Pt.

Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur

SOS in Geography
Five Year Integrated Course
Syllabus
B.A. Honours Geography
The B.A Honours course in Geography shall comprise of six semesters. There
will be four courses in addition to the courses at B.A. general level, to be taught at the
Honours level in V and VI semester. The arrangement of the courses and marks will be as
follows.
I Semester
Code 101.
102.
103.

Paper I Fundamentals of Geography

Paper II Elements of Geomorphology
Practical-I

Max. Marks
50
50
50

II Semester
Code 201.
202.
203

Paper-III- Human Geography

Paper-IV- Dynamic Geomorphology
Practical-II
III Semester

50
50
50

Code 301.
302.
303

Paper-V- Climatology
Paper-VI-Geography of North America
Practical- III

50
50
50

IV Semester
Code 401.
402.
403.

Paper VII- Oceanography

Paper VIII-Geography of Asia
Practical- IV

50
50
50

V Semester
Code 501.
502.
503.
504.
505.

Paper-IX- Geography of Resources

Paper-X Geography of India
Paper-XI Population Geography
Paper-XII- Urban Geography
Practical V

100
100
100
100
50

VI Semester
Code 601.
602.
603.
604.
605.

Paper-XIII-Geography of Environment
Paper-XIV-Geography of Chhattisgarh
Paper-XV-Economic Geography
Paper-XVI-Geographical Information System
Practical VI

100
100
100
100
50

1. Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration.

2. Candidates will be required to pass separately in theory and practical examination
in each semester.
3. Each theory paper is divided into five units.
(a) In the Practical examination, the following shall be the allotment of time and
Marks -.
(i) Lab work & Field work (survey)
- 40 marks
up to 3 hours & 2 hours
(ii) Practical Record and viva-voce
- 10 marks
(b) The external and internal examiners shall jointly submit marks.
(c) The candidates shall present at the time of the Practical examination their
Practical records, regularly signed by the teachers concerned.

SEMESTER- I
PAPER- I
FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOGRAPHY
(Code-101)
M.M. 50
UNIT- I The nature of geography, objectives and scope.
UNIT-II Place of geography in the classification of sciences. Geography and other
disciplines.
UNIT-III Geography as the study of environment, man-environment relationship,
ecology and ecosystems.
UNIT- IV Environmental determinism, possibilism, neo-determinism.
UNIT- V Dualism in geography-systematic/regional. Physical/human.
Suggested Readings1. Abler, Ronald, F. et al Geographys Inner Worlds : Pervasive themes in
contemporary American Geography, Routledge New Jersey,1992.
2. Dikshit, R. D. The Arts, Science of Geography Integrated Readings, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi,1994.
3. Dikshit, R. D. Geographical Thought- A Contextual History of Ideas, Printice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd,2000.
4. Dohrs, F.E. and Sommers, L.W. (eds) Introduction to Geography, Thomas Y.
Crowell Co. New York, 1967.
5. Hortshorne, Richard, Perspective on the Nature of Geography, Rand Mcnally and
Co. Chicogo, 1959.
6. Husain, Majid , Evolution of Geographical Thought,Rawat Publications
Jaipur,1984.
7. James, P.E. All Possible Worlds : A History of Geographical Ideas, Sachin
Publication, Jaipur, 1980.
8. Johnston, R.J. and Claval, P. (eds) Geography since the Second World War,
Croom Helm, London/ Bernes and Noble, N. J., 1984.
9. Jones, P.A. Fieldwork in Geography, Longmans, 1958.
PAPER- II
ELEMENTS PF GEOMORPHOLOGY
(Code- 102)
UNIT- I

UNIT- II
UNIT-III
UNIT-IV
UNIT- V

M.M. 50
The nature and scope of Physical Geography; Interrelation of physical
Geography with other branches of earth science. The place of
geomorphology in Physical Geography.
Geological time scale. Earths interior, Wegners theory of Continental Drift.
Plate tectonics. Earth movements:- orogenic and epeirogenic. Isostasy.
Earthquakes and volcanoes. Rocks- origin and composition of rocks.
Weathering, formation of regolith and soils, rocks and relief.

