Aircraft - Recognition Basics

Aircraft Characteristics/
Aircraft Recognition
3-15-11
Aircraft Characteristics and

Recognition
Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

3-15-2011
Lesson Objectives
1. Identify aircraft using common recognition features
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Categories.
Weight classes.
Designators.
Performance characteristics.
Identification features.
2. Recognize selected aircraft

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Aircraft Categories
Category I
(CAT I)
Category II
(CAT II)
Category III
(CAT III)
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CAT I Aircraft
Weight: 12,500 lbs.
or less
Single-engine
Propeller-driven
All helicopters

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CAT II Aircraft
Weight: 12,500 lbs.
or less
Twin-engine
Propeller-driven

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CAT III Aircraft

Any other aircraft not described in either CAT I or CAT II

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CAT I General Performance

Characteristics
Speed:
100-160 knots
Altitude:
10,000 feet and below
Climb Rate:
1,000 feet per minute or less
Weight Class: Small (S)

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CAT II General Performance

Characteristics
Speed:
160-250 knots
Altitude:
FL240 and below
Climb Rate:
1,000-2,000 feet per minute
Weight Class: Small (S)

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CAT III General Performance

Characteristics
Speed:
300-550 knots
Altitude:
FL450 and below
Climb Rate:
2,000-4,000 feet per minute

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Helicopters General Performance

Characteristics
Speed:
90-160 knots
Altitude:
FL200 and below
Climb Rate:
500-2,150 feet per minute

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10
Weight Class Definitions

Small:
Aircraft of 41,000 pounds or less

maximum certified takeoff weight.
Large:
Aircraft of more than 41,000 pounds,

maximum certified takeoff weight, up to
300,000 pounds.
Heavy:
Aircraft capable of takeoff weights of more

than 300,000 pounds whether or not they
are operating at this weight during a
particular phase of flight.

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11
Examples of Civil Designators

Model Name
Designator
COMMANDER
SUPER KING AIR
BARON 58
SKYHAWK
CITATION
(CHEROKEE) ARCHER
GULFSTREAM
BOEING 737-300
MD11
BELL 222
AC68
BE20
BE58
C172
C550
P28A
GLF3
B733
MD11
B222

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12
Examples of Military Designators
A - Attack
A10
E - Electronic (ECM)
H - Helicopter
B - Bomber

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C - Cargo Transport
F - Fighter
E8
H60
B1
P - Patrol
P3
C5
F15
T - Trainer
T37
13
Aircraft Identification Features

1. Size
6. Tail configuration
2. Engine location and

number
7. Windows
8. Fuselage shape
3. Engine type
9. Landing gear
4. Wing placement
5. Wing configuration
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14
Size
Boeing
B767
Boeing
B737

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15
Engine Locations and Numbers
GLF2 on fuselage (2)
B737 under wing (2)
DC10 under wing and through tail (3)
B747 under wing (4)

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16
Three Basic Aircraft Engine Types

Reciprocating
C421
Golden Eagle
Turboprop
BE20
Super King Air
Turbojet
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C550
Citation II
17
Wing Placement
High-Wing
Mid-Wing
Low-Wing
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Cessna
Skyhawk C172
Fighting
Falcon F-16
Cherokee
Arrow P28R
18
Straight-Wing Configuration
Piper Saratoga PA32

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19
Swept-Wing Configuration
DC-10

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20
Delta-Wing Configuration
Fighting Falcon F16

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21
Conventional Tail
Piper Saratoga-PA32

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22
T Tail
Beech Super King Air 200-BE20

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23
Question
What is the general speed range for CAT II

aircraft?
A. 100 to 160
B. 160 to 250
C. 250 to 500

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24
Question
What category do helicopters fall under?
ANSWER: CAT I

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25
Question
What category do turbojet engine aircraft
fall under?
ANSWER: CAT III

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26
Question
A twin-engine, turboprop aircraft weighing
12,500 pounds or less will fall under which
category?
ANSWER: CAT II

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27
Question
An aircraft capable of 300,000 pounds of
takeoff weight, but which currently only has
a takeoff weight of 225,000 pounds, would
fall into what weight class?
ANSWER: Heavy

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28
Question
An aircraft in the small weight class has a
maximum certified takeoff weight of
________ pounds or less.
ANSWER: 41,000

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29
Question
If an aircraft has a 250,000 pound maximum
certified takeoff weight, what would its
weight class be?
ANSWER: Large

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30
V Tail
Stealth Fighter-F117

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31
Horizontal Stabilizer Above Fuselage

(Mid-Tail)
Dassault-Breguet Mystere/Falcon 20-FA20

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32
Twin Boom Tail

Cessna Super Skymaster 337-C337

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Forward Slant Vertical Stabilizer

Mooney Mark 21-M20P

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34
Bubble Canopy

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Round

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Oval

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Teardrop

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Square

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39
Question
Are these two aircraft the same model?

