1) Scrubbing drag is an increase in skin friction drag ---due to prop wash and jet exhaust

prop wash and jet exhaust make higher effectice air velocity + create turbulent flow
Solution 1) use pusher propellers ,
2) conformal nacelles for jet
-turbulent air has more energy than laminar airturbukent boundary layer actually tend to delay
separation
-small body aircraft have lower drag when it skin roughrough skin create turbulence flow
-very long body create boattail drag
solution; 1) place small vanes perpendicular to the skin and angled to the airflow
-smal vanes produce votices which delay separation and reduce boattail
2)place vortex generator at wing and tail
-base drag created from cut off aft fuselage
-profile drag is the sum of form drag and skin friction drag
-interference drag is the increase in drag of component due to change in airflow cause by other
component
interference drag also cause by viscous separation
example 1) fuselage cause increase in wing drag
-wave drag cause by formation of shocks ,m>1
-induced drag 1) is vortices produce in the airflow behind the wing
2)reducing in lift and caused downwash
3) make lift component in drag direction
-2D profile drag is sum of skin friction drag and viscous separation drag
-in 2D , no induced drag
-the uncambered wing has no lift at zero AOA
-the cambered wing has lift at zero AOA
-the cambered wing has zero lift at negative AOA
-rule of thumb is the negative AOA for zero lift in degree equal the airfoil percent chamber
slope lift curve show . 1) infinite AR wing 2D the theoretical low speed lift curve slope is two
times pi
2)reduction of AR reduce the lift curve slope
3)curve become nonlinear for very low AR
4) increasing the wing sweep have effect similar to reducing AR
slope lift curve need ....1) properly set wing incidence angle
2)calculating induced drag for high performan aircraft
3)longitudinal stability analysis

-wing of high sweep or low AR,create strong vortex that create lift
-for cruise efficiency,the wing need to have little camber and operate at high wing loading
-for take off and landing,wing should have lot cambered and low wing loading
-the plain flap, increase lift by increasing camber (do so by defkecting the control surface)
-split flap,produce more drag and less change in pitching moment
-slotted flap,reduce separation thus increase lift and reduce drag
-fowler type flap,increase wing area and cambered
-leading edge slot delaying separation and stall
-leading edge flap are to increase camber
-leading edge flap at certain AOA, lift are reduce
-leading edge flap used for maneuver performance for high speed fighter
-slotted leading edge flap increase camber and wing area
-kruger flap used in larger aircraft,lighter than slat but have high drag at low AOA
-Leading edge extension(LEX),at high AOA ,produce vortex that delay separation and stall
other method to increase lift coefficient
1) suction use air pump to suck the thickening BL off the wing before cause separation
---increse stall AOA,thus increase maximum lift
2) blowing use compressor bleed air or compressed air to prevent flow separation and increase
the freestream flow turning