6/6/2013

WelcometotheNational
UniversityofSingapore(NUS)
y
g p
(
)
KentRidgeCampus+UniversityTown
BukitTimahCampus
DukeNUS@OutramCampus
YaleNUSCollege
KYYONG,NationalUniversityofSingapore

KentRidgeCampus

GFA: 250,000m2

GFA: 38,700 m2

Land: 19 ha

Land: 5.3 ha

University Town

972 00 m2
GFA: 972,00
Land: 141 ha

Kent Ridge
Campus

Bukit Timah Campus

Outram Campus

25 000 m2
GFA: 25,000
Land: 3 ha

6/6/2013

Biopolis

Fusionopolis
National
University
Hospital

Map courtesy of
JTC Corporation

one
north
one-north

Singapore
Science Parks
3

Kent Ridge Campus

6/6/2013

National University of Singapore

Planning,Designand
ConstructionofUnderground
MRT System in Singapore
MRTSysteminSingapore
somechallenges
KYYong,NationalUniversityofSingapore
PaulFok,LandTransportAuthority,Singapore
PresentedattheWorldTunnelCongress2012

6/6/2013

Planning,DesignandConstructionof
UndergroundMRTSysteminSingapore
OverviewofSingaporeTransportSystem
g
SiteInvestigation
AdequacyandreliabilityofSI
GeotechnicalInterpretativeBaselineReport
Detectionofpilecapacity

DeeperexcavationforMRTStations
Challengesinurbantunnelconstruction

FFacepressures
Tunnelnearcriticalstructures
Tunnelsinsettlingground
Durabilityoftunnelstructure

Conclusions

MRTNetworkinSingapore

Now 176 km of rail 122 stations; by 2020, 280km rail and 183 Stations

6/6/2013

MajorUndergroundRoadTunnels

Woodsville Interchange:
Total tunnel length: 0.69km;
Opened 28 Jan 2012
North South Expressway
Tunnel and Semi Tunnel :
12.3 km to be completed
around 2020

KPE: Total tunnel length:

9km; Opened 26 Oct 2007
and 20 Sep 2008

CTE: North Tunnel: 0.7 km;;

South Tunnel: 1.7 km; Opened:
21 Sep 1991

Singapore Underground
Road System: underground
road tunnels

Fort Canning Tunnel:

0.35 km; Opened 16 Jan
2007
MCE Tunnel : 3.5km to be
opened at end 2013

GEOLOGY OFSINGAPORE

Sedimentary
Formation

BukitTimah
Granite
OldAlluvium
Kallang
Formation

6/6/2013

GEOLOGYALONGTHEMRTNORTHEASTLINE

Site Investigation Report

Site Investigation: field
and laboratory works
Geotechnical Factual
Report (GFR)
Geotechnical
Interpretative
Report (GIR)

Contains the factual data from site

investigation & laboratory tests
Interpreted ground conditions for design,
e.g. design sections, design parameters

From DTL

Geotechnical
Interpretative
Baseline Report
(GIBR)

Nature, form, composition, properties

and structure of the ground and
groundwater, artificial obstructions

6/6/2013

ChallengesinSiteInvestigation
Tohavemoreboreholes practical
problems

Tocarryoutgeophysicalsurvey

Predictionofsoilrockinterfacefromboreholes

Tunnel Alignment

6/6/2013

FILL
F1 : FLUVIAL SAND

Longitudinal
SoilProfile

F2 : FLUVIAL CLAY
E : PEAT/ORGANIC CLAY
M : MARINE CLAY
G (I)

G (IV)

G (II)

G (V)

G (III)

G (VI)

