INTERNATIONALJOURNALOF GEOMATICSANDGEOSCIENCES

Volume2,No 1,2011
Copyright2010AllrightsreservedIntegratedPublishingservices

Researcharticle

ISSN0976 4380

LandUse/LandcoverchangedetectioninDoon valley(Dehradun
Tehsil),Uttarakhand: usingGIS&RemoteSensingTechnique

Tiwari Kuldeep1,KhanduriKamlesh2
1ResearchAssociate,CentralSoil&WaterConservation(CSWC&RTI)of India,Dun
2D.PhilResearchScholar,Dpt. of Geography,HNBGU,JRF,FSI,Dehradun,India
ecnhas@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Landuseandlandcoverisanimportantcomponentinunderstandingtheinteractionsof
thehumanactivitieswiththeenvironmentandthusitisnecessarytobeabletosimulate
changes. The study has been done through remote sensing approach using SOI map of
DehradunValley.Theaimsofthisstudyaretodetectlandusechangesbetween2000to
2009 using satellite images ofLandsat (ETM+, TM, MSS), LISSIII,SRTM and digital
SOItopographic maps have been used. The aim of this study is to produce a land use/
landcovermapofDehradunvalleyattwoepochsinordertodetectthechangesthathave
takenplaceparticularlyinthebuiltuplandandforestareas.Landusechangeshavebeen
detected by image processing method in EDRAS imagine9.3, ArcGIS9.3. Finally to
predict the changes in urban habitants and landuse/landcover changes occurred.
Monitoring of landuse/landcover changes which would help to plan development
activitiessuchas majorschemesandtheir landrequirements.Thenine yeartimeperiod
of20002009showsthemajortypeoflandusechange.Forestareaisdecreased3.75%
and water (seasonal) decreased 9.5%. Most remarkable change has taken place in Built
uparearesultingin112.4%growthinlessthanadecadeperiod.
Keywords:Landuse,Landcover,ChangeDetection,GIS&RemoteSensing
1.Introduction
Landuseandlandcoverchangehasbecomeacentralcomponentincurrentstrategiesfor
managing natural resources and monitoring environmental change. The rapid
developmentoftheconceptofvegetation mappinghas leadtoincreasedstudiesof land
useandlandcoverchangeworldwide.AlthoughthetermsLandUseandLandCover
areoftenusedinterchangeably,theiractualmeaningsarequitedistinct.LandUserefers
to human activities thattake place on the earths surface. (Howthe land is being used
suchasresidential housingoragriculturalcropping.) LandCoverreferstothenatural
ormanmadephysicalpropertiesofthelandsurface.
During the past millennium, humans have taken an increasingly large role in the
modification of the global environment. With increasing numbers and developing
technologies,manhasemergedasthemajor,mostpowerful,anduniversalinstrumentof
environmental change in the biosphere today. Both globally and in India, land cover
todayisalteredprimarilybydirecthumanuse(Meyer,1995).Anyconceptionofglobal

SubmittedonJuly2011publishedonSeptember2011

34

LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

changemustincludethepervasiveinfluenceofhumanactiononlandsurfaceconditions
and processes. The growing demand for new agricultural land is generally met from
nearby resources such as forest areas/scrub dominated areas. Such practices can be
minimized by land use intensification, (by growing rabi, kharif and zaid crops)thereby
satisfyingagreaterdemandformorelandrequirementforagriculture.
2.TheStudy Area
The Doon Valley is a longitudinal topographic depression situated in the foothills of
LesserHimalayaofUttarakhand.Doonvalley covers85.7%areaofDehradunTehsilof
Dehradun district. Considering the comparison requirements whole tehsil has been
mapped.TheValleyisbelievedtohavebeenformedduetofoldingofSiwaliksediments
of Upper Tertiary age. It is bounded in the north by the Main Boundary Fault or Krol
Thrust.TothesouththeSiwaliksabutagainstGangeticalluvialplains.(Rao,1977).
Doonvalleyhasarichvegetationcover.AlthoughthemajorportionofDoonisoccupied
by the Sal (shorea robusta) but miscellaneous forests are also found here. The hydro
geological and meteorological conditions (231.5 cm. annual average rainfalls) of the
valleyareresponsiblefortheconditionforthedifferenttypesofforestcover.

