Module 1

2. What is data redundancy, and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it?
Data Redundancy happens when the same data is stored in two different
locations. This mostly happens when a file has the same data and is stored in
multiple locations which results in data inconsistency and redundancy which makes
it difficult for updates to be carried out.

4. What is a DBMS, and what are its functions?

DBMS is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and
controls access to the data stored in the database. The DBMS serves as the
intermediary between the user and the database. The database is stored as a
collection of files, and the only way to access the data in those files is through the
DBMS.

6. Explain the differences among data, information, and a database.

The differences between data, information and a database is Data are raw
facts, raw indicates that the facts have not yet been processed to reveal their
meaning. Information processes raw data to real its meaning. While a database is
a shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection of end-user data
and metadata.

8. List and describe the different types of databases.

A single-user database supports only one user a time, it is also known as a desktop
database.
A multiuser database supports multiple users at the same time, relatively a small number
of users usually fewer than 50 or a specific department with an organization also known as a
workgroup database.
Enterprise database is used by the entire organization and supports many users more than
50 across many departments.
Cloud database is created and maintained using cloud data services such as Microsoft Azure.

5. Identify and discuss the scenario data redundancy problems exhibited by the file structure
shown in Figure P1.5.
The project names are redundant which shows that some employees work on
different projects they are not necessary for this file structure so they actually can
be removed and put into a different table and listed by projects. This way it keeps
the job codes from duplicating and alleviates any important data from being
deleted.

6. Looking at the EMP_NAME and EMP_PHONE contents in Figure P1.5 what change(s) would
you recommend?
I would make a separate location for last name, first name, and middle initial. I
would a separation between the area code and the phone number of the employee.

7. Identify the various data sources in the file you examined in Problem 5.
Proj_Name, Job Code Emp Name, Emp phone

8. Given your answer to Problem 7, what new files should you create to help eliminate the
data redundancies found in the file shown in Figure P1.5?
I would create last name and first name files. I would also create area code file for
Emp phone