59, 60, 153, 154, 177, 201, 209,
211, 268, 269, 286, 287, 343, 344, 361, 402-405 424, 425, 435; summary, 347, 348.
as military
Whipple, William,
190.
letter, 168;
169 n.
White House, N.
White
Plains,
N.
J.,
movement through,
475.
59.
letter, 468/2.
Williamson, Matthew,
Willis,
Wine,
Winsor,
Justin,
Women,
America, 387 n.
to
bri-
gaded, 88.
488.
up on brigade
returns,
97/2.
service, 93 n.
clothier general,
movements,
Date^l! &&&!
Mar' '41
5*
1
FFB 13 1982
;
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
171=1
D15M2 64