Figure1:LocationMapofStudyArea

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LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

A presence of large proportion of clay soil and better drainage act as favourable
conditions for the growth of Sal trees. One can easily visualize Doon valley as it must
have been in past, covered by dense forests interspersed within swampy grasslands, a
situationthatmusthaveprevailedseveralcenturiesago(Palanidurai, K.V.,1992).Land
use of the valley is dominated by forest and cultivated area as they respectively cover
about66.13%and17.12%ofthetotalarea.Duringparstindependenceera,urbanization
in the valley has become most powerful agent of transformation. As per census 2001,
urban population of Dehradun Tehsil reached 58.1% of total population and this urban
population account for 31.0% of the total urban population of Uttarakhand state. After
creationofUttarakhandstatein2002,Dehraduncitybecamestatecapitalwhichushered
the era of rapid expansion in Built up area beyond municipal limits. There has been
massiveexpansioninconstructionactivitiesforindustries,institutionalinfrastructureand
residentialcolonies.

Figure2:ReliefandSlopeCategoriesoftheDehradoonValley&DehradunTehsil
Table.1ReliefsandSlopeConditionofDehradoonValley
Physiographical
Division
Doon
Valley

DehradunTehsil

HeightinMeters
Below 500
500600
600700
7001000
10001500
Above1500

Percent%
26.16
22.88
19.58
17.06
7.58
6.72

SlopeinDegrees
Below 5
510
1020
2035
3550
Above 50

Percent%
53.71
17.17
13.32
11.21
3.47
1.12

Note: NorthernboundryofDoonvalleyisdelimitedby1000m contour.

3.Objectives
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LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

Thebasicobjectivesofthestudyinvolvedtoproducealanduse/landcovermapofDoon
Valleyat twodifferent partoftime inordertodetectthechangesthathavetakenplace
particularlyinthebuiltuplandandforestareas.
1.

CreationofLandUse/LandCoverMap

2.

Toanalyzethenature,locationandmagnitudeofchangewithinthelanduse
classesfortheperiod2000to2009.

4.Methodology
Methodology is a sequence of activities that starts with the decision making, problem
recognitionandendswithrecommendation.Theprocedureadoptedinthecurrentwork
forms the basis for deriving statistics of land use dynamics and subsequently in the
overall,thefindings.Aflowcharthasbeenprovidedforeasyandbetterunderstandingof
theprocedureadopted.

Figure3:Methodologyofresearch
5.ResultandDiscussion
Based on a brief reconnaissance survey with additional information from previous
researchinthestudyarea,aclassificationschemewasdevelopedforthestudyareaafter
Anderson et al (1967). The classification scheme developed gives a rather broad
classification where the land use / land cover was identified by a single digit. The
classificationschemegivenbelowisamodificationofAndersonsin1967andthesame
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LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

wasused inthecurrentstudy.Premisedontheobjectiveofthisstudy,LandUse/Cover
overthestudyareahasbeenanalyzedforthetimeperiodsof20002009.Theresultsare
presentedinformofmaps,chartsandstatisticaltablesasgivenbelowTable.2&Figure4.
Table2:Landuse/LandCoverClassification(20002009)
LandUse
Class

Area(km )

Area%

Area(km )

Area%

Forest

1071.56

57.98

1032.07

55.85

Agriculture

611.04

33.06

603.59

32.66

Barren/Scrub

121.47

6.57

134.86

7.30

BuiltupArea

30.92

1.67

65.70

3.56

WaterBodies

13.01

0.70

11.78

0.64

1848.00

100.00

1848.00

100.00

Total

2000
2

2009
2

Characteristic
Features
ForestFarm
Fringe
UrbanFringe
Degraded
Forest
Urbanization
Seasonal
streams

