Electronics industry

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The electronics industry, especially meaning consumer electronics, emerged in the 20th century
and has now become a global industry worth billions of dollars. Contemporary society uses all
manner of electronic devices built in automated or semi-automated factories operated by the
industry. Products are assembled from integrated circuits, principally by photolithography of
printed circuit boards.
The size of the industry and the use of toxic materials, as well as the difficulty of recycling has
led to a series of problems with electronic waste. International regulation and environmental
legislation has been developed in an attempt to address the issues.

Workers in an electronics factory in Shenzhen, China.

Contents

1 History

2 Consumer electronics

3 Effects on the environment

4 See also

5 References

6 See also

History
The electric power industry began in the 19th century and this led to the development of all
manner of inventions. Gramaphones were an early invention and this was followed by radio
transmitters and receivers and televisions. The first digital computers were built in the 1940s

with a slow development in technology and total sales. In the 1990s the personal computer
became popular. A large part of the electronics industry is now involved with digital technology.
The industry now employs large numbers of electronics engineers and electronics technicians to
design, develop, test, manufacture, install, and repair electrical and electronic equipment such as
communication equipment, medical monitoring devices, navigational equipment, and computers.

Consumer electronics
Consumer electronics are products intended for everyday use, most often in entertainment,
communications and office productivity. Radio broadcasting in the early 20th century brought
the first major consumer product, the broadcast receiver. Later products include personal
computers, telephones, MP3 players, audio equipment, televisions, calculators, GPS automotive
electronics, digital cameras and players and recorders using video media such as DVDs, VCRs or
camcorders. Increasingly these products have become based on digital technologies, and have
largely merged with the computer industry in what is increasingly referred to as the
consumerization of information technology.
The CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) estimated the value of 2007 consumer electronics
sales at US$150 billion.[1]

Effects on the environment

Electrical waste contains hazardous but also valuable and scarce materials and up to 60 elements
can be found in complex electronics.
The United States and China are the world leaders in producing electronic waste, each tossing
away about 3 million tons each year.[2] China also remains a major e-waste dumping ground for
developed countries.[2] The UNEP estimate that the amount of e-waste being produced including mobile phones and computers - could rise by as much as 500 percent over the next
decade in some developing countries, such as India.[3]
Further information: Electronic waste
Increasing environmental awareness has led to changes in electronics design to reduce or
eliminate toxic materials and to reduce energy consumption. The Restriction of Hazardous
Substances Directive (RoHS) and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE)
were released by the European Commission in 2002.