Suggested Readings
1. Dayal, P. A Text Book of Geomorphology, Shukla Book Depot. Patna,1996.
2. Dury, G.H. The Face of Earth, Penguins, 1980.
3. Ernst, W.G. Earth Systems- Process and Issues, Cambridge University
Press,2000.
4. Kale, V. and Gupta, A. Element of Geomorphology, Oxford University Press,
Calcutta,2001.
5. Monkhouse,F.J. Principles of Physical Geography, Hodder and Stoughton,
London,1960.
6. Pitty, A. Introduction to Geomorphology, Methuen, London,1974.
7. Sharma, H.S. Tropical Geomorphology, Concept, New Delhi,1987.
8. Singh, S. Geomorphology, Prayag Pustakalaya,Allahabad, 1998.
9. Small, R.J. The Study of Landforms, McGraw Hill, New York,1985.
10. Sparks,B.W. Geomorphology, Longmans, London,1960.
11. Steers, J.A. The Unstable Earth, Some Recent Views in Geography, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi, 1964.
12. Strahler, A.N. and Strahler A.H. Modern Physical Geography, John Wiley &
Sons.1992
13. Summerfield, M.A. Global Geomorphology, Longman,1991.
14. Thornbury, W.D. Principles of Geomorphology,Wiley Eastern, 1969
15. Wooldridge, S.W. and Morgan, R.S. The Physical Basis of Geography-An
Outline of Geomorphology, Longman Green and Co. London,1959.

PRACTICAL I
(Code 103)
M.M. 50
Marks 40
Scale Plain, Time, Diagonal and Comparative. Representative Fraction.
Methods of showing relief hachures, contours; Representation of different landforms by
contours, Drawing of profiles serial, superimposed, projected and composite.
Practical Record and Viva voce
Marks 10
Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.

Misra, R.P. and Ramesh, A. Fundamentals of Cartography, McMillan Co.,

New Delhi, 1986.
Pal, S. K. Statistics for Geoscientists Techniques and Applications, Concept,
New Dehli, 1998.
Robinson, A. H. et. al.: Elements of Cartography, John Wiley & Sons, U.S.A.,
1995.

4.
5.
6.

Sarkar A.:K Practical Geography:A Systematic Approach, Oriental Longman,

Calcutta, 1997.
Singh, R. L. and Dutt. P.K.: Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi, 1979.
Singh, L. R. Fundamentals of Practical Geography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan.
Allahabad.

7.

SEMESTER II
PAPER III
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
(Code 201)
M.M. 50
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III

UNIT IV
UNIT V

Definition and scope of Human Geography. Human Races-their

characteristics and distribution.
Human adaptation to the environment; Eskimos, Bushman, Pigmy, Gond,
Masai and Naga.
Growth of population; Distribution of Population, World Population
pattern-physical, economic and social factors influencing spatial
distribution, concept of over population, under population and optimum
population.
Migration- internal and international, Settlements-Types and patterns of
settlements.
A brief historical overview of Geography as a discipline, recent trends in
Geography with special reference to India.

Suggested Readings:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Bergwan, Edward E: Human Geography; Culture, Connections and

Landscape, Prentice-Hall New Jersey. 1995.
Carr, M.: Patterns, Process and Change in Human Geography. MacMillan
Education, London, 1987.
Fellman, J.L.: Human Geography-Landscapes of Human Activities. Brown
and Benchman Pub., U.S.A., 1997.
DeBlij H. J.: Human Geography, Culture, Society and Space, John Wiley,
New York, 1996.
Johnston, R. J. (editor).: Dictionary of Human Geography Blackwell, Oxford,
1994:
Mc Bride, P.J. Human Geography Systems, Patterns and Change, Nelson,
U.K. and Canada, 1996.
Michael, Can: New Patterns: Process and Change in Human Geography
Nelson, 1997.
Rubenstein, J.H. and Bacon R.S.: The Cultural Landscape-an Introduction to
Human Geography. Prenice Hall, India, New Delhi, 1990.
Singh, K.N.: People of India, An introduction Seagull Books, 1992

PAPER IV
DYANAMIC GEOMORPHOLOGY
(Code 202)
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

M.M. 50
Geomorphic agents and processes-erosion, transportation and deposition,
mass wasting.
Evolution of Landscape, concept of cycle of erosion.
Fluvial, Arid and Glacial Landscapes.
Karst and Coastal Landscapes.
Application of Geomorphology to Hydrology, Mining, Engineering works.
Hazard Management and Urbanisation.

Suggested Readings10. Abler, Ronald, F. et al Geographys Inner Worlds : Pervasive themes in

