P. S. G.V.P.

MANDALS

D. N. PATEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, SHAHADA.

REPORT ON
WASTE AND RECYCLED MATERIAL IN CONCRETE
TECHNOLOGY

PREPARED

BY :-

1.
MANSURI SABILA A.
2.KADAM JAGRUTI S.
Contents :1.
2.
3.
4.

Abstract.
Introduction
Need & role of recycled materials.
Waste materials.

5. Recycle materials.
6. Uses of recycled materials.
7. Properties of recycled materials.
8. Advantages & disadvantages.
9. Conclusion
10. References

1.
2.

Abstract
World wide consumption of concrete amounts to more than 1000 Kgs/person. The demand is
expected to increase in future Concrete comprises in quantity the largest of man made material.
Laboratory experimentation was carried out to analyze the performance of M25 concrete made
by partially replacing aggregates with waste materials like construction debris, PVC scrap and
leather waste. The resultant concrete was tested for parameters like weight, compressive strength,
slump and workability and compared with conventional plain cement concrete. It has been
observed that the use of waste materials results in the formation of light weight concrete. There is
a considerable increase in the compressive strength of concrete when the concrete mix was
observed. When the coarse aggregates were replaced with PVC scrap in small percentage by
weight, the resultant concrete shows fair value of compressive strength and the workability. But
with the partial introduction of leather waste in place of sand in concrete, the concrete passed
workability test but it failed completely in compressive strength test and gave almost zero
strength. Hence, except leather waste other materials like construction debris and PVC scrap
performed well as full or partial replacement for concrete aggregates and can find suitable
application in construction industry as alternative to conventional materials. Uses of such waste
materials will not only cut down the cost of construction, but will also contribute in safe disposal
of waste materials. Apart from the environmental the coarse aggregates are fully or partially
replaced with construction debris. However a minor reduction in workability of benefits, the
addition of such wastes, also improves certain properties of resultant concrete. Keywords: M25
Concrete, compressive strength, flexural strength and workability.

Introduction
Concrete made with Portland cement ,water admixtures and aggregates comprises in quantity the
largest of all man made material. Historically whenever new compounds were produced ,or
waste materials accumulated in industries ,they were incorporated as one of ingredients of
concrete. Typical examples are fly ash phosphor gypsum, blast furnace slag, saw mil waste, rice
husk, cotton etc. The wide spread need for conserving resources & environment will be reflected
major emphasis on the use of wastes & by products.
Recycling of concrete materials also offers some promise. Attempts are already being
made to use municipal refuse & waste oil as partial substitutes for the fuel in the production of
cement clinker. Concrete is basically made of aggregates glued by a cementitious materials paste,
which is made of cementitious materials and water. Each one of these concrete primary
constituents, to a different extent, has an environmental impact and gives rise to different
sustainability issues. The current concrete construction practice is thought unsustainable because,
not only it is consuming enormous quantities of stone, sand, and drinking water, but also two
billion tons a year of portland cement, which is not an environment friendly material from the
standpoint of energy consumption and release of green-house gases(GHG) leading to global
warming. According to this new vision, notwithstanding the energy consumption of cement
production and the related carbon dioxide emissions, concrete can adsorb these negative
effects and become an environmentally sustainable material. This outstanding effect is mainly
attributable to the opportunity of easily incorporating mineral additions in concrete. Such mineral
additions are quite different in nature, composition, and origin. Thanks to concrete technology
developments, particularly connected to advances in concrete admixtures, mineral additions are
used quite frequently in concrete today.

Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

To study waste materials.

To study recycle materials.
To know the advantage & disadvantage.
To know uses of materials.
To know properties of materials.

Need of recycling of waste materials

Rise in population Large scale demand for housing Over stressing the reserves of traditional
building materials Cement material presently not in a position to cope the millions of the country.
The enormous amount of waste materials Recycling becoming imperative & mandatory.

Role of waste material in cement clinker production

Many waste materials contain basic ingredients that are needed for the manufacturing of cement
clinker. Fly ash can also be used as a source of raw material Lime sludge can be used as a
substitutes for lime stone Red mud a waste material from the production of alumina used as a
raw material for cement clinker production.

Waste materials:1. Rice husk ash cementIn the rice milling operation one ton of rice paddy produces 400 kg of husk. Burning of the
husk results in 20% by a weight of ash. Blending this ash with cement produces a suitable
blended cement.

