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(iii)Hydraulic actuators.
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fixed displacement
and variable
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11. What is a pressure compensated vane pump and how does it work?
In the unbalanced vane pump, the displacement can be varied by
varying the eccentricity. By a compensator piston arrangement, the
eccentricity is varied depending on the system pressure thereby pump
delivery is varied. This pump is called pressure compensated vane pump.
12. What is meant by a balanced design vane pump?
In balanced vane pump, there are two inlet and outlet ports which are
diametrically opposite to each other. Because the pressure ports are
opposite to each other, a complete hydraulic balance is achieved.
13. Name the two basic types of piston pumps.
(i) Axial piston pump (ii) Radial piston pump.
14. How can the displacement of an axial piston pump be varied?
In axial piston pumps, by varying the stroke length the displacement
can be varied. In bent axis type, by varying the angle between cylinder block
and drive shaft centerline, the stroke length can be varied. In swash plate
type by varying the swash plate angle the stroke length can be varied.
15. Define volumetric efficiency of a pump.
Mechanical efficiency
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Overall efficiency
Mechanical efficiency
87
100 93.5%
93
19. Draw the graphic symbols for the following pump types.
(i) Fixed displacement (ii) Variable displacement
(iii) Pressure compensated (iv) Bidirectional.
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Mechanical efficiency
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12. What is meant by actuation of valve? List the various actuating devices
of direction control valves.
Actuation is a method of moving valve element from one position to
another. The various actuating devices are: Manually operated, mechanically
operated, Solenoid operated and Pilot operated.
13. What is a solenoid and how does it work?
A solenoid is a electromagnetic coil. When it is energised, it creates a
magnetic force that pulls the armature. The armature is connected to the
spool of the direction control valve and the valve is actuated.
14. Give the hydraulic symbol for 3 position-4 way closed center solenoid
operated direction control valve?
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29. Find the pressure in the small cylinder of an intensifier, if the pressure in
the larger cylinder is 40 bar. The diameter of the smaller and larger cylinder
of the intensifier is 0.1m and 0.3m respectively.
AI
PI
As
Ps
PI
4
AI
As
0.32
40 360 bar
2
0.1
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continuous path from the pump outlet port to the hydraulic motor inlet port
and then directly back to the inlet of the pump.
35. What are the three basic arrangements in hydrostatic drives?
(i) Variable displacement pump, fixed displacement motor-constant
torque transmission
(ii) Fixed displacement pump, variable displacement motor-constant
power transmission
(iii) Variable displacement pump, variable displacement motor-variable
torque, variable power transmission.
36. What are the two braking systems used in hydrostatic drives?
The two braking systems used in hydrostatic drives are regenerative
and dynamic braking.
37. What do you understand by the term power pack?
Power pack consists of a pump, electric motor, reservoir and
associated valving assembled to one unit to supply pressurised fluid. They
are relatively small in size and provide functions of pressure, direction and
flow control within the basic package.
38. What are the main criteria in the design of hydraulic system?
(i) Simplicity (ii) Reliability (iii) Efficiency (iv) Cost effectiveness
(v) Maintainability
(vi) Safety.
39. List the parameters related to the selection of hydraulic cylinders?
(i) Purpose (ii) Stroke requirement (iii) Thrust (iv) Speed
(v) Acceleration and deceleration (vi) Cylinder mountings
(vii) Special seal requirement.
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H e a d lo s s H L
fL V 2
2 gD
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media
3. List out the basic types of filtering methods used in hydraulic system.
The basic filtering methods are,
(i) Surface type (ii) Depth type
4. List the various locations where filters are installed in hydraulic systems?
(i) Suction line filter
(iii) Return line filter
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QP
AR
50 m /m in
8. For the above problem, if the system pressure is 86 bar, what is the load
carrying capacity of the system.
Load carrying capacity = Au x P = 1.5 x 10-3 x 86 x 105=10.2 kN
9. What is banked unit and mention one of its applications?
The directional control valves, usually six port valves are grouped
together and is called banked unit. Banked units are mainly used in mobile
applications like elevators. cranes, fork Lifts etc.
10. When is pneumatics preferred over hydraulics?
Pneumatics is preferred, over hydraulics when high speed and lower
forces are required and do not require high precision.
11. Name the three types of positive displacement compressors that are
commonly used in industry?
(i) Reciprocating piston type (ii) Rotary vane type (iii) Rotary screw
type
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9. Draw the symbol for fluidic AND element and write its truth table.
10. Name the common methods used for designing logic circuits?
1. Classic method
2. Cascade method
3. Step counter method
4. KV map method
5. Combinational circuit design.
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17. What is the advantage of using microelectronic control for fluid power
compared to electro-mechanical control?
When the sequence changes, the hardwired electro-mechanical has to
be changed. This is expensive, but microelectronic control is programmable.
So when the sequence changes, the program only has to be changed.
18. What is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)?
Programmable Logic Controller is defined as a digital electronic device
that uses a programmable memory to store instructions such as logic,
sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic to control machine or processes.
19. What are the basic elements of PLC?
(i) Central processing unit with an associated memory
(ii) Input modules
(iii) Output modules.
20. What are the various approaches for entering the program in PLC?
(i) Ladder diagram based.
(ii) Low-level language based on Boolean expressions
(iii) Functional blocks (iv) High-level languages.
21. Explain why interfacing is necessary in a microprocessor control of fluid
power?
Microprocessors usually works with different levels of voltages and
currents than those used by sensors and actuators. So an interface is
needed to connect the items which are not directly compatible.
22. Compare PLC and a computer on the basis of fluid power applications.
PLC can be interfaced with hundreds of input and output lines. PLCs
are designed for industrial environments where they may be exposed to
heat, humidity, and corrosive atmosphere. Microcomputers are used where
the input and output lines are limited and more data processing is required.
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Prepared by
(G. Selvaraj)
AP/Mech.
Approved by
(M. Loganathan)
HOD/Mech.
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