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40
Windows
The side window on this aircraft

has a teardrop shape.
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41
Windows
The side window on this aircraft has a square

shape. In addition, the rear window is a
solid single wrap-around type.
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Answer
BE77 BEECH
SKIPPER
PA38 PIPER
TOMAHAWK

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43
Tricycle Landing Gear

Cessna 150

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Conventional Landing Gear

Cessna 170

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Tandem Landing Gear

B52 Stratofortress

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46
Fixed Gear
CESSNA 150

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CESSNA 152
47
Retractable Gear
CESSNA 210

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BE35
48
C172

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49
P28A

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C208

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C210

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PA38

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BE35

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B06

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B222

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BE58

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PA34

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C310

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C421

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PAY1

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BE20

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LJ35

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FA20

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BE40

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C550

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C750

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GLF3

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CL60

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CRJ1, CRJ2, CRJ7, CRJ9

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MD81, MD82, MD83, MD87, MD88

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B731 through B739

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A320

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A306

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B752, B753

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B772, B773

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B721, B722, B72Q

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MD11

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B741 through B744

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C130

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C17

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F16

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F15

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F18

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F22

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KC10

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The End Of THE LECTURE
NOW TO THE TEST!!

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87
Question
What are two types of engines having
propellers?
ANSWER: Reciprocating and turboprop

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88
Question
Turbojet engines are limited to what weight
class of aircraft?
ANSWER: Turbojet engines can be found on ALL
weight classes of aircraft.

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89
Question
What are the nine generally-accepted identification

features of aircraft?
ANSWER:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Size
Engine location and number
Engine type
Wing placement
Wing configuration
Tail configuration
Windows
Fuselage shape
Landing gear

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90
Question
What are the three basic wing placement
positions?
ANSWER: High-wing, Mid-wing, Low-wing

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91
Question
What are the three basic wing shapes or
configurations?
ANSWER: Straight-wing, Swept-wing, Delta-wing

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92
Question
How many basic tail configurations are

there? Name them.
ANSWER: Six
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Conventional Tail
Forward Slant Vertical Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer above the fuselage
T Tail (swept or straight)
V Tail
Twin Boom Tail

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93
Question
What are the five basic aircraft window
shapes?
ANSWER: Teardrop, oval, round, square, and
bubble canopy

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94
Question
What are the three basic types of landing
gear?
ANSWER: Tricycle, Conventional (aka tail
dragger), Tandem

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95
Identify the Aircraft

Determine Aircraft Designator
AND
List at least 3 features you
would use to recognize
each aircraft

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96

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97

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98

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C172

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100
P28A

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101

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102

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103

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104

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105
C208

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106
C210

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107
PA38

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108
BE35

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109

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110

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111
B06

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112
B222

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113

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114

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115

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116

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117

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118

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119

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120
PA34

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121
C310

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122
C421

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123
PAY1

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124
BE20

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125

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126

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127
BE40

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128

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129

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130

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131
LJ35

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132
FA20

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133
BE40

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134
C550

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135
C750

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136

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137

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138

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GLF3

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140
CL60

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141

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142

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143

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145

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146

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147

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MD11

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150
B741 through B744

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151
MD81, MD82, MD83, MD87, MD88

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152

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153

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154

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155

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156

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160

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162

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163

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C17

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167
F16

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168
F15

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169
F18

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170
F22

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171
The End Of THE TEST
REVIEW

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172
C210

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173
PA38

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174
BE35

3-15-2011
175
B06

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176
B222

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177
BE58

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178
PA34

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179
C310

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180
C421

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181
PAY1

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182
BE20

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183
LJ35

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184
FA20

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185
BE40

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186
C550

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187
C750

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188
GLF3

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189
CL60

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190

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MD81, MD82, MD83, MD87, MD88

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B731 through B739

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A320

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194
A306

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B752, B753

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196
B772, B773

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197
B721, B722, B72Q

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MD11

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199
B741 through B744

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200
C130

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201
C17

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202
F16

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203
F15

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204
F18

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205
F22

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Aircraft - Recognition Basics

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Aircraft - Recognition Basics

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Aircraft Characteristics/

Aircraft Characteristics and

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

2. Recognize selected aircraft

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

CAT III Aircraft

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

CAT I General Performance

10,000 feet and below

1,000 feet per minute or less

Weight Class: Small (S)

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

CAT II General Performance

FL240 and below

1,000-2,000 feet per minute

Weight Class: Small (S)

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

CAT III General Performance

FL450 and below

2,000-4,000 feet per minute

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Helicopters General Performance

FL200 and below

500-2,150 feet per minute

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Weight Class Definitions

Aircraft of 41,000 pounds or less

Aircraft of more than 41,000 pounds,

Aircraft capable of takeoff weights of more

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Examples of Civil Designators

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Examples of Military Designators

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Identification Features

2. Engine location and

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Engine Locations and Numbers

GLF2 on fuselage (2)

B737 under wing (2)

DC10 under wing and through tail (3)

B747 under wing (4)

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Three Basic Aircraft Engine Types

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

What is the general speed range for CAT II

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition

Horizontal Stabilizer Above Fuselage

Aircraft Characteristics and Recognition