Electromagnet 8.1

CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet
7.5 Electrical Energy, Power,Efficiency
FORM 5 COPYRIGHT BY
SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JO
Newton Memory
1. Electromagnet is a temporary magnet consist of a long coil of
insulated copper wire carrying electric current wound on a soft iron
core./temporary magnet produces by the flow of current.
2. The magnetic effect of current is called electromagnetism which
means that electricity produces magnetism.
3.
Permanent Magnet
Temporary Magnet
a. it is made of steel
a. it is made of iron, cobalt and
b. the strength of the
nickel
magnetic field is
b. The strength of the magnetic
normally constant and is
field is adjustable or random.
not adjustable
c. both have similar magnetic effect.
d. both magnet have two pole (North Pole and South Pole)
Direction of magnetic fields
PREPARED BY JJ MRLEON
Page 1
COPYRIGHT BY SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JOHOR JAYA)
8.1: Magnetic Effect of a current-carrying conductor
Electromagnets
current
1. Conductor is a material that can flow ..

electricity
magnetism
2. Electromagnetism is the study of the relationship between .and
..
Electric fields
3. .
are produced by electrically charged objects.
magnetic fields
4. A bar magnet produces the around it. Draw the pattern of the magnetic fields
produced around a bar magnet below
Page 2
5. Show the deflection of the pointer of the compasses.
switch 6. Magnetic fields also can be produce by an electric current in a wire.

switch
temporary
7. Electromagnet is a magnet. It is made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a soft

iron core.
8. Using the diagram, complete the steps to switch on the magnetism effect.
Soft iron core
Soft iron core
Insulated wire
Insulated wire
DC supply
DC supply
pins
Switch is
closed
Current
flows
Electrom
agnetic
filed
produced
Page 3
pins
Soft iron
core is
magnetis
ed
Attracts
pins
A. Magnetic Field due to a Current in Straight Wire
Method : using Compass and Iron filling used to map out the pattern of the magnetic field
1. Using Right-hand Grip Rule, draw the direction of current flows and pattern of magnetic fields formed
Direction of magnetic fields
2. Right-hand Grip Rule states that the thumb of the right hand points to the direction of current flow
magnetic
and the other four curled fingers points to direction of its .
fields
3. Draw the same patterns from the top views as follows together with the direction shown by the
compasses.
into
Means that a wire carrying current .. the plane of paper

out
Means that a wire carrying current ... of the plane of paper
Page 4
Exercise 8.1
1. Two small plotting compasses P and Q are placed near a long straight wire carrying a current as shown.
P
Show the directions shown by the pointers of the compasses
4. In the diagram below, the compasses are put under the conductor. Can you draw the direction shown by
compasses and what happen if the compasses are put on the conductor?
The compass is
put UNDER the
conductor
The compass is
put UNDER the
conductor
B. Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Circular Coil

5. Draw the direction of current flows and pattern of magnetic fields formed.
Page 5
6. The direction of magnetic field also can be determined using the RightHand Grip Rule.
* Notes: The field strength is the strongest at the center area because combination from two sources
The magnetic field strength can be increased by increasing the current flow in the wire.
(i) adding more battery or cell in the series ciruit
(ii)reducing the resistance by busing the rheostat
(iii)
using a shorter wire
(iv)using a thicker wire
The strength of magnetic field of the coil wire increase when
(i) when the current in the coil increased
(ii)the number of turn of coil increase
(iii)
a coil with smaller radius is used
C. Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Solenoid
1. Solenoid is combination of coils of wire wounded around on some surface or wounded around an iron
core.
Page 6
2. To check the poles formed, see from beside of the
solenoid. If the current flow is clockwise, the polarity on
South but, if the current flow is
that side is
anti-clockwise, the polarity on that side is

North
the strength of magnetic field of solenoid increase when

(i) the magnitude of current increase
(ii) the number of turns is increased
(iii)
a soft iron core is placed in the solenoid
Page 7
(iv)the turns of the wire are pushed closer together so that the solenoid become shorter
produce higher field strength.
D.Factors that affects the strength of an electromagnet
Manipulated
Responding
Fixed
Number of turns
Number of paper clips attracted Current, types of core
Number of paper clips attracted
Number of turns, types of core
The Current
Types of core
Number of paper clips attracted
Number of turns, Current
higher the number of paper clips attracted to the solenoid shows the ...the strength of that
10.
electromagnet.
As a conclusion, fill the table below