Hwa Chong Institution

C918
Limit of Contract

C918
Limit of Contract

110-

F1 & F2
G VI

DT2
2154

F1 & F2

G VI

E
G VI

G VI

80-

G V & G IV
G V & G IV

7060-

To 50City

DT
T2153

FILL

100-

90-

BK
K015

BK
K013

DT
T2366

DT
T2147
DT2708
D
DT
T2367

DT2
2019

DT2
2365

DT2
2365A

DT2
2018

DT21
146

DT21
145

DT2
2017

BHB
B-2

BHB
B-1

BHB
B-4A
Farrer
F
Flyover
F

BHB
B-4

BHB
B-5

CC4
4230

CC40
024

CC44
423

120-

CC44
424

130-

C917

Tunnels to 6th Avenue

DT
T2152

Cut & Cover

BK
K014

TKK Stn

D
DT2149
DT2368
D
DT2368A
D
DT2150
D
DT
T2151
DT2371
D

Tunnels to Botanic Garden

D
DT2020
DT2148
DT2149
DT2021

C919

G III OR BETTER
ROCK

G III OR BETTER
ROCK

15

To Bukit Panjang

15

Boreholes and probes concentrated on

ERSS and Station Box

6/6/2013

Geological Conditions at T4

Bukit Timah Granite

Kallang Formation
Kallang Formation

Bukit Timah Granite

Bukit Timah Granite

Bukit Timah Granite

Groundformationincrosssection
It is also important to plot geotechnical profile against
the section of the station box or tunnelling
ground formation
Cross section without g

5.34
m

20.6m
m

unknown

unknown

3.63
m

21.0m
m

Blk 67

21.1m
m

Blk 60

3.29
m

6/6/2013

CrossSectionwithGeotechnicalProfile

Fill
M

22m (lift-core
piles)

unknown (m
main bldg. piles)

25m

Borehole BH
G002
+103.2m
+101.6m
+99m

O(D) N-SPT~20

O(C) N-SPT~49

OA

4.4m

4.6m

Fill
M

+88.6m
+86.1m

O(B) N-SPT~89

+80.1m

5m
O(A) N-SPT~100

7m

GeophysicalSurvey
Commonlyusedmethods

Electricalresistivity
Electrical
resistivity
Seismicrefraction
Seismicreflection
Surfacewavemethod
Geo tomography
Geotomography

20

10

6/6/2013

GeophysicalSurvey
Methodscommonlyusedforsoil/rock
interfaceidentification
Resultsare
indirectinterpretationofgroundcondition
influencedbymanyfactors,e.g.utilities,
trafficnoise

Soil/RockInterface Accuracy?

Interpreted Profile of Surface Wave Velocity

Interpreted Rock Profile

11

6/6/2013

Soil/RockInterface Accuracy?
ABH2
6 FILL

ABH2
1 FILL
F1

F1

GV &
GVI
GV &
GVI

GII & GI

ABH1
8 FILL

F2
E
F1
F2
F1
GVI &
GV
GIII, GII &
G1

GIII &
GII

GeotechnicalChallenges
Tunnelling
induced ground
settlement
impacts footing

4 Storey
BlockHDB

3
m
110m

Existing
Micropiles
150mm, 200mm

Spread Footing
Head Room
Clearance height ~
6.5mRL 107.58
GVI

100m
102 12
RL 102.12

GV

Mixed face
tunnelling

GIII

90m

Piles obstruction
to TBM tunnelling

SectionAA

12

6/6/2013

StationT11 GroutingWorksforSteelPileCutting
ST/0099

DT/2132

103.5

103.5

98.5 IL
97.
8
Tanalised
Piles

Steel Piles spacing

unknown

TBM
direction

5m

Jet Grout
Steel Piles
H356x368

Steel Piles
H254x254

Steel Piles
H254x254

86.
7
84.
082.
4

Steel Piles to be cut from TBM face

76
76.
74.
1
1

Water-sealant Grouting
Cement Grout (microfine)

GV

Toe Level Unknown

5m

DTL
tunnels

18
m

IBA Briefing #2

June 6, 2013

Page 25

DetectionofPileDepth Accuracy?
DTL3Example GroundPenetrationRadarSurvey

13

6/6/2013

DetectionofPileDepth Accuracy?

Estimated Pile Penetration: 21~22m (or)

26~27 m

ChallengesinSIanddetectionofpiles
Moreefficientandaccuratemethodsare
requiredtodetermine

rocklevels

depthofpiles

tominimizeriskofunderground
to
minimize risk of underground
constructioninurbanareas

14

6/6/2013

DeeperExcavation BencoolenStation
SMU

Subway

BENCOOLEN STREET

Depth of station 43.2m

Groundtreatmenttocontrolsettlement

Deep Excavations in Soft

Clay without Ground
Treatment

Ground
Treatment

Deep Excavations in Soft Clay

with Ground Treatment

15

105

105

100

100

95

95

90

90

85

85

DSM

80

80

75

75

70

70

65

65

Elevation (mRL)

Elevation (mRL)

6/6/2013

60

60

March 2011
55
-20

20
40
60
Displacem ent (m m )

