10.

3 Conditions for Parallel Lines and Perpendicular Lines

OMK In the figure. O is the origin. It is given that OD AB, and

251

the coordinates of point D are (k + 1, k 2).

3
E~F Find the slope of OD. 2
1
EF Find the value of k. k =

2 A

EF Does point D lie on the line AB? No

B
3

10.4 Point of Division of a Line Segment

Extra Example 11

Have a Try

The coordinates of two points A and B are (9, 1) and

(4, 4) respectively. P and Q are two points on line
segment AB.
E~F If AP : PB = 3 : 2, find the coordinates of P.
EF If Q is the mid-point of AB, find the coordinates

of Q.

The coordinates of two points A and B are (5, 10)

and (1, 4) respectively. P and Q are two points on line
segment AB.
E~F If AP : PB = 1 : 2, find the coordinates of P.
EF If Q is the mid-point of AB, find the coordinates

of Q.

Solution

Solution

E~F Let the coordinates of P be (x, y).

(a) Let the coordinates of P be (x, y).

By the section formula,

2(9) + 3(4)
3+ 2
30
=
5

x=

x=

nx1 + mx2
m + n

2(1) + 3(4)
3+ 2
10
=
5

y=

=2

2(5) + 1(1)
1+ 2

9
3
= 3

2(10) + 1(4)
1+ 2
24
=
3
=8

y=

=6
y=

x=

The coordinates of P are (6, 2).

ny1 + my2
m + n

The coordinates of P are (3, 8).

252

Chapter 10

Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines

(b) Let the coordinates of Q be (x', y').

EF Let the coordiantes of Q be (x', y' ).

5 + 1
2
= 2

Given that Q is the mid-point of AB, by the mid-

x' =

point formula,

9+ 4
2
13
=
2

x' =

x1 + x2
2

x' =

10 + 4
2
=7

y' =

The coordinates of Q are (2, 7).

= 6.5

1 + 4
2
3
=
2

y' =

y' =

y1 + y2
2

= 1.5

The coordinates of Q are (6.5, 1.5).

Extra Example 12

Have a Try

Two points A(3, 5) and B(6, 4) are given. The line

segment AB intersects the x-axis at point P. Find

Two points A(6, 12) and B(18, 4) are given. The

line segment AB intersects the x-axis at Q(x, 0). Find

E~F AP : PB,

E~F AQ : QB,

EF the coordinates of P.

EF the coordinates of Q.
A( 6, 12)

Q(x, 0)

Solution
B(18, 4)

Since P is a point on the x-axis, the y-coordinate of P

is 0. Therefore let the coordinates of P be (x, 0).
E~F Let AP : PB = m : n.

n(5) + m( 4)
Then 0 =
m + n
i.e.

5n 4m = 0

4m = 5n
m
5
=
n
4
AP : PB = 5 : 4

y=

ny1 + my2
m + n

Solution

(a) Let AQ : QB = 1 : r.
Then

r (12) + 1(4)
=0
1+ r

12r 4 = 0
r =

AQ
QB = 3
1

1
3

10.4 Point of Division of a Line Segment

4( 3) + 5(6)
5 + 4
18
=
9

EF x =

x=

nx1 + mx2
m + n

1(6) + 3(18)
3+ 1
= 12

(b) x =

The coordinates of Q are (12, 0).

=2

The coordinates of P are (2, 0).

Extra Exercise 10.4

Level One
In each of the following, M is the mid-point of AB. Find the coordinates of M. (N= = Q)
= NK A(0, 0), B(4, 6)

M(2, 3)

= PK A(1, 2), B(1, 4) M(0, 1)

= OK A(4, 0), B(0, 4) M(2, 2)

1
2

= QK A(10, 7), B(9, 2) M( ,

5
)
2

Find the coordinates of P in each of the following. (R= = U)

= RK

= SK

AP : PB = 3 : 2 P( 4, 4.8)
= TK

AP : PB = 1 : 2 P(

10
5
, )
3
3

= UK

AP : PB = 2 : 1 P(

10
, 1)
3

AP : PB = 1 : 3 P(3, 1)

In each of the following, G is the centroid of ABC. Find the coordinates of G. (V= = NM)
= VK A(1, 3), B(5, 2), C(7, 4) G(1, 3)

NMK A(0, 8), B(3, 1), C(9, 2) G(2, 3)

253

254

Chapter 10

Coordinate Geometry of Straight Lines

Level Two
NNK One end point of line segment AB is B(7, 1), and point P(3, 3) is on AB. If AP : PB = 1 : 2, find the coordinates

of A. A(8, 4)
NOK Two points A(1, 8) and B(10, 5) are given. Points P, Q and R divide

AB into four equal line segments. Find the coordinates of P, Q and

R.

P(3.25, 7.25), Q(5.5, 6.5) and R(7.75, 5.75)

Note: AP = PQ = QR = RB

NPK Two points A(6, 8) and B(0, 0) are given. P is a point on line segment AB. Find the coordinates of P if each

of the following conditions is satisfied.

E~F AP =

3
AB
5

P(2.4, 3.2)

EF PB =

4
AB
7

P(

24
32
,
)
7
7

NQK Two points A(10, 4) and B(2, 8) are given. Point P(1, 5) divides AB internally in the ratio of r : 1. Find the

value of r.

Level Three
NRK Two points A(2, 2) and B(12, 8) are given. Points P and Q trisect

AB into three line segments. Find the coordinates of P and Q.

Note: AP = PQ = QB
P(

16 4
26 14
, ) and Q(
,
)
3 3
3 3

NSK If the three vertices of parallelogram ABCD are A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3), prove that the coordinates of

the fourth vertex D are (x1 + x3 x2, y1 + y3 y2).

NTK A(3, 5) and B(5, 4) are the two vertices of ABC with centroid G(1, 2). Find the coordinates of the third

vertex C. C(5, 7)

10.4 Point of Division of a Line Segment

255

NUK In the figure, A(1, 3), B(5, 5), C(6, 3) and D(2, 1) are the vertices of

rectangle ABCD. E, F, G and H are the mid-points of the four sides.

Prove that EFGH is a rhombus using the method of coordinate
geometry.

Extra Revision Exercise 10

Multiple Choice Questions

= NK The distance between P(2, 1) and Q(2, 0) is

= QK If the slope of the straight line joining A(1, y) and

^K

17 .

B(2, 5) is 1, then y =

_K

13 .

^K

4.

`K

2 2.

_K

4.

aK

5.

`K

6.

aK

8.

= OK If the distance between P(3, 5) and Q(x, 3) is 10,

= RK Which of the following straight lines has a slope

the positive value of x =

^K

3.

of

_K

4.

^K

`K

6.

aK

9.

3
?
4
y

= PK Two points A(a1, a2) and B(b1, b2) are given. The

slope of AB is
b1 b2
^K
.
a1 a 2
_K

b1 a1
.
b2 a 2

`K

b2 a 2
.
b1 a1

aK

b2 a1
.
b1 a 2

_K
3