contemporary American Geography, Routledge New Jersey,1992.
11. Dikshit, R. D. The Arts, Science of Geography Integrated Readings, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi,1994.
12. Dikshit, R. D. Geographical Thought- A Contextual History of Ideas, Printice
Hall of India Pvt Ltd,2000.
13. Dohrs, F.E. and Sommers, L.W. (eds) Introduction to Geography, Thomas Y.
Crowell Co. New York, 1967.
14. Hortshorne, Richard, Perspective on the Nature of Geography, Rand Mcnally and
Co. Chicogo, 1959.
15. Husain, Majid , Evolution of Geographical Thought,Rawat Publications
Jaipur,1984.
16. James, P.E. All Possible Worlds : A History of Geographical Ideas, Sachin
Publication, Jaipur, 1980.
17. Johnston, R.J. and Claval, P. (eds) Geography since the Second World War,
Croom Helm, London/ Bernes and Noble, N. J., 1984.
Jones, P.A. Fieldwork in Geography, Longmans, 1958.
PRACTICAL II
(Code 203)
M.M. 50
A- CARTOGRAPHY
Marks 20
1.
Line graph & Bar graph (Simple and Compound)
2.
Circle Diagram, Pie diagram and Wind rose.
3.
Population Pyramid.
4.
Measures of Central Tendency- Mean, Median and Mode.
B. SURVEYING
Marks 20
Chain and Tape Survey.
Practical Record and Viva-voce
Marks.10

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Gregory S: Statistical Methods and the Geographer. Longman S. London,

1963 geography.
Khan, Z.A.: Text Book of Practical Geography ,Concept, New Delhi 1998.
Lawarence, G.R.P.: Cartographic Methods, Methuen, London, 1968.
Monkhouse, F.J. & Wilkinson, H.R.: Maps and Diagrams, Methuen, London,
1994.
Pal, S.K. Statistics for Geoscientists Techniques and Applications, Concept,
New Delhi, 1998.
Sarkar, A.K.: Practical Geography-A Systematic Approach, Orient Longman,
Calcutta, 1997.
Singh, R.L.: Elements of Practical Geography, Kalyani Pub., New Delhi.
Singh L.R. Fundamentals of Practical Geography Sharda Pustak Bhawan.
Allahabad.
Kanetaker, T.R. and S. V. Kulkarni.: Surveying and Levelling Part I & II,
ABG Prakashan Puna
Mahmood Aslam.: Statistical Method in Geographical Studies.

SEMESTER-III
PAPER V
CLIMATOLOGY
(Code 301)

UNIT I

UNIT II

UNIT III

UNIT IV
UNIT V

M.M.50
Weathers and climate; definition and significance of climatology.
Elements of weather and climate; their causes. Composition and structure
of the atmosphere.
Atmospheric Temperature: Insolation and Global enery budget, vertical,
horizontal and seasonal distribution of temperature. Atmospheric pressure
and winds: Vertical and horizontal distribution of pressure; planetary,
periodic and local winds.
Atmoshperic moisture: humidity, evaporation; and condensation;
hydrological cycle; types of precipitation, world patterns of rainfall:
regional and seasonal distribution. Atmospheric disturbances: tropical and
temperate cyclones; thun derstorms and tornadoes.
Climatic classification, basis of koppens classification and typesdistribution characteristics and related plant and animal life.
Role of Climate in human life; Atmospheric pollution and global warning
general causes, consequences and measures of control.

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Barry, R.G. & Chorley, R.J. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, Routledge;
1998.
Crifchfield, H. General Climatology, Prontice-Hall, New York 1975.
Das, P.K. The Monsoons, National Book Trust, New Delhi 1968.
Lydolph, Paul, E.: The climate of the Earth, Rowman and Allanheld,
Totowa1985.
Mather, J.R.: Climatology, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974.
Patterson, S. Introduction of Meteorology, McGraw-Hill Book Co., London,
1969.
Stringer, E.T.: Foundation of Climatology, Surjeet Publications, Delhi, 1982.
Trewartha, G.T. An Introduction to Climate: International Students edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980.
Lal, D.S.: Climatology, Chaitanya Publications, Allahabad.

PAPER- VI
GEOGRAPHY OF NORTH AMERICA
(Code 302)
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

M.M. 50
North America-structure, relief, climate and soils.
Forests, Distribution and Production of Mineral and Energy Resources
(Iron ore, Coal, and Petroleum) of North America.
Major Crops; Agricultural belts of North America.
Industries of North America (Iron & Steel, Cotton textile, Heavy
Engineering Industries), Industrial Region,
Detailed study of the following regions of North America: California
valley, New England Region, Lake Region, and Prairie Region.

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Encyclopedia Americana, 1964.

Hudeon, F. S. North America, Macdonald and Evans Ltd. Londan.
Jones, L.L. Radwell- North America: An Historical Economic and Regional
Geography, Methuen and Co. Ltd. Londan.
Mead, W.R. and E. H. Brown The United States and Canada: A Regional
Geography, Hutchinson Educational Ltd. Londan.
Miller, George J. et al Geography of North America, John Wiley and sons
Inc. New York.
Monkhouse, F. J. and A. V. Hardy North America Landscape, Cambridge
Univ. Press London
Paterson, J.H. North America: A Geographs of Canada and United States,
Oxford Univ. Press London.
Pounds, N. J. G. North America; John Murray London.
Shaw, B. B. Anglo America: A Regional Geography, John Willy and sons
Inc. New York.
Wastso, J. Wreford North America: Its Countries and Regions, Longmans,
Green and Co. Ltd. London

11.