Design-East Bound

80

C485

100

55
100

80

60
40
20
Displacem ent (m m )

IW5TA09

Design-West Bound

-20

IW5TA08

TBMforDowntownLine(DTL)
DTL1:3EPBMs
DTL2:10EPBMs+9SlurryTBMs
DTL3:19TBMs

EPBM (C902)

Slurry TBM (C915)

EPBM (C917)

16

6/6/2013

VolumelossesforEPBMinJurong
(Sedimentary)Formation

BlowOut

17

6/6/2013

TunnelinginMixedFaceConditions

Tunnel Alignment

Tunneling under a building

North Bound
Tunnel
South Bound
Tunnel

18

6/6/2013

1m

Typicalinstrumentationarraypriorto
tunnelcrossingbeneathcriticalstructures

surface settlement
measurement

assumed lateral
ground deformation

ground settlement
measurement
inclinometer
extensometer

Tunnelsinsettlingground
Phase VA
1974-1977

1950s Reclamation
Package C

Phase VI
1979-1985

Original Shoreline
Ph
Phase
VIII
1972-1994
Phase VII
1979-1985
Phase VB
1974-1977

1964 Shoreline
Area Studied for
Consolidation Settlement Analysis

Sand-fill 5m 20m, typically 10m

Marine Clay, 10m-35m thick, still consolidating.
Consolidation time expected 60-80 years

19

199512
19963
19966
19969
199612
19973
19976
19979
199712
19983
19986
19989
199812
19993
19996
19999
199912
20003
20006
20009
200012
20013
20016
20019
200112
20023
20026
20029
200212
20033
20036
20039
200312
20043
20046
20049
200412
20053
20056
20059
200512
20063
20066
20069
200612
20073
20076

Settlement/mm

6/6/2013

GeologicalProfile
100
90

70
80

60

40
50

Station T21

C&C Tunnel
C&C Tunnel

100

80
90

60
70

50

Station T22

Shanghai Metro No. 1 Line

Settlement with time in No.1

No 1 line

1995-2007 settlement development with time at different sections in Shanghai Metro No.1 Line

-50

-100

-150

-200

-250

-300

Time

20

6/6/2013

Durabilityoftunnelstructure

Typical durability
problems in a live tunnel
structure built in earlier
MRT works

Better quality of tunnel

structure in recent MRT
works in Circle Line

SFRCSegmentsforDTL3 2350mofboredtunnel
Elimination of risk of steel bar corrosion
Elimination of concrete spalling risk
More
M
d
durable
bl segmentt with
ith min
i maintenance
i t
effort
Cross Over
at Jln Besar

Both tracks
in Kallang
~350m

Tunnel Escape
Shaft

Both tracks in Old

Alluvium ~1350m

Upper track in Kallang;

Lower track in OA, short
length
g in Kallang
g ~650m

Tunnel Escape
Shaft

Sungei Road
Station

Jalan Besar
Station

Kalang Bahru
Station

21

6/6/2013

ChallengesinUrbanTunnel
Construction

accuracyofSIandpiledetection
groundtreatmenttocontrolsettlement
facepressuresinmixedsoils
tunnelsnearorbelowstructure
tunnelsinsettlingground
Durabilityoftunnelstructures

Grand Challenge: To Plan, Design and Develop a

Sustainable and Liveable City for 6.9m People

3rd April
2007

Intr
o

Economic
Development

Housing

Water

Port

Jurong
Island

UAF

NRF

Conclusion

44

22

6/6/2013

LandistheMostCriticalConstraintfortheDevelopmentofSingapore
TotalSurfaceArea<1000sqkm
White Outline is the Original Coast Line of Singapore Island

Land = 734 sq km (24% reclaimed)

Reservoirs = 32 sq km (4.5% Land)
Drainage System= 8.2 sq km

10th Sept 2011

DRAFT for DISCUSSION

Developing

DRAFT for DISCUSSION

45 Underground Inevitable
Usable Spaces

45

September 9th 2011

23

6/6/2013

The Deep Tunnel Sewerage

System (DTSS)

CrowdedundergroundMRTlines
Existing Tunnels

Transfer Beams
and Barrettes for
Underpinning
Top
tunnel in
Marine Clay
Future Tunnels
Bottom tunnel in
OA

Existing
Piles /
Barrettes

24

6/6/2013

INNOVATION FOR
A CROWDED
UNDERGROUND

THANK YOU

25