Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PUMPS
Haris Sheh Zad
Second generation:
The current pumps are rotary pumps that use blood itself as lubricant in fluid film
bearings [1]
Third Generation:
Minimizes the risk of damage of red blood cells and blood clots during operation
However
the small size, short time constants, nonlinearity, and instability from the natural heart
electrically controlled
no control system
Motivations
Advantages of magnetic bearings:
contact-free
no lubricant
(no) maintenance
low losses
Disadvantages:
complexity
Electromagnets
Sensors
Power Amplifiers
Current Source
Magnetism
north pole
magnetic
field line
south pole
iron filings
Magnetic Field
Magnetic field, H, is found round a magnet or a current carrying body
H ds i
H
i
i
2r
(for one
current loop)
B H
B = magnetic flux density
= magnetic permeability
H = magnetic field
0 r
0 = permeability of free space
r = relative permeability
multiple loops
of wire, n
ni
H
2r
Magnetic force
Two categories
-Reluctance force
Results from a difference of permeabilities between two materials
-Lorentz force
Results from the movement of charges in a magnetic field
Lorentz Force
f Q EvB
f = force
Q = electric charge
E = electric field
V = velocity of charge Q
B = magnetic flux density
Lorentz Force
Simplification:
f Q EvB
E v B
f Q vB
f Qv B
As
i Qv
f i B
force is perpendicular to flux!
Reluctance Force
Force resulting from a difference between magnetic permeabilities in
the presence of a magnetic field.
force perpendicular to surface!
The energy in a magnetic field with
linear materials is given by:
1
U BHdV
2V
U = energy
V = volume
U
l
B A
f
2
Electromagnet
Rotor
Sensor
Controller
Amplifier
Magnetic Force
1
~ 2
xs
Force
fs
Force
fm
Distance
xs
Distance
xs
f x, i ks x kii
Controller function?
- Provide force, f
Controller signals?
- Input: position, x
- Output: current, i
i = i(x)
f kx dx
k
x
ks x kii kx dx
k k s x dx
ix
i
x
ki
f x, i ks x kii
mx ks x kii
mx dx kx 0
m2 d k 0
j
t
Ce t
with
k
d2
m 4m 2
d
2m
xt Ce t cost
Eigenfrequency:
0 2 2 k m
2)
3)
4)
Sensors
Position Sensor
contact-free
Other Sensors
speed
current
flux density
temperature
other concerns:
observability
placement
cost
Amplifier
Analog Amplifier:
Switching Amplifier:
- simple structure
- low power applications
P<0.6 kVA
- lower losses
- high power applications
- remagnetization loss
di
voltage drops: u L L
dt
and u R Ri
di
u Ri L ku x
dt
ku = voltage-velocity coefficient
di
u Ri L ku x
dt
f ( x, i) ks x kii
mx f
- better stability
- low stiffness easier to realize
- voltage amplifier often more convenient
- possible to avoid using position sensor
Current Control:
- simple control plant description
natural vibrations
critical speeds
nutation
More economical in that the control system is avoided along with the electricity
for power
Economical
Earnshaws theory:
Braunbecks extension :
The stability of levitation can be maintained when these non-magnetic forces are
replaced by other non-magnetic forces
A passive magnetic levitator with high rotating speed and large rotating inertia
can maintain the levitation stably.
Compactness in design and low power loss than the conventional four- or
eight-pole AMB [2]
Source: [1]
References:
[1] Chandrasekhar Samiappan, Nasim Mirnateghi, Brad E. Paden, Fellow, IEEE, and James F. Antaki, Member, IEEE;
Maglev Apparatus for Power Minimization and Control of Artificial Hearts; IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL
SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 16, NO. 1, JANUARY 2008
[2] Sang-Hyun Park and Chong-Won Lee; Decoupled Control of a Disk-Type Rotor Equipped With a Three-Pole Hybrid
Magnetic Bearing; IEEE/ASME TRANSACTIONS ON MECHATRONICS, VOL. 15, NO. 5, OCTOBER 2010
[3] K.X. Qian , P. Zeng, W.M. Ru, H.Y. Yuan; New concepts and new design of permanent maglev rotary artificial heart
blood pumps; Medical Engineering & Physics 28 (2006) 383388
[4] Huachun Wu, Ziyan Wang and Xujun Lv ; Design and Simulation of Axial Flow Maglev Blood Pump ; I.J. Information
Engineering and Electronic Business, 2011, 2, 42-48
[5] Jeffrey Hillyard; Magnetic Bearings ;Joint Advanced Student School ;April 2006 St. Petersburg, Russia
[6] Schweitzer G; Active magnetic bearings - chances and limitations; International Centre for Magnetic Bearings, ETH
Zurich
Thank You