PRACTICAL III
(Code 303)
M.M. 50
Marks 40
Distribution Maps: Dot, Choropleth & Isopleth
Map Projections: Definition and classification, Cylindrical projections-simple, equal area,
Galls and Marcators projections.
Interpretation of Weather maps: Use of meteorological instruments.
Practical Record and viva-voce
Marks 10

10

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Monkhouse, F. J. & H. R. Wilkinson Maps and Diagrams, Mathuen,

London
Singh, R. L. & P. K. Dutta Elements of Practical Geography, Students
Friends. Allahabad.
Singh, L. R. Fundamentals of Practical Geography, Pustak Bhawan,
Allahabad.
Stress, J.A. An Introduction to the study of Map Projections Univ. of
London Press.
Raisz, E. Gerenal Cartography ,McGraw-Hills, New York.

11

SEMESTER IV
PAPER VII
OCEANOGRAPHY
(Code 401)
M. M. 50
Relevance of Oceanography in earth and atmospheric science. Definition
and scope of oceanography and relationship with other discipline.
UNIT II
Surface configuration of the ocean floor, continental shelf, continental
slope, abyssal plain, mid-oceanic ridges and oceanic trenches.
UNIT III
Relief of Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Distribution of temperature
and salinity of oceans and seas.
UNIT IV
Circulation of oceanic waters: waves, tides and currents, currents of the
Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean.
UNIT V
Ocean resources: fish, minerals, oil, transport and tourism, Ocean as
storehouse of resources for the future.
Suggested Readings
UNIT I

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Anikouchine, W.A. and Sternberg, R.W.: The Oceans An Introduction to

Oceanography, Englewood Cliffs: N.J. 1973.
Grald, S.: General Oceanography-An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, New
York, 1980.
Garrison, T. Oceanography: Wardsworth. Com., U.S.A. 1998.
King C.A.M. Beaches and Coasts, E. Arnold, London, 1972.
King C.A.M. Oceanography for Geographers E. Arnold, London, 1976.
Sharma, R.C. Vatal M., Oceanography for Geographers: Chetnya Publishing
House, Allahabad, 1970.
Shepard, F.P. Submarine Geology, Harper & Sons, New York, 1948.
Thurman, H.B. Introductory Oceanography, Charlos Webber E. Marril
Publishing Co., 1984.
Weisberg, J. and Howard: Introductory Oceanography, McGraw-Hill Book
Co., New York, 1976.
Sharma, R.C. & M. Vatal Oceanography: A Brief Introduction, Kislaya
Publications, New Delhi.
Singh, Savindra Oceanography, Prayag Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad.

12

PAPER VIII
GEOGRAPHY OF ASIA
(Code 402)
M.M. 50
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

Structure, relief, climate and soils.

Forests, Distribution and Production of Mineral and Energy Resources
(Iron ore, Coal and Petroleum)
Major Crops; Rice Wheat, Rubber Tea, Jute.
Industries of Asia- Localization, development & production (Iron & Steel,
Cotton textile, Heavy Engineering Industries).
Detailed study of the following regions of Asia: Equatorial Region, Prairie
Region, Hot Desert Region, and Mediterranean Coastal Region.

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.

Stamp, L.D. Asia: A Regional and Economic Geography Methuen & Co,
Ltd, London.
Keane, A.H. Encyclopedia of Asia, Discovery Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1997. Vol. I & II
Farmer, B. H. An Introduction to South Asia, Methuen, London
Shafi, M. Geography of South Asia, McMillan & Co. Calcutta.

PRACTICAL IV
(Code 403)
M.M. 50
Marks 20
Statistical Methods
Measures of Dispersion Quartile: Mean deviation, standard deviation and Quartile
deviation; Relative variability and co-efficient of variation.
Surveying
Marks 20
Prismatic Compass Survey: open and closed traverse, correction of bearing, calculation
of interior angles.
Practical Record and viva-voce
Marks 10

13

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Singh, R.L. & P.K. Dutta Elements of Practical Geography,Students

Friends, Allahabad.
Monkhouse F.J. & H. R. Wilkinson. Maps and Diagrams, Methuen London.
Mahmood, Astam Statistical Methods in Geographical Studies, Rajesh Pub.
New Delhi.
Gregory, S. Statistical Methods and the Geographer.
Hammond & Macullah Quantitative Techniques in Geography, Clarendon
Press oxford.
Kanetkar T. P. & S.V. Kulkarni Surveying and leveling, Part II & ABG
Prakashan, Puna.