Advantage The rice husk ash cement on hydration produces practically no Ca(OH)2 &hence is superior
to Portland.
2. Mining & quarrying wastesLarge amount of wastes produced in mining & quarrying operations. Mineral mining wastes
are waste rock or mill tailings.

3.

Colliery soilIn coal operations about one half of the material is separated & discarded as colliery soil.
This soil is used to fill in road embankments. It can also be used to produce light weight
concrete.

4. Waste glass Millions of tons of waste glass are generated annually. The strength of concrete less than with
gravel aggregate. This is used to make light weight aggregates.

5.

Red mud Red mud is a waste product resulting from the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore.
It is sufficiently plastic to be moulded into balls. Firing at about 1260 to 1310 c produces a
strong dense aggregate.

6.

Burnt clay High permeability. Concrete contains burnt clay has high fire resisting capacity.

7.

Saw dust -

Saw dust concrete is used only to a limited extent because of its low strengths. The addition
of sand can improve strength. Saw dust cement has a good insulation value . Low thermal
conductivity. Concrete containing large amounts of saw dust is flammable.
8. Eco materials- eco materials with a Green Environmental Profile Gravel and sand are
natural resources with virtually unlimited reservoirs but also with a high exploitation rate.
The conditions of formation are sedimentary, i.e. mainly glacigene, marine and fluviatile. In
1999, 383 million tons of sand and gravel were consumed in Germany. Approximately, 45%
of the sand and gravel is used for ready mixed concrete and mortar. Other applications are in
pavements or base layers for roads and in additional forms of utilization in civil engineering.
The exploitation damages the natural landscape, since large amounts of land are used up in
the process. Today, concrete is the most important building material in industrialized
countries.

Use of Recycled Aggregates In Concrete Any construction activity requires several materials such as concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass,
clay, mud, wood, and so on. However, the cement concrete remains the main construction
material used in construction industries. For its suitability and adaptability with respect to the

changing environment, the concrete must be such that it can conserve resources, protect the
environment, economize and lead to proper utilization of energy. To achieve this, major emphasis
must be laid on the use of wastes and by products in cement and concrete used for new
constructions. The utilization of recycled aggregate is particularly very promising as 75 per cent
of concrete is made of aggregates. In that case, the aggregates considered are slag, power plant
wastes, recycled concrete, mining and quarrying wastes, waste glass, incinerator residue, red
mud, burnt clay, sawdust, combustor ash and foundry sand. The enormous quantities of
demolished concrete are available at various construction sites, which are now posing a serious
problem of disposal in urban areas. This can easily be recycled as aggregate and used in
concrete. Research & Development activities have been taken up all over the world for proving
its feasibility, economic viability and cost effectiveness.

Properties of recycled concrete aggregate 1.

2.
3.
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5.
6.
7.
8.

Particle Size Distribution

Specific Gravity and Water Absorption
Bulk Density
Crushing and Impact Values
Compressive Strength
Splitting Tensile & Flexural Strength
Modulus of Elasticity
Durability.

Advantages:1. Save energy- the recycling process can be done on site. This can save energy to transport.
2. Cost cost of recycled aggregate is cheaper than virgin aggregate.
3. Environmental gain

Conclusion
1. Recycling and reuse of building wastes have been found to be an appropriate solution to
the problems of dumping hundred of thousands tons of debris accompanied with shortage
of natural aggregates.

2. The use of recycled aggregates in concrete prove to be a valuable building materials in

technical, environment and economical respect.
Recycled aggregate possess relatively lower bulk density, crushing and impact values and
higher water absorption as compared to natural aggregate.
3. The compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete is relatively lower up to 15%
than natural aggregate concrete.
4. The variation also depends on the original concrete from which the aggregates have been
obtained. The durability parameters studied at SERC(G) confirms suitability of RCA &
RAC in making durable concrete structures of selected types.
5. The most important conclusion drawn appears to be that the compressive strength of the
recycled aggregate concrete can be improved to equal or even exceed that of naturalaggregate concrete by adding fly ash to the mixture as a fine aggregate replacement.
6. The attempt to improve the quality of the recycled aggregates for new concretes by
reusing in different ways the most detrimental fractions.

Reference :1.
2.
3.
4.

www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com
Waste & recycle material in concrete technology.
Corinaldesi, V., Gnappi, G., Moriconi, G., &Montenero, A. 2005. Reuse of ground waste
glass as aggregate for mortars, Waste Management, 25(2): 197-201.
5. Moriconi, G., Corinaldesi, V., &Antonucci, R. 2003. Environmental-friendly mortars: a
way to improve bond between mortar and brick.