Exercise 15.

Consider the bibliographical coordinates in the box

above, look up for details and:
a) Fill in the missing forms in the table below:
Infinitive
1. / i /
begin
drink

2. / ai /
arise
drive

3. / /
become
come
4. /ou /
4. /ei/
blow
grow

shake

Past tense
/ /
began

Past participle
/ /
begun

/ou /
arose

/i /+n
arisen

/ ei /
became

/ /
become

/u/
/u/
blew

/ou / + n/en
/ei/+ n/en
blown

b) Give your own examples of verbs whose irregular forms are

identical to those above the empty spaces
1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
c) Create two pairs of sentences to distinguish between the use
of past participle 1 and past participle 2
1) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
d) In the table below introduce the other groups of verbs devised
by the two authors:
Infinitiv Past
Past
Past
e
tense
participle 1
participle 2
1. same phonetic modification for the past tense and
participle
strike
struck
struck
stricken
2. same phonetic alteration for the past tense
/participle + -(e)n /-en

bear
bore
3.
sell
sold
4.

born
sold

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Functional interpretation
Exercise 16. Identify the main verbs in the text below, and
describe them considering some of the theoretical aspects
pertaining to English verbs, described in the course.
Hence the cycle of speech, in so far as we may look upon it as a
purely external instrument, begins and ends in the realm of sounds.
The concordance between the initial auditory imagery and the final
auditory perceptions is the social seal or warrant of the successful
issue of the process. As we have already seen, the typical course of
this process may undergo endless modifications or transfers into
equivalent systems
(E. Sapir - Language)
Exercise 17. Give three examples of verbs which behave as main
verbs and as (modal) auxiliary verbs, no matter whether
modals or primary auxiliaries:
1. a) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
b)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. a) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
b)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3. a) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
b)_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Exercise 18. Build your own sentences to follow the pattern

below; you may use the clues under the model:
He
Subjec
t

migh
t
aux.
1

hav
e
aux
2

bee
n
aux
3

bein
g
aux
4

questione by the
d
police.
main verb byphrase

1. Plane wreck / scrutinize / by a group of experts

2. Patient / investigate / before the surgery / by the team of surgeons on duty

3. Tiger cubs / monitored / by their caretakers / before being set free.

4. Jobs/ before the job fair/ in this multinational company / advertised / local
newspaper / for some time.

5. the lists/ for the elections / write / necessary / organizers/of this major
event

Exercise 19. Choose the word in brackets which best describes

the role of the verb to be:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Jeremy is Juliets first husband. (main /auxiliary)

Casa Poporului is Romanias biggest building. (main / auxiliary)
Are they working for their family business? (main / auxiliary)
They are here with us and we are happy to have them with us. (main
/auxiliary)
5. It hard for you to understand why now and then you are given a cold
shoulder by your old friend. (main /auxiliary)
6. Mary is happier and happier by the day. (main /auxiliary)
7. I am being nervous without any reason at all; I cannot understand
myself. (main /auxiliary)
8. Some American celebrities have been awarded two Oscars in a row.
(main /auxiliary)
9. I think Jim is being naughtier today. (main /auxiliary)
10.
Action is the proper fruit of knowledge. (main /auxiliary)

Exercise 20. Choose the word in brackets which best describes

the role of the verb to have:
1. The Browns have a house in Malibu and a flat in New York.
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
2. He has got a terrible flu and he must
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)

not

leave

3. When he recovers he will have a long

(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)

stroll

in

his
the

bed.
park.

4. Because he had had an excruciating pain in the chest a doctor was

sent for. (auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
5. James had a grapefruit and a pomegranate for his breakfast.
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
6. Hermione decided she had been too concerned with a problem which
in fact, was not hers, so she dropped it all of a sudden.
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
7. He had no way to contact them and tell them the terrible turn of
events. (D. Brown The Da Vinci Code) (auxiliary/causative/main
dynamic/main static)

Exercise 21. Choose the word in brackets which best describes

the role of the verb to do:
1. He
has
done
a
terrible
job
of
this
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)

wonderful

text.

2. A man will do what a man has to do. (auxiliary/causative/main

dynamic/main static)
3. They do know the requests; your repeating them will only mean a
waste of time. (auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
4. What have the political analysts have
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)

been

doing

lately?

5. Do help yourself to some more cakes! They are home-made, you know.
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
6. Do the room for me and youll get some more pocket money for this
week-end! (auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
7. How do I dial the States? (D. Brown The Da Vinci Code)
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)

8. Ladies
have
their
hair
done
at
least
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)

twice

week.