14

SEMESTER V
PAPER - IX
GEOGRAPHY OF RESOURCES
(Code 501)
M.M.100
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III

UNIT IV
UNIT V

Meaning, nature and components of resources.

Classification of resources: renewable and nonrenewable;biotic (forests,
live-stock, fisheries, and abiotic (land water, mineral)
Distribution and utilization of water mineral and energy resources, their
significance and conservation. Types and distribution of forests, their
significance and conservation.
Major soil types and their distribution; problems of soil erosion and soil
conservation.
Number, density, growth and distribution of population; population
pressure and resource utilization.

Suggested Readings
1.
Agarwal, A. et.al : The Citizens Fifth Report. Centre for Science &
Environment, New Dehlhi, 1999.
2.
Alexander, John, W.: Economic Geography, Prentice Hall of India Ltd. New
Dehli, 1988.
3.
Allen, J.L. ; Student Atlas of Environmental Issues, Dushkin Pub., 1997.
4.
Brown, L.R. : In the Human Interest, East-West Press, New Delhi, 1976.
5.
Chandna, R.C.: A Geography of Population: Concepts, Determinats and
Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Dehli, 1986.Cutter, L., Renwick, H.L.:
Exploitation, Conservation and Preservation: A Geographic Perspective and
Natural Resources Use, Rowman and Allanheld, Totowa, N.J., 1985.
6.
Global Environment Outlook. Earthscan., London, 2000.
7.
Hagget, Peter: Geography- A Modern Synthesis, Harper & Row Publishers,
New York, 1975.
8.
Janaki, V.A.: Economic Geography, Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi,
1985.
9.
Liong G.C. and Nmorgen, G.C.: Human & Economic Geography Oxford
University Press, London, 1982.
10.
Reid, D: Sustainable Development, Earthscan Pub. London, 1995.
11.
Sharma, H.S.: Ravine Erosion in India, Concept New Delhi, 1980.
12.
Sharma, H.S. and Chattopadhyay, S.K.: Sustainable Developments-Concepts
and issues; Concept, New Delhi, 2000.
13.
Simmons, I.G.: The Ecology of Natural Resources Edward Arnold, London,
1974.
14.
UNESCO: Use and Conservation of the Biosphere, Paris, 1970.
15.
Zelinsky, W. : A Prologue to Population Geography, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966.

15

SEMESTER V
PAPER X
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
(Code 502)
UNIT I

UNIT II

UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

M.M. 100
Physical features : Structure, Relief and Physiographic regions, Drainage,
Climate (Origin and mechanism of monsoon, and regional and seasonal
variation)
Natural resources: Soils types, their distribution and characteristics.
Water resources (major irrigation and hydel power projects); Foreststypes, distribution, economic significance and conservation.
Mineral and Power resources-Iron-ore, Manganese, Copper, Coal,
Petroleum and Natural gas, Non conventional sources of energy.
Cultural Features: Agriculture Major crops, impact of green revolution
and agricultural regions.
Industries Iron and steel, Cotton Textile, Cements, Sugar, Population
growth, density and distribution Foreign Trade and Transport.

Suggested Reading
1.
Sharma, T.C. and Coutinho, O.: Economic and Commercial Geography of
India, Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi, 1988.
2.
Singh, R.L. (Ed.): India: A Regional Geography, Nat, Geog. Soc. of India,
Varanasi, 1971.
3.
Spate, O.H.K. and Learmonth, A.T.A. India and Pakistan: A General and
Regional Geography, Methuen & Co. Ltd. London, 1967.
4.
Tiwari, R.C.: Geography of India, Prayag Pustak Bhawan. Allhabad, 2003.
5.
Deshpande C.D.: India-A Regional Interpretation Northern Book Centre, New
Delhi, 1992.
6.
Farmer, B.H.: An Introduction to South Asia. Methuen, London, 1983.
7.
Govt of India: India-Reference Annual, 2001 Pub. Div. New Delhi, 2001.
8.
Govt of India: National Atlas of India, NATMO Publication, Calcutta..
9.
Govt of India: The Gazetteer of India. Vol I & III Publication Division, New
Delhi, 1965.
10.
Learmonth, A.T.A. et.al (ed.): Man and Land of South Asia, Concept, New
Delhi.
11.
Mitra, A.: Levels of Regional Development India Census of India, Vol I, Part
I-A(i) and (ii) New Delhi, 1967.
12.
Routray, J.K.: Geography of Regional Disparity, Asian Institute of
Technology, Bangkok, 1993.
13.
Shafi, M: Geography of South Asia, McMillan & Co., Calcutta, 2000.
14.
Singh, R.L. (ed.): India: A Regional Geography. National Geographical
Society. India, Varanasi, 1971.
15.
Spate, O.H.K. and Learmonth, A.T.A. India and Pakistan-Land, People and
Economy Methuen & Co., London, 1967.
16.
Valdiya, K.S.: Dynamic Himalaya, University Press, Hyderabad, 1998.
17.
Wadia, D.N.: Geology of India, McMillan & Co., London, 1967.

