Addis Ababa University

Faculty of Technology
Department of Chemical Engineering
Course Title: Heat & Mass Transfer
Course Number: ChEg2102

Semester:
A.Y.: 2012/13
Exercise V

Convective Heat & Mass Transfer and Heat Transfer with Phase Change:
1. For laminar flow over a flat plate, the local heat transfer coefficient hx is known to
vary as x-1/2 , where x is the distance from the leading edge (x = 0) of the plate. What
is the ratio of the average coefficient between the leading edge and some location x
on the plate to the local coefficient at x?
2. In flow over a surface, velocity and temperature profiles are of the forms
u(y) = Ay + By2 Cy3
T(y) = D + Ey + Fy2 Gy3

3.

4.

6.

7.
8.

9.

and

Where the coefficients A through G are constants. Obtain expressions for the friction
coefficient Cf and the convection coefficient h in terms of u, T.
Consider the following fluids at a film temperature of 300K in parallel flow over a
flat plate with velocity of 1m/s: atmospheric air, water, engine oil, and mercury. For
each fluid, determine the velocity and thermal boundary layer thickness at a distance
of 40mm from the leading edge.
Engine oil at a rate of 0.02kg/s flows through a 3mm diameter tube 30m long. The oil
has an inlet temperature of 60oC, while the tube wall temperature is maintained at
100oC by steam condensing on its outer surface.
a. Estimate the average heat transfer coefficient for internal flow of the oil.
b. Determine the outlet temperature of the oil.
Beverage in cans 150mm long and 60mm in diameter is initially at 27oC and is to be
cooled by placement in a refrigerator compartment at 4oC. In the interest of
maximizing the cooling rate, should the cans be laid horizontally or vertically in the
compartment? As a first approximation, neglect heat transfer from the ends.
Estimate the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient for water boiling at
atmospheric pressure on the outer surface of a platinum-plated 10mm diameter tube
maintained 10oC above the saturation temperature.
Saturated steam at 0.1 bar condenses with a convection coefficient of 6800W/m2.K on
the outside of a brass tube having inner and outer diameters of 16.5 and 19mm,
respectively. The convection coefficient for water flowing inside the tube is
5200W/m2.K. Estimate the steam condensation rate per unit length of the tube when
the mean water temperature is 30oC (not yet)
Atmospheric air in parallel flow (u - 15m/s, T - 15oC) over a flat surface heater is to
be maintained at a temperature of 140oC. The heater surface area is 0.25m2, and the
air flow is known to indicate a drag force of 0.25N on the heater. What is the

electrical power needed to maintain the prescribed surface temperature? Assume that
the Reynolds analogy is applicable.
10. Pressurized water is often available at elevated temperatures and may be used for
space heating or industrial process applications. In such cases it is customary to use a
tube bundle in which the water is passed through the tubes, while the air is passed in
cross flow over the tubes. Consider a staggered arrangement for which the tube
outside diameter is 16.4mm and the longitudinal and transverse pitches are SL =
34.3mm and ST = 31.3mm. There are seven rows of tubes in the air flow direction and
eight tubes per row. Under typical operating conditions the cylinder surface
temperature is at 70oC, while the air upstream temperature and velocity are 15oC and
6m/s, respectively. Determine the air-side convection coefficient and the rate of heat
transfer for the tube bundle. What is the pressure drop?
11. A system for heating water from an inlet temperature of Ti = 20 oC to an outlet
temperature of To = 60 oC involves passing the water through a thick-walled tube
having inner and outer diameters of 20 and 40mm. The outer surface of the tube is
well insulated, and electrical heating within the wall provides for a uniform
generation rate of g = 106W/m3.
a. For a water mass flow rate of 0.1kg/s, how long must the tube be to
achieve the desired outlet temperature?
b. If the inner surface temperature of the tube is Ts = 70 oC at the outlet, what
is the local convection heat transfer coefficient at the outlet?
12. One concept used for solar energy collection involves placing a tube at the focal point
of a parabolic reflector and passing a fluid through the tube. The net effect of this
arrangement may be approximated as one of creating a condition of uniform heating
at the surface of the tube. That is, the resulting heat flux to the tube may be assumed
to be a constant along the circumference and axis of the tube. Consider operation with
a tube of diameter D = 60mm on a sunny day for which q = 2000W/m2.
a. If pressurized water enters the tube at 0.01kg/s and Ti = 20 oC what tube
length L is required to obtain an exit temperature of 80 oC?
b. What is the surface temperature at the outlet of the tube, where fully
developed conditions may be assumed to exist?
13. Air at 1atm and 27 oC enters a 5mm diameter smooth tube with a velocity of 3m/s.
The length of the tube is 10cm. A constant heat flux is imposed on the tube wall.
Calculate the heat transfer if the exit bulk temperature is 77 oC. Also calculate the exit
wall temperature and the value of h at exit.