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CHAP 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

1. Science is ____________ of things that happen in _________________. We call these events
__________________________.
2. Example:

3. The importance of science in everyday life

a.
b.
c.
d.
4.

Science has three branches of studies

SCIEN
CE

5.

Careers related to science:

6.

Laboratory Safety Rules

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Donts

Dos
_____________________________________

________________________________

____________________________________

________________________________

____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

_____________________________________

________________________________

7. Hazardous substances found in laboratory

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Symbol
POISONOUS

Tarikh:
Description

Example

FLAMMABLE

CORROSIVE

IRRITANT

RADIOACTIVE

EXPLOSIVE

8.

Laboratory apparatus
Symbol

Uses

Beaker

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Pipette

Test tube

Conical flask
Measuring cylinder

Retort stand

Filter funnel
Burette

Scientific Investigation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Writing report
Day:

Date:

Title:
Aim:
Problem statement :
Hypothesis

Variables

a) Manipulated variables :
b) Responding variable :
c) Fixed variable(s)
Materials/ Apparatus
Procedure

: 1.
2.

Data and observation

Interpreting Data

Discussion

Conclusion

Physical Quantities and Their Units

Physical Quantities
1. Physical quantities are quantities that _________________________________________.
2. S.I unit is _______________________________________.
3. Physical quantities and their S.I unit

Quantity

Unit

Symbol of unit
m

Mass
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Second
K
Ampere

Using prefixes in measurement

1. We use prefixes when the quantities we measure have ______________________ or
____________________________.
2. Symbol and values of some prefixes
Prefix

Symbol

Value of prefix

k
centi1/1000

3.

Examples:

a)

2000 m = 2 x 1000 m
1 m = 100 cm

= 2 km
b)

0.0015 m = 1.5 x 1/1000 m

1cm = 10 mm

= 1.5 mm
c)

1 m = 1000 mm

0.25 m = 25 x 1/100 m

1km = 1000m

= 25 cm
d)

1 l = 1000 ml

0.03 m = ______________________mm
= _____________ mm

e)

10 000 m = _________________________km

1cm3 = 1 ml

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f)

Complete the table below:

Is Mass the same as Weight?

Weight
1.

The _______________________ of an object is the pull of the earth on that object.

2.

The pull of the earth is called _________________________.

3.

The S.I unit of the for the weight is the ______________________(

4.

The weight of an object is not always the ____________. It changes from place to place

according to _____________________________ the pull of the earth in that place.

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__________________ balance is use to measure the weight of an object.

Mass
1.

The mass of an object is the _______________________________________ in the object.

2.

The mass of an object _________________________ change. It is the same everywhere.

3.

The S.I unit for mass is ______________________(

4.

___________________________, _________________________________ and

_______________________ is use to measure mass.

5.

Copy and complete the table below

).

Measuring Tools
Measuring Length
1. The S.I unit for length is _____________________.
2. Length is the ________________ between two points.

3. Tools for measuring length

a. The metre ruler, half meter ruler or ruler
i. Use to measure the length or ____________________ lines.
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ii. When taking readings from the scale of a ruler, the correct eye position is
very important to obtain an __________________________.

Parallax error happens if the eyes are wrongly positioned when taking a
reading.
b.

The measuring tape

i.

c.

to measure the length of __________________________ straight lines.

Thread and metre ruler

i.

to mesure the length of a _____________________ line.

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Thread and ruler use to measure track AB

d.

External and internal calipers

i. Use calipers together with a metre rule to measure the _______________ of
round or __________________ objects.
ii. External calipers is use to measure the __________________________ of an object
and internal calipers to measure the ________________ diameter of an object.
iii. Diameter is a straight line that passes through the centre of the circle.

Measuring the external diameter of a beaker

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(a) Close the

jaws until they
touch the beaker

(b) Slide the closed

jaws out of the beaker

(c) Measure the

distance between the
jaws on a metre rule

Measuring the internal diameter of a beaker

(a) Open the jaws

until they touch the
beaker

(b) Slide the opened

jaws out of the beaker

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(c) Measure the

distance between the
opened jaws on a
metre rule

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Acitity: text book

MEASURING AREA
1.

We can estimate the _____________ of regular or irregular shapes by

tracing the shape onto a piece of graph paper.

2.

The area of regular shape can be calculated using mathematical

formula. Example: square, rectangle

3.

The number of squares covered by the shape is then counted using the
following method:
a. Count the number of complete squares.
b. An ___________________ square is counted if half or more of the square is
covered.
c. Do not count an incomplete square if less than ____________ of square
is covered.

Activity : What is the Area of Your Palm?

i.

Place your palm on the printed graph paper with your thumbs and fingers apart as
shown below.

ii.

Use a pencil to trace the outline of your palm on printed graph paper.

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iii.

Remove your palm. Count the number of 1 cm squares that are completely
or have at least half of their area within the trace. Tick and record the number
of squares counted. Find the approximate surface area of your palm.
Number of ticks counted
= Surface area of 1 cm square
= 1 cm2
Estimated surface are of the palm = Number of ticks counted x 1 cm2
= ____________ x 1 cm2 = ___________ cm2

MEASURING VOLUME

1.

We use a measuring cylinder, ___________________ or __________________ to

measure the volume of a liquid.

2.

We measure the volume of a liquid in ______________________(

volume of a solid in __________________________ (

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).

) and the

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3.

For most liquids, the correct reading should be taken from the
bottom of the meniscus with the observers eyes at the same level.
See figure A.
For mercury, the correct reading should be taken from the top of
the meniscus with
the observers eyes at the same level. See figure B.
4.

The volume of a regular and irregular object can be measured by using

the ________________________________________.
a. The object is dropped into a measuring cylinder filled with water. The
water level
______________ because the water in the measuring cylinder has been
displaced by the object.
b. The increase in the volume of the water in the measuring cylinder is
________________ to the volume of the object.

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MEASURING TEMPERATURE
1. Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.
2. The temperature of an object usually measured in degree Celcius ( oC.)
3. There are two types of thermometer used to measure temperature.

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4. Mercury is used because it ____________________ evenly as the temperature

rises. It is a good conductor of heat.
5. Correct eye position

6. A clinical thermometer has a ___________________________ to prevent the

mercury from returning to the bulb after the measurement is taken. It helps
doctor to get the reading of body temperature even after the thermometer is
exposed to room temperature.
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