16

SEMESTER V
PAPER XI
FUNDAMENTAL OF POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
(Code 503)
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III

UNIT IV
UNIT V

M.M.100
Definition, Nature & Scope of Population Geography; sources of data.
Spatial pattern of distribution distribution, density and growth of
population; determinants of work regional patterns.
Composition of Population: Age and Sex composition; rural-urban
composition, economic composition; determinants; world regional
patterns.
Migration: Classification, determinants and consequences of migration;
world regional patterns.
Population and Environment interface: Cause-effect syndrome.

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Beaujeu-Garnier, J.: Geography of Population (Translated by Beaver, S.H.)

Longmans, London, 1966.
Census of India 2001 Series-I India Provisional Population Totals. Published
by Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, 2001.
Census of India, 1991 India: A State Profile Published by office of the
Registrar General of India, Census Operations, New Delhi.
Chandna, R.C.: Geography of Population: Concepts, Determinants and
Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, 2000.
Clark J. Population Geography, Permagon Press, New York, 1965.
Sundram K. V. & Nangia Sudesh, (editors): Population Geography, Heritage
Publishers, Delhi, 1986.
Peters: G.L. and Larkim R.P.: Population Geography: Problems, Concepts
and Prospects Kendele-Hunt lowa, 1979.
Srinivasan K. and M. Vlassoff Population Development Nexus in India:
Challenges for the Nnew Mmillennium. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.
New Delhi 2001.
Trewartha, G.T.: A Geography of Population: World Patterns, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc. New York, 1969.
Trewartha, G.T.: The More Developed Realm: A Geography of its Population,
Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1978.
Trewartha, G.T.: The Less Developed Realm-A Population Geography,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1972.
UNDP: Human Development Report, Oxford University Press 2001.
Zelinsky, W.: A Prologue to Population Geography, Prentice-Hall,
Englewood Cliffs, 1966.

17

SEMESTER V
PAPER XII
URBAN GEOGRAPHY
(Code 504)
M.M.100
UNIT I

UNIT II

UNIT III

UNIT IV
UNIT V

Nature and scope of urban geography. Different approaches and recent

trends in urban geography; attributes of urban places during ancient,
medieval and modern period.
Classification of urban settlements on the basis of size and function;
Urban growth and theories. Central Place Theory of Christaller. Urban
economic base: Basic and non-basic concept.
Organization of urban space: urban morphology and landuse structure:
city core, commericial, industrial and residential areas; city-region
relations, morphology of urban settlements umland.
Contemporary urban issues: urban renewal, urban sprawl, slums;
transportation, housing, urban infrastructure;
Urban policy and planning; development of small and medium sized
towns urban problems, urban landuse planning.

Selected Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Alam, S.M.: Hyderabad-Secunderabad Twin Cities Asia Publishing House,

Bombay, 1964.
Berry, B.J.L. and Horton F.F. Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1970.
Carter: The Study of Urban Geography, Edward Arnold Publishers, London,
1972.
Chorley, R.J.O., Haggett P. (ed.): Models in Geography, Methuen, London,
1966.
Dickinson, R.E.: City and Region, Routledge, London, 1964.
Dwyer, D.J.(ed.) The City as a Centre of Change in Asia, University of Hong
Kong Press, Hongkong, 1971.
Gibbs J.P.: Urban Research Methods D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc. Princeton,
New Jersey, 1961.
Hall P.: Urban and Regional Planning, Routledge, London, 1992
Hauser, Phillip M. and Schnore Leo F. (ed.): The Study of Urbanisation,
Wiley, New York, 1965.
James, P.E. and Jones C.F. (eds.): American Geography, Inventory and
Prospect, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, 1954.
Kundu, A.: Urban Development and Urban Research in India, Khanna
Publication, 1992.
Meyor, H.M. Kohn C.F.(eds.) Readings in Urban Geography, University of
Chicago Press, Chicago, 1955.
Mumford, L : Culture of Cities, McMillan & Co., London, 1958.

