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Tutorial: Kinematics

Tutorial Solution
H2(9749)

Tutorial 2: Kinematics (Guide)

Discussions
1 (a)(i)

Yes. When a body is thrown vertically upwards, It is instantaneously at rest

at the top of its trajectory. It is accelerating (downwards) because
gravitational force is acting on the body.
[At the next instant, there is an increase in the bodys velocity]

(ii)

Yes. When a body is moving with constant velocity.

(iii)

Yes. When a body is slowing down during its motion implies it is

undergoing deceleration. i.e. v and a are in opp direction.

(b)

The displacement of an object measures the change in position of the

object along a straight line and is defined as the distance and direction of a
position of a point as measured from a reference position.
Hence if the car returns back to its initial position, its displacement is zero
but the total distance travelled is not zero.

(c)

Speed is a physical quantity and hence must be defined in terms of

physical quantities. The second used in the statement is the SI unit for
time. Hence the correct statement should be speed is the total distance
travelled per unit time.

3(a)
(b)

B
Graph A straight line through origin and positive gradient
Graph B horizontal line (negative value)
Graph C zero velocity (stationary)
Graph D straight line with negative gradient

4(a)
a

u
0

The initial gradient of the

s-t graph is not zero.

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Tutorial: Kinematics
4(b)

Tutorial Solution
H2(9749)

a
v

Questions : Displacement time graph

5(a)

D (Answers can be seen from a- t graphs)

(b)
x

x
t

x
t

a
t

a
t

t
t

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Tutorial: Kinematics

Tutorial Solution
H2(9749)

v is -ve for 0 s < t < 3 s , as slope of x-t graph is negative.

6(a)

v is +ve for 3 s < t 7 s , as slope of x-t graph is positive.

v is zero for t = 3 s , as slope of x-t graph is zero.
(b)

The velocity of an object at time t is obtained from the gradient of the tangent drawn at
the displacement time graph at t.

(c)

3
2

t/s
4

Questions : velocity time graph

For questions (a), (b), (c), apply the concept distance travelled is given
by the area under a velocity-time graph

(a)

105.6 m (106 m)

(b)

41.7 m

(c)

492.06 m (492 m)

8(a)(i)

A: a = (20 - 0)/10 = 2.0 m s-2 (Full workings must be shown; a = 20/10 not
acceptable)
E: a = (-5 30)/5 = - 7.0 m s-2 (Full workings must be shown; a = -35/5 not
acceptable)

(ii)

Using area under the graph

B: distance = 20 x 15 = 300 m
C: distance = (20 + 30)(10) = 250 m

(b)

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Object decelerates uniformly from 30 m s-1 to zero in about 54 s. After

which it reverses its direction of travel and accelerates to 5 m s-1 in the
opposite direction in about 1.0 s. It then travels with constant velocity of 5
m s-1 in the opposite direction to its initial direction of travel in section F.

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Tutorial: Kinematics
(c)

Tutorial Solution
H2(9749)

x/m

Distance time

Highlight that graph must be

continuous

Displacement time

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 t/s

Questions : acceleration time graph

9

Questions : Motion of object under uniform gravitational field

10 (a)

S-R

(b)

(c)

R+S

11

At time tx , a = g tx 2
At time ty , a + h = g ty 2
g tx 2 + h = g t y 2
g = 2 h / (ty 2 - tx 2)

Questions : Motion of object under uniform gravitational field and air resistance
12(a)

1.75 s or 1.80 s

(b)

The magnitude of the gradient of the tangent at the given time gives the
magnitude of the acceleration at that time.

(c)

Acceptable value of ai is 19.8 to 20.2 m s-2.

(d)

Acceptable value of av=0 is 9.5 to 10.5 m s-2.

(e)

This value is close to 9.81 m s-2 which is acceleration of free fall (

acceleration due to gravity without air resistance)

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Tutorial: Kinematics

Tutorial Solution
H2(9749)

(f)

13

14(a)(i)

Taking downwards as +ve

s y = u y t + ay t2
VR

1.20 = 0 + 9.81 t2
Vy
t = 0.495 s
(ii)

sx = ux t
1.52 = ux 0.495

(iii)

vx

ux = 3.07 m s-1

vx = ux = 3.07 m s-1
vy = uy + ay t = 0 + 9.81 (0.495) = 4.86 m s-1

(iv)

Magnitude of velocity =

3.072 4.862 5.75 m s-1

4.87
o
3.07 and 57.7 below the horizontal
57.7 o

tan

(b)

No change from (a)(i) since for both cases, the initial vertical velocity are
zero and that they both experience the same acceleration due to gravity.

15(a)

s x 96 cos 45o 67.9 m

(b)

ux

(c)

s x 96 sin45o 67.9 m

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67.9 m
15.8 m s-1
4.3 s

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Tutorial: Kinematics
15(d)

(e) (f)

Tutorial Solution
H2(9749)

1 2
at
2
1
2
67.9 u y ( 4.3) 9.814.3
2
u y 5.3 m s -1
sy uy t

Magnitude of velocity =
5.3
15.8 and
18.5 o

tan

5.32 15.82 16.7 m s-1

uy

18.5o above the horizontal

uR

UX

16

17 (a)

At the top of its trajectory, the speed of the ball is a minimum as vy = 0,

(b)

hence speed of ball = vx = 19 m s-1

(c)

sx = uy t = 19 (5) = 95 m

(d)

At time t = 0 s, u = 31 m s-1
u = ( ux 2 + uy 2 )1/2
31 = ( 19 2 + uy 2 )1/2

(e)

uy = 24.5 m s-1

Taking upwards as +ve

sy = uy t + ay t2 = 24.5 (2.5) - 9.81 (2.5)2 = 30.6 m

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