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1. Salah satu komplikasi imobilisasi adalah decubitus yang penyebabnya adalah gangguan vaskuler jenis:
a. Vena stasis
b. Arteri
c. Kapiler
d. Vaskulitis
e. Phrombogangenorum
Pembahasan: Immobility exposes the patient to two factors that are contained in Virchow's triad and contribute to clot
formation: venous stasis and increased blood coagulability. The third factor, injury to the vessel wall, is all that is required
to further increase the patient's risk for thromboembolism
2. Penatalaksanaan kasus LBP di bagian IFKR, termasuk di bawah ini kecuali:
a. Diatermi
b. Disektomi
c. Elektroterapi
d. Traksi lumbal
e. Latihan vokasional
Pembahasan: Penanganan LBP adalah spinal injection ( local anesthetic & corticosteroid), intradiscal electrothermal
therapy, rest, excersice, lumbar spine stablility, physiotherapy & inactive diathermi
3. Sindroma tirah baring:
a. Atrofi
b. Hipotensi postural
c. Takikardia
d. A & B benar
e. A, B, C benar
Pembahasan: Immobility reduces the functional reserve of the musculoskeletal system, resulting in weakness, atrophy,
and poor endurance. Metabolic activity and oxygen extraction in muscle are reduced, which negatively influence the
functional capacity of the cardiovascular system (i.e., cardiac output and work capacity). In addition, postural hypotension
and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are commonly encountered in bedridden patients. Immobilization osteoporosis is yet
another complication that has been well documented in the studies of astronauts and individuals exposed to prolonged
4. Seorang anak yang jatuh 2 hari yang lalu sehingga paraparese, masalah rehabilitasi?
a. Impairment
b. Disability
c. Handicap
d. A & B benar
e. A & C benar
Pembahasan: Level of disablement:
1. Pathology disease or trauma that causes changes in structure or function of a specific body tissue or organ.
2. Impairment (organ system level) a loss or abnormality of psychological, physiologic, or anatomic structure or
function resulting from pathology.
3. Disability ( personal level ) any restriction or lack (resulting from impairment) of ability to perform an activity in
the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being.
4. Handicap ( societal level ) disadvantage for a given individual that limits or prevents fulfillment of a role that is
normal (depending on age, gender, social, and cultural factors) for that individual.
5. Seseorang tidur tengkurap fleksi lutut kanan diletakkan tangan pemeriksa pada Krista iliaca kanan untuk stabilisasi
pelvis joint, ekstensi hip (+) aktif. Berarti kekuatan otot kategori rata-rata:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

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e. 5
Pembahasan: Klasifikasi kekuatan otot
ScaleDescriptor
Original Scale
0
Zero
No contraction
1
Trace
Flicker or trace of contraction
2
Poor
Active movement with gravity eliminated
3
Fair
Active movement against gravity
4

Good

Normal

Active movement against gravity and

resistance
Normal strength

Comments
Complete paralysis
No palpable muscle action
Some authors require full range of movement
Some authors require full range of movement; no
resistance
Examiner can overcome
Examiner cannot overcome

6. Bila kaki kanan ditekuk dan diletakkan di lutut kiri, maka yang terjadi adalah:
a. Fleksi hip
b. Abduksi hip
c. External rotation hip
d. A & B benar
e. A, B, & C benar

7. Pathology of OA. The changes in OA can be seen in

a. Ligament of the joint
b. Capsule of the joint
c. Ligament
d. Tendon
e. Synovial spaces
Pembahasan: Inflammatory arthritis involves a joint or joints, periarticular structures, and other organ systems. OA may
involve all the joint structures: synovium, cartilage, tendons, capsule, bone, and surrounding muscle.Effect:
cartilage breakdown in central areas (small tears: fibrillations and larger tears :clefts )
Cartilage matrix increased matrix permeability and decreased matrix stiffness
chondrocytes replicate and produce new chondrocytes ,produce collagen, proteoglycan, and hyaluronan
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous prominences (osteophytes) develop around the periphery of the
Cystlike bone cavities containing myxoid, fibrous, or cartilaginous tissue eventually form within the bone.
Synovial membrane mild to moderate inflammatory reaction and may contain fragments of articular cartilage
synovial fluid decrease in the concentration of normal-molecular-weight hyaluronate and the production of abnormal
hyaluronate.
periarticular musculature atrophies over time(result of disuse due to pain and decreased range of motion. )
8. Principal of RM include:
a. Preventive, promotive
b. Curative, preventive, rehabilitative,promotive
c. Promotive, curative, rehabilitative
d. Preventive, curative, rehabilitative
9. 30%, complication can be manipulated by proper management such as proper bed positioning, which is included in:
A. Preventive
B. Promotive
C. Cure