18

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

Nangia, Sudesh Delhi Metropolitan Region: A Study in Settlement Geography,

Rajesh Publication, 1976.
Rao V.L.S.P.: Urbanisation in India: Spaial Dimensions. Concept Publishing
Co. New Delhi Concept, New Delhi.
Rao V.L.S.P.: The Structure of an Indian Metropolis: A Study of Bangalore
Allied Publishers Bangalore, 1979.
Singh K and Steinberg F. (eds.) Urban India in Crisis, New Age Interns, New
Delhi, 1998.
Smailes A.E.: The Geography of Towns, Hutchinnson, London, 1953.
Tiwari, Vinod K, Jay A. Weinstein, VLS Prakasa Rao (editors) Indian
Cities:Ecological Perspectives Concept 1986.

SEMESTER V
PRACTICAL V
(Code 505)
M.M.50
Band Graph, Hythergraph and Climograph Square root, cube-root and Vernier scales.
Map Projection: Conical Projection: one standard parallel, two standard parallels,
Bonnes Ployconic, Polar Zenithal Projections; Gnomonic, Stereographic and
Orthographic.
Suggested Reading
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Jefreys, S and John E: Geographic Information Systems-An Introduction

Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1990.
Misra R.P. and Ramesh A: Fundamentals of Cartography. Concept, New
Delhi, 1989.
Monkhouse, F.J. Maps and Diagrams. Methuen, London, 1967.
Nag. P. Tehmatic Cartography and Remote Sensing. Concept, New Dehli.
Raisz E. Principles of Cartography, McGraw Hill, New York, 1982.
Robinson A.H. and Sale R. D. Elements of Cartography John Wiley, New
Jersey, 1953.
Steers, J. A. An Introduction to the Study of Map Projections, Univ. of
London Press.
Singh, R. L. and P.K. Dutta.: Elements of Practical Geography, students
friends, Allahabad.
Singh, L. R. Fundamentals of Practical Geography, Sharda Pustak Bhawan.
Allahabad.

19

SEMESTER VI
PAPER XIII
GEOGRAPHY OF ENVIRONMENT
(Code 601)
M.M.100
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

Meaning, nature and components of environment. Classification of

environment: Natural and Human.
Man environment interrelations with respect to population size, types of
economy and technology.
Exploitation of natural resources and environmental hazards.
Emerging environmental issues, deforestation, global warming,
conservation of bio-diversity.
Environmental Pollution-Land, water and air pollution environmental
management.

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.

Agarwal, A. et.al : The Citizens Fifth Report. Centre for Science &
Environment, New Dehlhi, 1999.
Alexander, John, W.: Economic Geography, Prentice Hall of India Ltd. New
Dehli, 1988.
Allen, J.L. ; Student Atlas of Environmental Issues, Dushkin Pub., 1997.
Brown, L.R. : In the Human Interest, East-West Press, New Delhi, 1976.
Chandna, R.C.: A Geography of Population: Concepts, Determinants and
Patterns, Kalyani Publishers, New Dehli, 1986.
Cutter, L., Renwick, H.L.: Exploitation, Conservation and Preservation: A
Geographic Perspective and Natural Resources Use, Rowman and Allanheld,
Totowa, N.J., 1985.
Global Environment Outlook. Earthscan., London, 2000.
Hagget, Peter: Geography- A Modern Synthesis, Harper & Row Publishers,
New York, 1975.
Janaki, V.A.: Economic Geography, Concept Publishing Co., New Delhi,
1985.
Liong G.C. and Nmorgen, G.C.: Human & Economic Geography Oxford
University Press, London, 1982.
Reid, D: Sustainable Development, Earthscan Pub. London, 1995.
Sharma, H.S.: Ravine Erosion in India, Concept New Delhi, 1980.
Sharma, H.S. and Chattopadhyay, S.K.: Sustainable Developments-Concepts
and Issues; Concept, New Delhi, 2000.
Simmons, I.G.: The Ecology of Natural Resources Edward Arnold, London,
1974.
UNESCO: Use and Conservation of the Biosphere, Paris, 1970.
Zelinsky, W. : A Prologue to Population Geography, Prentice Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1966.

20

SEMESTER VI
PAPER XIV
GEOGRAPHY OF CHHATTISGARH
(Code 602)
UNIT I
UNIT II
UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

M.M.100
Physical Features: Structure, Physiography, Draiinage, Climate, Soils,
Natural vegetation.
Water resources-availability and development. Mineral and Power
resources, Power projects.
Cultural features:Agriculture and Industries.
Population-growth, distribution and density, social groups, literacy and
sex-ratio, urbanization.
Major tribes-their habitat, economy and society. Transport and Tourism.