9. Billy had Patrick show the visitors in and out the exhibition.
(auxiliary/causative/main dynamic/main static)
GRAMMAR TIPS Causatives:
HAVE and GET
They suggest that someone else but the grammatical subject of the
sentence performs the main verb action. When choosing the causative,
please consider:
a) (to) have:
i) describes a service performed for the sentence subject;
She had her room painted.
ii) describes something unfortunate that happens to the sentence
subject:
He had his credit card stolen.
b) (to) get:
i) is used where there is a feeling that something must be done:
I must get my garden dug.
ii) is common in orders and imperatives
Get your hair cut this week!
iii) is used where there is a feeling of eventually managing something
in some uses:
She always gets things done in this department.

Exercise 22. Translate into English paying attention to the

causative required by the context:
1. Mi-am aranjat astfel programul zilei de astzi nct s am timp s ajung
la coafor s m coafez i s-mi fac unghiile.

..
2. Cnd au ajuns la spital, nainte de a fi introdus n sala de operaie i s-au
dezinfectat rnile.

..
3. Pentru c au fost invitai nu au avut pe ce s cheltuie prea muli bani
hotelul li s-a pltit de ctre firm, iar la prnz i seara au fost invitai de
noii lor prieteni.

..

.
4. Unii oameni de afaceri mai puin plini de succes i cur hainele la
ateliere specializate, n loc s-i cumpere costume noi n fiecare
anotimp.

..
.
5. I-am pus s-mi ordoneze foile manuscrisului de pe birou pentru c nu
mai lucrasem de mult acolo i voiam s incep din ziua urmtoare.

..
.
6. Vopsete-i prul! Firele tale albe m deprim.

..
7. Am pus-o pe fata noastr de cas s-mi calce rufele pentru c mie numi place deloc s calc.

..

Exercise 23. Translate into English:

1. Li s-au corectat testele la matematic i li s-au comunicat rezultatele
mai repede dect crezuser ei.
.
..
2. Guvernul Germaniei a promis, n vara anului 1990, c toate ministerele
vor fi mutate la Berlin pn la 1 septembrie, cnd va ncepe sesiunea
de toamn a parlamentului.
..
..

.
3. Celebra solist a fost machiat de un nu mai puin celebru make-up
artist nainte de a ncepe edina foto pentru o revit vndut n toat
lumea.

...
4. Oamenilor li s-a asigurat o mas cald i un adpost numai la cteva
zile dup catastrofa cu care s-au confruntat.
..
..
5. Artitilor invitai la festivalul de teatru Shakespeare 2010 li s-a pltit
cazarea i masa de ctre numeroase firme din Bucureti care au dorit
s sponsorizeze un asemenea eveniment.
.
.
....
6. Tnra doamn i-a vopsit prul i i-a schimbat coafura de team s
nu fie recunoscut, dup scandalul care a urmat dup farsa pe care ea
a fcut-o logodnicului prietenei mamei ei, care este un personaj destul
de controversat.
..
..
..
.

Exercise 24. Choose the word in brackets which best describes

the role of the verb to do:
1. She did her job successfully, so the managerial team decided not to
sack her. (main / auxiliary)
2. Thomas did understand the theory only after he read it several times.
(main / auxiliary)
3. They have done their best to make a good impression on the newly
married. (main / auxiliary)
4. Teddy could hardly remember what he had done on that special day.
(main / auxiliary)

5. After the car crash she had had, Yvonne could not embroider blouses
as she did before that mishap. (main / auxiliary)
6. What did Victor do when he lived in London? (main / auxiliary)

Exercise 25. Fill in the blanks with the correct auxiliary in the
sentences below:
1. Last summer, Samantha successfully did her job as a nurse,
2. They have been dozing off during the talk-show,
3. Richard is surfing together with his friends,
4. Spot is a very clever dog,
5. Lets take a trip to Bucharest this week-end, .
6. She ought to have paid the bill in due time and we shouldnt have had
to pay penalties now,
7. Theodora writes the funniest column in the local press,
8. Analysts agreed to take part in the campaign initiated with a view to
supporting the increase of the interest rates,

Exercise 26. Translate into English, paying attention to the

auxiliary in the tag question:
1. El a ajuns la timp acas, nu-i aa?
.
2. Ei vor cumpra apartamentul luna viitoare, nu-i aa?
.
3. S-a rnit n timpul accidentului, nu-i aa?
.
4. Voiam s ajung la teatru nainte de ora apte, nu-i aa?
.
5. tiam c vei veni mai devreme, nu-i aa?
.
6. Au aflat ultimele tiri din Georgia, nu-i aa?
.
7. Nu-i aa c nu v vor nsoi pn la aeroport?
.
8. N-ai cumprat dicionarul, nu-i aa?
.

9. Nu-i aa c nu-i puteau aminti nimic despre furtul din seara precedent?
.
10.
Nu-i aa c le vine greu s ia o hotrre important singuri?
.