Factors
Number of turns
Electric current
Use of normal iron-core
Use of soft-iron core
Conditions
Number of paper clips
Affects on the strength of
attracted
electromagnetic fields
-nil-
Page 8
Applications of Electromagnet
1. There are many applications of electromagnets. Label and describe the figure of each apparatus stated in
1) Electric bells
batteries
the
1 switch
1. When the switch is closed, the

current flow will magnetized the soft-
springs
iron core
2. The soft iron armature is pulled
toward electromagnet and hit the
gong
3. At the same time, the contact will
soft-iron
core
contact
open and stop the current flows. No

electromagnet.
4. The spring mechanism brings the
soft-iron
armature
gong
armature back to its original position

5. The contacts close again and similar
process is repeated.
below with its simple work-frame.
Page 9
table
2) Electromagnetic Relays
1. When the switch A is closed, a small

current flows in input circuit will
magnetized the soft-iron core
2. The soft iron armature is attracted
toward electromagnet
3. At the same time, the spring contact
closed
4. A large current flows to high voltage
1
soft-iron
core
circuit to operate the electrical

apparatus.
to high
voltage circuit
1. A varying current received from the
caller in telephone line
2. The varying current passes through
3) Telephone earpieces//speakers
solenoid and magnetized the softiron core

3. The electromagnet varies in
magnetic strength according to the
verifying current
4. The alloy diaphragm will attract to
electromagnet by varying force
5. Sound produced as compression and

Page 10
rarefaction of air particles
Alloy
diaphragm
Soft-iron
core
Permanent
magnet
solenoid
4) Circuit breakers
automatic switch to
Its operate as
breaks circuit to open when
current becomes too large
1. When the current becomes high

(ex: short circuit) the electromagnet
strength increase suddenly

2. The iron catch is pulled toward
electromagnet
spring
contacts
from main
supply
5) Lifting Magnet
3. The spring pulling apart the

Its function to
contacts
4. The circuit will break and the

1. Opposite poles on the surface will
current flows stop immediately
produces a stronger magnetic field
2. When the
to current is switched on, the
household
soft iron
core is magnetized to become
appliances
a very powerful magnet
3. Its lifts up iron and steel
move
heavytoobjects
4. When the crane has
moved
new or
steel from
toisplace
location,
the place
current
switched off and
Page 11
the soft-iron core is demagnetized
3. The objects will fall
North Pole
South Pole
Exercise 8.1.2
1. A magnetic field is produced by the current in a long straight wire. The strength of the magnetic field
increases if.
A
The magnitude of the current increases
The distance from the wire increases
The length of the wire increases
2. Which of the following is true about the magnetic field produced by a current in a flat circular coil?.
A
It is uniform inside the coil
It is the weakest at the centre
It is the strongest at the centre
There is no magnetic field outside the coil
3. What is the effect of placing a piece of soft iron core inside a solenoid carrying current?
A
The resistance of the solenoid decreases
The current in the solenoid increases
The magnetic field becomes stronger
4. An electromagnet is used in these apparatus except

Page 12
A
a compass
an a.c dynamo
a moving coil ammeter
a telephone earpiece
5. Which electromagnet is the strongest?

A
+2V+4V-
+2V-
Page 13
+4V-

Electromagnet 8.1

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Electromagnet 8.1

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CHAPTER 8: Electromagnet

7.5 Electrical Energy, Power,Efficiency

SUPER EDUCATION GROUP (JO

Direction of magnetic fields

8.1: Magnetic Effect of a current-carrying conductor

1. Conductor is a material that can flow ..

switch 6. Magnetic fields also can be produce by an electric current in a wire.

7. Electromagnet is a magnet. It is made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a soft

Soft iron core

Soft iron core

Direction of magnetic fields

Means that a wire carrying current .. the plane of paper

Means that a wire carrying current ... of the plane of paper

Show the directions shown by the pointers of the compasses

B. Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Circular Coil

C. Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Solenoid

anti-clockwise, the polarity on that side is

the strength of magnetic field of solenoid increase when

a soft iron core is placed in the solenoid

As a conclusion, fill the table below

Number of paper clips

Affects on the strength of

1. When the switch is closed, the

open and stop the current flows. No

armature back to its original position

below with its simple work-frame.

1. When the switch A is closed, a small

circuit to operate the electrical

solenoid and magnetized the softiron core

5. Sound produced as compression and

current becomes too large

1. When the current becomes high

strength increase suddenly

3. The spring pulling apart the

4. The circuit will break and the

The magnitude of the current increases

The distance from the wire increases

The length of the wire increases

It is uniform inside the coil

It is the weakest at the centre

It is the strongest at the centre

There is no magnetic field outside the coil

The resistance of the solenoid decreases

The current in the solenoid increases

The magnetic field becomes stronger

4. An electromagnet is used in these apparatus except

a moving coil ammeter

5. Which electromagnet is the strongest?

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