Suggested Reading:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Sharma, T.C. and Coutinho, O.: Economic and Commercial Geography of

India, Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi, 1988.
Singh, R.L. (ed.): India: A regional Geography, Nat. Geog. Soc. of India,
Varanasi, 1971.
Spate, O.H.K. and Learmonth, A.T.A. India and Pakistan: A General and
Regional Geography, Methuen & Co. Ltd. London, 1967.
Tiwari, R.C.: Geography of India, Prayag Pustak Bhawan. Allhabad, 2003.
SEMESTER VI
PAPER XV
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
(Code 603)
M.M.100

UNIT I

UNIT II
UNIT III

UNIT IV

UNIT V

Definition, nature, scope and recent trends of economic geography, its

relation with economics, and allied subject, Sectors of economy-primary,
secondary and tertiary.
Nature resources, classification-renewable and non-renewable-biotic and
abiotic, Conservation of resources.
Agriculture-physical, social, cultural environment influencing crop
production; Spatial distribution of major food and cash crops of the
world.
Minerals and Industries-classification of minerals:ferrous and non-ferrous
and their world distribution, energy resources. Industries:factors of
localization, major industries-iron and steel, textile, cement.
Trade and Transport:geographical factors in their development, Major
water, land and air transport. Internal and international trade.

21

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Boesch, H.: A Geography of World Economy, D. Van Nostrand Co., New

York, 1964.
Chapman, J.D.: Geography and Energy, Longman, London, 1989.
Gregor, H.F.: Geography of Agriculture, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA,
1979.
Griggs, D.B.: The Agricultural Systems of the World, Cambridge University
Press, New York, 1974.
Hartshorne, T.N. and Alexander, J.W. Economic Geography, Prentice Hall,
New Delhi, 1988.
Jones, C.F. and Darkenwald, G.G.: Economic Geography, McMillan Co.,
New York. 1975.
Millar E.: Geography of Manufacturing, Prentice Hall, New York, 1962.
Raza. M and Agrawal, Y.: Transport Geography of India, Concept, New
Delhi, 1986.
Smith, D.M.: Industial Location An Economic Geographical Analysis, John
Wiley, New York, 1971.
Thomas, R.S.: The Geography of Economic Activities, McGraw Hill, New
York 1962.
SEMESTER VI
PAPER XVI
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM & GPS
(Code 604)
M.M.100

UNIT I

UNIT II

UNIT III
UNIT IV
UNIT V

GIS Definition, scope and specific characteristics of Geographical

Information system; its development in the world and in India. Relation of
GIS with Cartography, Remote Sensing and Geography.
Basic concepts and essential elements of GIS Map concepts; georeferencing; data types involved in GIS; types of data structures, their
characteristics, and mertits-demerits. Components of GIS. Methods of
inputting data in GIS.
Spatial H/W and S/W components of GIS. Integration of remote sensing
data with GIS.
Digital terrain modeling and its application in GIS. Spatial analysis in GIS
Map overlay operations.
Global Positioning System (GPS) basic concepts and applications.
Segments of GPS. Errors in GPS. GPS operations and methods. Mobile
mapping systems.

22

Suggested Readings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Agarwal N. K. Essentials of GPS Spatial Networks, 2004.

Burrough P.A. & McDonnell R.A. Principles of GIS for Land Resource
Assessment. OUP, 2nd ed. 1998.
Chrisman N., Exploring Geographic Information Systems, Wiley, 1997.
Haywood I., Cornelius I. & Carver S., An Introduction to GIS.
Longman/Pearson Education Asia, 1998/2000.
Goutam, N.C., Fundamentals of GIS, Pink Pubs. 1993.
Geodetic Survey Division, GPS Positioning Guide, Govt. of Canada, 1995.
Kraak M.J. & Ormeling F., Cartography: Visualization of Geo-spatial Data,
Pearson Education Asia., 2nd Ed., 2004.
Lo C. P. & Yeung A.K.W., An Introduction to GIS, P.H.I./Pearson Edu.
Asia, 2002.
Martin D.; GIS and their Socio-economic Applications, Routledge, 2nd ec.,
1997.
Robinson A.R. et. al, Elements of Cartography, Wiley, VI Ed., 1995.

SEMESTER VI
PRACTICAL VI
(Code 605)
M.M.50
Study and Interpretation of Indian topographical sheets: classification and numbering
system, Interpretation of topographical sheets with respect to cultural and physical
features. Surveying Plane Table Survey, Basic Principles of plane table surveying,
Plane table survey including intersection and resection.
Suggested Readings
1.
2.

Singh R. L. & P.K. Dutta Elements of Practical Geography. Students

Friends, Allababad.
Kanetkar, T.R & S.V. Kulkarni Surveying and Levelling, Part I & II ABC
Prakashan, Pune.

23