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Introduction
In this chapter, you will be introduced to moment-area method one
of the two (2) geometric methods in calculating deformations in
beams. Specifically, we are discussing:
1. Elastic curves
2. Elastic beam theory
3. Moment-area theorems
4. Moment diagram by parts
5. Application of moment-area theorems to calculate slopes and
displacements in beams
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Elastic Curves
Locus of points defining the displaced position of the member
Represented by deflection diagram
This curve is easy to sketch but it is necessary to know the boundary
conditions to consider them in the sketch
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Elastic Curves
Boundary conditions
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Elastic Curves
In case sketching is difficult, consider drawing the moment diagram
(+) M >> concave downward; (-) M >> concave upward
Point of inflection
the point of zero moment
where concavity of the elastic curve changes
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This follows
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==
[ 1]
[ 2]
10
The
right
side
of
the
equation
represents
the area under M/EI diagram while the
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Theorem 1
=
Beam
Let / =
/ = [Area in M/EI diagram
between A and B]
Area
M/EI
diagram
Elastic
Curve
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Theorem 1: Illustration
b Beam
=
=
L
2 4
8
PL/4EI
PL/4
M diagram
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M/EI
diagram
Elastic
curve
tan b
tan a
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Theorem 2
Theorem 2 The vertical deviation of the tangent at point (A) on the
elastic curve with respect to the tangent extended from another point
(B) equals the moment of the area under the M/EI diagram
between the two points (A and B). This moment is computed about
the point A (the point on the elastic curve), where the deviation /
is to be determined.
The figure in the left illustrates 2 vertical
deviations
/ = vertical deviation of the tangent at
point A with respect to tangent at point B
Note that the point is at the elastic curve, not
in the undeformed shape of the beam. 14
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Theorem 2: Derivation
= based on arc equation [ = ]
From [eq 2] =
Thus, =
and,
Integrating from x = A to x = B
/ =
/ =
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15
Theorem 2
/ =
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Theorem 2: Illustration
A simply-supported beam of length L is loaded at the mid-span by a
concentrated load P. Assuming EI is constant throughout the length of
the beam, determine the vertical deviation of the tangent at the left
support (a) to the tangent at the right support (b).
P
a
PL/4EI
M/EI
diagram
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tan b
Beam
Elastic
curve
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Theorem 2: Illustration
/ = moment of area AB about A
1
3
/ =
=
2 4
2 16
P
a
PL/4EI
M/EI
diagram
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tan b
Beam
Elastic
curve
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Important Notes
Sign convention for both moment-area theorems:
Positive if the moment diagram is positive, otherwise, negative.
Positive / means that is greater than
= 10, = 5
= 10, = 5
= 5, = 10
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Moment-Area Method
Application of moment-area theorems
Procedure for analysis
1. Determine the support reactions
2. Draw the M/EI diagram
3. Sketch the elastic curve
4. Indicate in the curve the unknowns
5. Apply moment-area theorems
Note that the theorems do not directly return unknown values
The unknowns should be calculated analytically using geometric relations
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Example 1
1. Sketch the elastic curve
The blue
curve is the
elastic curve.
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Example 1
2. Draw the M/EI diagram.
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Example 1
3. Determine the slope at A.
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/
=
= 8
/ = [ 2]
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Example 1
3. Determine the slope at A.
/ = 2
/ = moment of area AB about B
1
192
1
/ =
8 8
2
3
2048
/ =
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25
Example 1
3. Determine the slope at A.
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= 8
2048
/ =
/
256
=
=
26
Example 1
4. Determine the deflection at C ( ).
= /
/ 2
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Example 1
Solve by similar triangle.
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/
=
= 2/
16
8
2048
=2
4096
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Example 1
Solve / by theorem 2.
/ = moment of area AC about C
1
192
1
1
192
/ =
8
8 +8 +
3
3
11264
/ =
3
8 8
4
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Example 1
4. Determine the deflection at C ( ).
= /
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4096
11264
/ =
7168
=
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Example 1
Numerical values of and .
Use E = 200 GPa, I = 250e6 mm4.
E = 200e6 kPa
I = 250e6/10e-12 m4
I = 250e-6 m4
256
256
=
=
= 0.00512
2006 2506
7168
7168
=
=
= 0.143
2006 2506
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Example 2
1. Sketch the elastic curve.
NOTE that the elastic curve is continuous all throughout the length of the beam since
there is no hinged connection (or member releases) along the length.
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Example 2
26
46
169
2
26
12
a
-34
Shear
Diagram
Moment
Diagram
-120
169/EI
26
=
= 13
2
M/EI
Diagram
-120/EI
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Example 2
26
46
/
=
/ = 2
/ =
tan B
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Example 2
26
46
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36
37
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b. Concentrated load, 30 k
1.5 62
= 27
2
30
2
30 6 + 4 = 300
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21.8
21.8 15 = 327
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21.8
40
327
27
300
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41
1. Concentrated load P
PL
2. Uniform load w
2
2
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3. Concentrated moment M
2
2
2
42
17.2
17.2
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21.8
43
21.8
17.2
2
2
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12
75
44
17.2
172
A
B
75
2
2
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109
C
12
45
Example 2 [resume]
26
46
/
tan B
46
Example 2
26
46
120
2
900
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Example 2
26
46
169/EI
-120/EI
120
900
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Example 2
26
46
/ =
/ =
/ =
/ =
1 780
2
30 30 +
2
3
1 900
3
30 30
3
4
31500
780
120
900
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Example 2
26
46
/
=
31500
/ =
31500
1050
=
=
30
tan B
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Example 2
26
46
= 10 /
1050
=
/
tan B
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Example 2
26
46
/ =
/ =
/ =
1 120
2
4000
10
2
3
780
10
120
900
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Example 2
26
46
/
tan B
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6500
=
53
Example 2
26
46
1050
=
= 0.00261
6500
=
= 0.0161 = 0.194
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Practice Problems
1. Determine the maximum deflection. E = 10000 ksi, I = 500 in4.
= 1.72
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Practice Problems
3. Determine the slopes and deflections at points B and D. E = 29000
ksi, I = 6000 in4.
= 0.0099
= 0.0084
= 0.86
= 1.44
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References
1. Structural Analysis 8th Ed. RC Hibbeler
2. Structural Analysis 4th Ed. Aslam Kassimali
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