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D. Rehabilitation
10. In June 2009, Department ? to the nurse to prevent low back pain because of their work. This is an effort to:
a. Preventive
b. Promotive
c. Curative
d. Rehabilitative
11. Patient, male, 54 y.o., lecturer from Univ. suffers from hemorrhagic stroke. This patient is reffered to the hospital on
the 1st day of hospitalization. From PE: BP 190/130 mmHg, somnolent, right hemiplegic, NGT, IVFD, & CTT are in
place. Your priority program at this moment is to:
a. Passive ROM to prevent contracture
b. Rehabilitation nurse to give proper bed positioning & catheter maintenance
c. Feeding program
d. Psychologist give supportive therapy to his family
12. After a week, the patient is BP 110/90 mmHg, left hand only turns side ti side, spasticity, with scale 1, on the
right side, NGT, IVFD, and catheter are still in place. What is your program to this patient?
a. Rehab nurse to give bladder training
b. ROM exercise to prevent initial contracture and long immobilization
c. Feeding program
d. Fine motor exercise & independent ADL
13. Chief complaint in psychiatric history taking should be clear and functionally oriented. Which is the 1 st step of the
psychiatric history taking?
a. Shake hands and greet patient
b. Guide patient to answer the problems
c. Ask and guide patient to answer as you wanted
d. Ask if the patient need any help
14. Basic ADL:
a. Laundry
b. Food preparation
c. Housekeeping
d. Mobility within the house
Pembahasan: REHABILITATIONQuality of life
Activities Typically
Frequently Used
Included in
Categories
Category
Self Care
bathing
communication
Personal Care
dressing
eating
Basic ADL (BADL)

Instrumental
Activities of Daily
Living (IADL)
Extended ADL
(EADL)

grooming
mobility
toileting (sphincter
control)
transfers
childcare
financial
management
food preparation
housekeeping
laundry
medication use
shopping

Correspondence with ICF Descriptions of Categories and Activities

Self Care: Caring for oneself, washing and drying oneself, caring for one's body
and body parts, dressing, eating and drinking, and looking after one's health
Mobility: moving by changing body position or location or by transferring from
one place to another, by carrying, moving or manipulating objects, by walking,
running or climbing, and by using various forms of transportation.
Communication: general and specific features of communicating by language,
signs and symbols, including receiving and producing messages, carrying on
conversations, and using communication devices and techniques
Domestic Life: Acquiring a place to live, food, clothing and other necessities,
household cleaning and repairing, caring for personal and other household
objects, and assisting others

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Reintegration
Community
Participation

telephone use
transportation use
Paid Work
Volunteerism
Leisure
Recreation

Major Life Areas: Carrying out the tasks and actions required to engage in
education, work and employment and to conduct economic transactions,
including education, work and employment and economic life.
Community, Social and Civic Life: The actions and tasks required to engage in
organized social life outside the family, in community, social, and civic areas of
life, such as participation in spirituality and religion, political life and citizenship,
volunteerism, recreation and leisure.

15. Physical medicine and rehabilitation science consist of promotion, prevention, cure and rehabilitation. Giving
education about development in children to caregivers is part of:
a. Promotive rehab
b. Preventive rehab
c. Curative rehab
d. Rehabilitation
16. One of the complication of prolonged immobilization in muscle dystrophy. This can be minimized by giving education
and proper management, which is included in:
a. Promotive rehab
b. Preventive rehab
c. Curative rehab
d. Rehabilitation
17. Patient, male, 50 y.o., a dentist, hospitalized with diagnosis of stroke infarction. The patient is somnolent. What is the
complication of prolonged immobilization that can happen in this patient?
a. Pressure ulcer
b. Hypertension
c. Pretibial edema
d. Decompensatio cordi
Pembahasan: Prolonged immobilization pressure ulser ( cause by decubitus)
18. The major underlying theme of stroke rehabilitation intervention is:
a. Improve control
b. Improve functional independence
c. For continuity placement
d. Maximize quality of life
19. The characteristics of flexor synergy in stroke patient is:
a. Shoulder protraction, elbow flexion, wrist extension
b. Shoulder internal rotation, elbow extension, wrist flexion
c. Shoulder abdution, elbow flexion, wrist flexion
d. Shoulder retraction, elbow extension, wrist extension
Pembahasan: SYNERRGY PATTERN IN MOTOR RECOVERY AFTER STROKE
Flexor synergy
shoulder retraction, abduction &
external rotation
elbow flexion
Forearm supination
Wrist flexion
Finger flexion
Extensor synergy
Shoulder protraction, adduction
Elbow extension
Forearm pronantion
Wrist extension
Finger flexion

Flexor synergy
Hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
Knee flexion
Ankle eversion
Dorsioflexion
Toe extension
Extensor synergy
Hip extension , adduction
Knee extension
Ankle inversion
Plantar flexion
Toe flexion

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20. Pemberian korset atau spinal brace untuk seorang penderita LBP terutama ditujukan untuk:
a. Mengingkatkan tonus otot tubuh secara umum
b. Meningkatkan kemampuan penderita untuk dapat mengerjakan tugas sehari-hari
c. Meningkatkan kekuatan otot paraspinal
d. Memberikan support secara psikologi
Pembahasan: Spinal bracing utilizes these primary objectives:

Controlling back pain by limiting motion and unloading discs, vertebrae and other spinal structures by
compressing the abdomen.
Stabilizing weak or injured structures by immobilizing the spine.

Providing three-point force systems to provide correction or prevent progression of a deformity.