Theory of Staircase

Layout of stairs
The size of the staircase room and the positions of the beams and columns along
the boundary govern the type and layout of stair. Some of the guidelines for deciding he
layer of the staircase are
Longer span for flights are to be avoided, as the staircase slabs are heavier than
the roof slabs because.
01)

Heavier dead load due to inclined length of the slab and due to the additional
weight of steps.

02)

Stair flights are supported on beams or walls.

03)

Landing beams are provided if the span of the stair flight exceeds for 4.5m

04)

Skew supports are avoided as far as possible as they induce torsion in the flight
slab.

a)

Beam shall be provided over the skew supports.

b)

In case where the column is rigidly connected to beams at right angles, the
column carries moment in addition to the axial load. Here the column is to be so
oriented that the depth of the column is perpendicular to the major axis of
bending to get larger moment capacity. Load on the beam increases. Since the
moment varies with the square of the span and directly with the load.

c)

From the control of deflection and cracking considerations, larger spans of

beams are to be avoided since the deflection varies directly with the cube of the
span and inversely with cube of the depth.

Design Of Stairscase

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1) Design of Flight Slab

No of flights for each floor = 2
Height of the floor = 3.10m
Height of each flight = 3.10 / 2 = 1.55m
Assume Raise as 150mm and Tread as 250mm
No of Raisers = 1.55 / 0.15 = 10.33 Say 10
Say Raise = 155mm
No of Treads = 10-1 = 9 Treads
Width of Staire = 1.20m

1.20m
1.20m
1.08m

2.25m

Effective Span = 3.1m

Span / Overall depth = 20 for deflection criteria
Let modification factor = 3245 / (20 x 1.20) = 135mm Say 135mm
Effective depth = 135-15-5 = 115mm
1) Loads
Per meter width of staire case
Dead load of slab (On slope) = 0.135 x 1.00 x 25 = 3.375 KN/m
Finished load (On slope) =
1.50 KN/m
4.875 KN/m
Dead load of slab / horizontal meter run
4.875
2502 + 1552
= 5.735 KN /m
250
Dead load of one step = x 0.155 x 0.23 x 19 =0.34KN
Dead load of steps / horizontal meter run = 0.34/0.25 = 1.36 KN/m
Imposed load 3 KN / m2
= 3.00 KN/m
Total working load
= 10.095 KN/m
Factored Load = 1.50 x 10.095 = 15.14 KN/m
2) Bending Moment
Maxi. BM = WL2 / 8 = (15.14 x 3.2452) / 8 = 19.92 KN-m
3) Effective depth of slab (For max.BM)
Mu lim = 0.138fckbd2
Mu lim
d =
0.138fckb
19.92 x 106
d =
= 84.95 mm < available depth 115mm
0.138 x 20 x 1000
Hence OK
4) Calculation of Area of steel
MD = 19.92 KN-m
0.50 fCK
Ast

4.6 x MD
1-

1-

bd
fCK bd2

fy

64

4.6 x 19.92 x 10 6

0.50 x 20
Ast

1-

1-

1000 x 115
20 x 1000 x 1152

415

= 530 mm2 > 120 m2 (Min.Ast 0.12% of bD as per Clause 26.5.2.1

of IS 456-2000)
x 122
Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel
ast =
= 113 mm2
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =

X 1000
Ast
113

Spacing of Steel =

x 1000 = 213 mm
530
But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 1 from
IS 456 2000 is 3d or 300 mm whichever is less.
3 x 115 = 345 mm or 300 mm
Hence provide 12 mm dia. @ 200 mm C/C
Revised Astxm = (1000 x 113) / 200 = 565 mm2
5) Distribution Steel
Area of steel = 0.12% of gross sectional area
= (0.12 x 1000 x 135) / 100 = 162 mm2
x 82
Provide 8 mm dia. Tor steel
ast =
= 50.26 mm2
4
ast
Spacing of Steel =
X 1000
Ast
50.26
Spacing of Steel =
x 1000 = 310 mm
162
But maximum spacing of Tension Reinforcement as per Clause 26.3.3 b 2 from
IS 456 2000 is 5d or 450 mm whichever is less.
5 x 115 = 575 mm or 450 mm
Hence provide 8 mm dia. @ 300 mm C/C
Revised Astxm = (1000 x 50.2) / 300 = 167 mm2
6) Check for Shear
Shear Force ( Vu) = WL/2 = (15.14 x 3.130) / 2 = 23.69 KN
Nominal shear stress( V) = Vu / bd = (23.69 x 106) / (1000 x 115) = 0.20 N/mm2
Area of steel available Ast = 565 mm2
Pt% = (100 x 565 / 1000 x 115) = 0.49%
From Table 19 of IS 456 2000 c = 0.475 N/ mm2
c > V Hence shear stress is within limits
7) Check for Bond
Development length Ld for 12 mm = ( x 0.87fy) / 4bd
= (12 x 0.87 x 415) / 4 x 1.20 = 902mm
From 26.2.1.1 of IS456 2000
bd = 1.20

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Tension bars crossing at bends should be extended by 902mm beyond crossing

point.
8) Check for Servicebility
Basic l/d Ratio = 20
Pt = 0.49% Service stress = (0.58 x 415 x 530)/ 565 = 225N/mm 2
Modification factor = 1.20
Modified value of l/d ratio = 20 x 1.20 = 24
Actual l/d ratio = 3245/115 = 28.21 > 24
Actual l/d ratio is > modified value of l/d ratio
Hence the thickness of the slab to be increased.

66