Report of the Study of Environmental

Pollution by the Karting Circuit at

Bandaragama
Operated by
David Peris Automobiles LTD.

CE5504 Environmental Pollution Control

Prepared by
Group No 4

Group 4
Members
1. P.K.D.N.C.Somaratna

Index no
139222G

2. SL.Wickramasinghe

139260U

3. CJ Ranasinghe

139218B

4. P.Ramawickrama

139217V

5. NU.Wickramanayake

139223K

6. VDW.Sumanasekara

139259B

7. KDP.Senanyaka

139221D

8. ELKC Perera

Table of Contents
1.

2.

3.

4.

Introduction............................................................................................................................. 1

1.1.

Aim and Objectives of the Study ..................................................................................... 1

1.2.

Methodology Adopted...................................................................................................... 1

1.3.

Location of the site........................................................................................................... 1

1.4.

Present situation ............................................................................................................... 3

1.5.

Nature of the business ...................................................................................................... 4

1.6.

Environmental Impacts .................................................................................................... 4

Noise impact study on Karting circuit at Bandaragama ......................................................... 5

2.1.

Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 5

2.2.

Legal framework of the karting noise .............................................................................. 5

2.3.

Noise impact due to the Goarting Circuit at Gammanpila ............................................... 5

2.3.1.

Noise Generating Sources in Karting Circuit ........................................................... 6

2.3.2.

Karting Nuisance Affected Following People around the Circuit ............................ 6

2.4.

Available Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................ 6

2.5.

Measured Nosie Levels .................................................................................................... 7

2.6.

Estimation of Noise Level at Go Karting Site.................................................................. 8

2.7.

Sri Lankan Standards of Noise Levels ............................................................................. 9

2.8.

Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 9

Air pollution related Impacts due to the go karts movements .............................................. 10

3.1.

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 10

3.2.

Major impacts due to the Gas emission ......................................................................... 10

3.3.

Mitigotory Measures and recommendations .................................................................. 10

Study on Solid Waste management at Karting circuit .......................................................... 12

4.1.

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 12

4.2.

Actual Waste generation ................................................................................................ 12

4.2.1.

Methodology ........................................................................................................... 12

4.2.2.

Calculation of waste generation of the month ........................................................ 13

4.3.

Weaknesses .................................................................................................................... 14

4.4.

Other solid waste............................................................................................................ 14

4.5.

Mitigotory Measures ...................................................................................................... 15

ii

5.

6.

Study of water pollution in carting circuit ............................................................................ 16

5.1.

Back Ground .................................................................................................................. 16

5.2.

Water pollution............................................................................................................... 17

5.2.1.

Surface Water Pollution.......................................................................................... 17

5.2.2.

Way of Pollution ..................................................................................................... 17

5.3.

Methodology of testing the contamination levels of water and plants........................... 21

5.4.

Sampling locations ......................................................................................................... 21

5.5.

Test Results & Discussion.............................................................................................. 22

5.6.

Impacts of Pollution ....................................................................................................... 22

5.7.

Mitigatory measures....................................................................................................... 24

Visual Pollution study on Karting circuit at Bandaragama .................................................. 25

6.1.

Introduction .................................................................................................................... 25

6.2.

Sources of Visual Pollution............................................................................................ 25

6.3.

Mitigation ....................................................................................................................... 26

List of Figures
Figure 1 Location Map Source: Google image (22.01 2013)......................................................... 2
Figure 2 Site location covered with the rubber plants in 2004 Source: Google image 01.01.2004 3
Figure 3 Change of the land use after the establish of the karting track......................................... 3
Figure 4 Locations of the Nosie measurements were obtain during operation (Source: Data
recorded by the David Peris motor company)................................................................................ 7
Figure 5 Types of waste observed ................................................................................................ 12
Figure 6 Close water bodies to the karting circuit. ....................................................................... 16
Figure 7 Used tyres use for the safety and noise barrier............................................................... 17
Figure 8 Go Kart Service and parking area. ................................................................................. 18
Figure 9 Observed Iron corrosion patches on the paved surface .................................................. 20
Figure 10 Locations of the water sampling................................................................................... 21
Figure 11 Drainage flow directions .............................................................................................. 23
Figure 12 Visual pollution sources observed................................................................................ 26