Figure4:Landuse\Landcover Dehradoonvalley&DehradunTehsil(20002009)
5.1LandUse/CoverChangesAnalysisof20002009

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LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

The multitemporal satellite datasets used in the current study yielded the following
comparisons with respect to land use / land cover change. From the current study it is
evidentthatthereisconsiderabledecreaseintheinforestcoverfortheperiodof2000to
2009. Barren/Scrub and Builtup class is showing an increasing trend and thereby
resulting to the inference that the population pressure is playing a very active role
towards diminishing forest cover. This is very much evident from the Table.3 and
Figure.5 depicting the overall trend in the land use / land covers change for the period
20002009.
Table3:AreaunderDifferentLandUse/LandCoverCategoriesChanges20002009
LandUse
Class

2000

2009

ChangesArea

Area%

Area%

Area%

Forest

57.98

55.85

3.75

Agriculture

33.06

32.66

1.3

Barren/Scrub

6.57

7.30

10.09

Builtup

1.67

3.56

112.4

Water

0.70

0.64

9.5

Total

100.00

100.00

Figure5:Landuse\LandcoverChangesinDoonValleyfortheYear20002009
Table4:LandUse/LandCoverChangesValuefortheyear(20002009)
Value
1

2000
Forest

2009
Forest

Value
12

2000
Barren\Scrub

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Forest

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LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Forest
Forest
Forest
Forest
Waterbodies
Waterbodies
Waterbodies
Waterbodies
Waterbodies
Barren\Scrub

Waterbodies
Barren\Scrub
Agriculture
BuiltUp
Forest
Waterbodies
Barren\Scrub
Agriculture
Builtup
Forest

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Barren\Scrub
Barren\Scrub
Barren\Scrub
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture
BuiltUp

Barren\Scrub
Agriculture
Builtup
Builtup
Waterbodies
Barren\Scrub
Agriculture
Builtup
Builtup

6.Conclusion
Land is main natural resource for life support system. The land and landcover changes
are equally important elements of the larger problem of global and regional
environmentalchanges.Remotesensingtechnologyandsatellitedataareveryhelpfulfor
thedetectionofchangesinlanduse\landcoverbetween20002009.Theincreasingurban
populationpressuresisputtingtremendouspressureonthelanduse&landcoverofDoon
valley.Theexpansionofagriculture landcanalsobeattributedtoincreasingdemandto
feed the growing population. The decline in the area of the scrub land is due its
conversion to arable land. The increase in the built up area is because of increasing
demand for institutional and residential space for capital level establishments. Beside
urbanpopulationofthevalleyhasgrown3.4foldduringfourdecades(19612001)andis
causingimmensepressureforBuiltuparea.Thewaterbody(seasonalstreams)hasshown
littlechangeareaduetoencroachmentslumdwellersandlanddevelopers.
Acknowledgement
Author express thanks to Mr. Prabir De and Dr. Harnam Singh, SCIENCE, have
contributedimmensesupportandencouragementinbringingoutthetechnicalguidelines,
dataissuingandsupervision fortheprojectworkinSCIENCE lab.Special appreciation
andthankstoProf.M.Imtiyaz,(AllahabadAgriculturalInstituteDeemedUniversity)for
their support and valuable supervision. Authors are thankful to Prof. Kamlesh Kumar
(Rtd.),HNBGU,Srinagarforhissuggestionandnecessaryimprovementatthefinalstage
ofthispaper.
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LandUse/Landcoverchangedetection inDoonvalley(DehradunTehsil),Uttarakhand:UsingGIS&
RemoteSensingtechnique
TiwariKuldeep1, KhanduriKamlesh

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