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List of Tables
Table 1 Methods Adopted for the study ......................................................................................... 1
Table 2 List of Pollutant and Pollution ........................................................................................... 4
Table 3 Measured noise level in the each location for two stroke and four stroke karts................ 8
Table 4 Day time and Night time levels for different areas (CEA standards) ................................ 9
Table 5 Type and sources of the pollutant generating through emission ..................................... 10
Table 6 Waste types found in the go karting circuit ..................................................................... 12
Table 7 Actual waste generation of the kart yard (data from the cleaning staff and site inspection)
....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Table 8 Type of water pollutant and their sources........................................................................ 17
Table 9 Composition of tyre ......................................................................................................... 18
Table 10 Tabulated Test Results................................................................................................... 22
Table 11 Government regulations for discharge to the surface water .......................................... 22

iv

1. Introduction
1.1. Aim and Objectives of the Study
It was expected to conduct a study on Newly Constructed Sri Lanka Karting Circuit, owned by the
David Peris Motor Company at Bandaragama with the following objectives:
1. To identify the types of pollutants and their occurrence
2. To quantify each pollutant in terms concentration and intensity
3. To assess the possible environmental impacts
4. To propose mitigation of impacts, relevant monitoring and beatification of the site

1.2. Methodology Adopted

Depends on the nature of the study, available time frame and available information following
methodologies were adopted to quantification.
Table 1 Methods Adopted for the study
Method
1) Interviewing staff at Go Karting Circuit

Effectiveness

Very supportive

Highly useful

2) official data recorded by the David Peris motor

Very supportive

company

Highly useful

3) Interviewing of stakeholders ( 10 persons of

Useful

4) Web references

Highly useful

5) actual measurements ( water sampling)

Highly useful

randomly selected)

1.3. Location of the site

Administrative
Sri Lankas Karting Circuit is established in private land owned by David Peris Automobiles
Limited located in the vicinity of Walgama junction of Bandaragama divisional secretariat and
within the limits of the Bandaragama Pradeshiya Shaba in Kalutara district.

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Environmental
The location has a very high environmental sensitivity in terms of physical, ecological and social
parameters. The Karting circuit is located in averagely higher elevation surrounded by paddy field
and very close to the Gammanpila tank within the catchment of the Gammanpila tank directly and
close to other two tanks call kudu wewa and Aluthgama wewa. This gammanapila tank itself is
spreader over 18 of acres land and about 200 of paddy acres can be harvested from this tank.

Figure 1 Location Map Source: Google image (22.01 2013)

This Karting circuit land is originally a rubber plantation refer the figure 2 below and further
surrounding area now been populated with both residence and industrial establishments.

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Figure 2 Site location covered with the rubber plants in 2004 Source: Google image 01.01.2004

1.4. Present situation

Presently the land use has changed from the rubber plantation to

Circuit comprises paved 800-metre racing track

Buildings for parking, servicing of the Karts

Pavilions for spectators (150 seat capacity)

Administrative buildings

Figure below shows the clear picture of the currently how the land use patent has changed.

Figure 3 Change of the land use after the establish of the karting track
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1.5. Nature of the business

David Peris Automobiles Ltd. is a subsidiary of David Peris Group of Companies, who owns and
operates this largest go-kart circuit in Sri Lanka. The circuit comprises paved 800-metre racing
track including 571-metre adult rental track and 171-metre kiddies rental track, designed and built
to international specifications. This Karting Circuit provides the opportunity for karting enthusiasts
to experience professional motorsports with the facility to practise and race as much as they want.
The maximum engine capacity of the karts been used in this within this circuit is 200 cc gasoline
engine and there are maximum no of 13 karts is been operated at a time.

1.6. Environmental Impacts

Identified major environmental impact at the operation of the karting circuit is mentioned below
and descriptively elaborated in the below chapters of the report.
Table 2 List of Pollutant and Pollution
POLLUTANT
POLLUTION
NOISE

Noise

GAS EMISSION

Air

SOLID WASTE

Air/ground

water/Surface

water
WASTE WATER

Air/ground

water/Surface

water
ADVERTISING BOARDS

Visual

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2. Noise impact study on Karting circuit at Bandaragama

2.1. Introduction
Noise Pollution or Environmental Noise relates to ambient sound levels beyond comfort levels
having direct as well as indirect health effects, whereas night-time effects can differ significantly
from daytime impacts. The main sources of environmental noise to be mentioned at present are
noise from construction and road traffic, i.e. motor vehicles, aircrafts, railways. Nowadays, noise
pollution is a common environmental problem.

2.2. Legal framework of the karting noise

Nearly all legal action in respect of karting noise is founded in the law of nuisance. Although
the law dates back many hundreds of years but it hinges on one fundamental idea which states that
all landowners should be able to do as they wish with their land unless something escapes which
causes unreasonable and serious nuisance to another person or their land. In the context of Karting
the escape is noise. There are two basic types of nuisance law which applies to karting. They
are:
1) Private nuisance - where individual people bring legal actions against a track or operator
2) Public nuisance - where local authority decides that the track is creating a Statutory
Nuisance and as a result issues a Noise Abatement Notice
Both types of legal action are founded on similar legal principles - the key point being that the
noise unreasonably interferes with a person or persons ability to enjoy their property.

2.3. Noise impact due to the Goarting Circuit at Gammanpila

Tracks which have been traditionally located in rural or semi-rural areas because of the scarcity of
population, however with new urban development, now find themselves with housing
developments taking place on their very boundaries. Tracks near urban areas find that people are
not as tolerant as they used to be. Sri Lankan first karting circuit was established at Maithree
Mawatha, Walgama, Gammanpila within the Bandaragama Pradeshiya Sabha in Kaluthara
District. Karting circuit at Gammanpila is operated by David Pieris Automobiles Ltd. The total
land area is about five acres which is boundary of the karting circuit is retaining wall and boundary
fence. Area is surrounded by residential and foam mattress manufacturing factory. The land
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presently utilize go karting circuit, vehicle service center and restaurant and swimming fool will
constructed northern side of the premises.
In go karting circuit operates two stroke and four stroke go kart in the one racing round. Maximum
ten go Kart running one race and normally generate 80dB sound pressure per one kart. Take 10
minutes per one race and 10 go kart operates. Noise transportation is depending on wind pattern
and atmospheric humidity.
2.3.1. Noise Generating Sources in Karting Circuit

Two stroke-go kart

Four stroke-four go kart

Speakers and loudspeakers

Background Music

2.3.2. Karting Nuisance Affected Following People around the Circuit

Workers

Residents of the vicinity

Visitors

Animals (birds, mammals etc.)

2.4. Available Mitigation Measures

1) Empty tire barrier
It helps to sound barrier also act as a safety instrument
2) Boundary (Retaining) wall metal mesh fence
It is a noise barrier to the residence. Covering noise, movement through the walls.

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2.5. Measured Nosie Levels

Actual Measurement were obtained by the David Peris Auto Mobiles while operating the
Karting is referred for the study.

Figure 4 Locations of the Nosie measurements were obtain during operation (Source: Data
recorded by the David Peris motor company)

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Table 3 Measured noise level in the each location for two stroke and four stroke karts
Location

Noise

Maximum

Likely Main

Level

Nois Level

Sources

Leq(db)

L amax

Two Stroke Go Karts 2013.2.22

Mechanical station-H

54

67

Two stroke go Kart

By the side of Karting circuit B

55

72

Two stroke go Kart

55

68

Four stroke four go

Four Stroke Go Karts 2013.2.22

Mechanical station H

Karts
By the side of Karting circuit B

47

57

Four stroke four go

Karts

By the side of Karting circuit I

54

65

Four stroke four go

Karts

Four Stroke Go Karts 2013.3. 2

By the side of Karting circuit A

67

78

Four stroke nine go

Karts

By the side of Karting circuit J

65

82

Four stroke nine go

Karts

By the side of Karting circuit D

67

83

Four stroke nine go

Karts

2.6. Estimation of Noise Level at Go Karting Site

o 13 nos. of Kart at a time of a race
o 10 race per day operation for 8 hrs.
o Average speed of a kart 45km/h
o Minimum distance from the track to the boundary 10m
o Boundary wall absorption of the noise 10dB
Using mathematical model
Noise Level (NL) = 52+8.4*log(N/CT)+3.6*log(15/d)
Where,
NL = Predicted noise level in dB.A
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N = Number of vehicles passing both directions per given time T (hrs)

C = Average speed of vehicles in km/hr
T = measurement time interval in hrs
d = shortest distance between vehicular movement and receiver in km
Estimated noise levels at go-Karting centre is as follows

Noise Level = 67.30 dB

Less 10 dB for the parapet wall

Noise Level = 57.30 dB

Which is Marginal increase of the CEA regulation.

2.7. Sri Lankan Standards of Noise Levels

There are no any standards for karting in Sri Lanka, but there are some regulations gazetted by the
National Environment Act under the Ministry of Environment. According to those regulations
maximum permissible Noise levels at boundaries in LAeq, T, for industrial activities are as follows.
Table 4 Day time and Night time levels for different areas (CEA standards)
Area
L Aeq, T (dB)
Day time

Night time

Rural residential area

55

45

Urban residential area

60

50

Noise sensitive area

50

45

Mixed residential area

63

55

Commercial area

65

55

Industrial area

70

60

2.8. Recommendations
Following Noise reduction methods are proposed to control exiting the noise level at the go Karting
yard.
Proposed mitigating measures
1) Visitor theatre and service pack should be covered by a transparent polymer barrier
2) Boundary wall (Retaining Wall) should build higher than present height
3) The empty tire layer should be increased without barrier visibility and filled with sand
4) All go kart should be equipped with noise attenuating exhaust muffler silencers
5) Sound absorbing plants should be planted along the boundary to reduce noise levels
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3. Air pollution related Impacts due to the go karts movements

3.1. Introduction
Expected one of the main pollution from Go Karting track is automobile emission. . Emission can
be mainly due to the vehicular emissions as well as emissions from the solid waste. Table below
shows the type and sources of the pollutant generating from the go carting circuit.
Table 5 Type and sources of the pollutant generating through emission
Sources

Pollutant

Vehicle emissions

CO,CO2, NO2,NO,Particulate matters <PM 2.5 PM 10

Solid waste

CH4, H2S, odor

3.2. Major impacts due to the Gas emission

Effects for the human respiratory system

Potential petrol odor comes due to incomplete combustion

NOx causes acid rain

Carbon monoxide, NOx cause Ozone depletion

Though there are major impacts due to the vehicular emission of the operation of go karts there
are no regulations and desired set limits for the racing vehicles in Sri Lanka. All the operational
go kart are made of motorbike engines and capacity less than 200 cc.

3.3. Mitigotory Measures and recommendations

Continuous monitoring and reporting of air quality data at the site is very important and that can
be used to take decision to improve the site situation. In addition, following measures can be
recommended for mitigation of air pollution at the site.

Prompting Electric rechargeable Go Karts with zero emission

Vegetation barrier

Planning of race schedules and number of go-karts racing simultaneously

Modifying go-kart exhausts by fixing catalytic converter.

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Proper maintenance of the Go karts and emission test where necessary at least for the
emission regulations of motor bikes in Sri Lanka is suggested.

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4. Study on Solid Waste management at Karting circuit

4.1. Introduction
Mainly go-Kart yard has generated Biodegradable waste (Food, Kitchen waste, green waste) and
Recycle waste materials (paper, glass, bottles, cans, metals, plastics).
Table 6 Waste types found in the go karting circuit
Waste Category

Items

Biodegradable waste

Food waste, paper waste, green waste

Recycle waste

Tire waste, Iron, polyethylene, polypropylene, some plastic

waste, tins, glass, and cigarette buts

Composite waste

Plastics waste

Figure 5 Types of waste observed

4.2. Actual Waste generation

4.2.1. Methodology
Site survey and data collection (December 2014)
Generally collected the solid waste collecting data in 04 times per month. According to that 02
times in racing days and 2 times in normal days collected each and every dustbins after the day
ends (with cleaning staff). Performed the site survey based on the information given by the staff
for further calculations.

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4.2.2. Calculation of waste generation of the month

Assumptions
1. 04 kart races are functioning every month
2. Same Avg. Waste quantity has been generated in 04 racing days
3. Same Avg. Waste quantity has been generated in normal days of the month
Quantification
Avg. Waste generation during racing days of the month = {(Dec Avg, West Gen) + (Jan Avg,
West Gen) + Feb Avg, West Gen)} /3
Avg. Waste generation during normal days of the month = {(Dec Avg, West Gen) + (Jan Avg,
West Gen) + Feb Avg, West Gen)} /3
Avg. Total waste generation of a month = {Avg. Waste generation during racing days of the
month + Avg. Waste generation during normal days of the month}
Table 7 Actual waste generation of the kart yard (data from the cleaning staff and site inspection)
Debris item
December 2013
Biodegradable waste

20

25

Recycle waste

12.2

10.1

Inert waste

Composite waste

8.4

9.1

44.2

Domestic Hazards waste & toxic X

waste
Total waste generation

40.6

Quantity of waste
Calculation of Waste Generation
December average waste generation
{4(40.6+44.2)/2} + {(6+5) /2}*27
Avg. Monthly waste generation

= 318 Kg
= 460 Kg

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4.3. Weaknesses

Not seen any advance waste collection method no source separation

No any separation techniques been used

They handed over the solid waste to third parties for incineration

Most of the tires (safety and sound absorbents) can be seen iron bands. In addition to that,
many iron structures are decayed (iron corrosion)

Tire waste consists of rubber dust with Sulphur (S). Average tire waste per day = 03Kg

Sound barriers and safety tires mainly consist of rubber with cross link bond with sulphur,
in addition to that it inside has contain iron rings, that iron rings are directly exposed to
the atmosphere and react with ATM Oxygen and water vapour

Not only that, but also other iron structures also decayed under the reaction of ATM O2
and H2O (Iron Oxidation)

Other rubber waste is spread as tiny particles, those tiny particles are temporally staying
on the runner way, the runner way cleaners are collected more than 3Kg of tire waste each
and every day.

During the rainy seasons, this tiny rubber particles and oxidized iron (Fe2+/Fe3+
compounds) are fully filled in the manholes with rain water due to surface runoff.

At the same time, the rain water (pH 5.6 = weak acid) also reacts with iron structures and
iron rings of the safety tires. The rainwater can be oxidized in the metal iron (Iron
corrosion)

Both phenomenas (Iron oxidation, iron corrosion) are accelerated to concentrate huge
amount of Iron (Fe2+/Fe3+) in a manhole. Finally, those metallic wastes are released to an
anthropogenic pond, without any treatment, it released to the natural environment.

4.4. Other solid waste

The site has not any proper methods for solid waste management. Many of solid waste miss
management activities can be seen.

It can be the cause of the beauty of the yard. It can also affect to the industry (Visitors
arrival)

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4.5. Mitigotory Measures

Reduce waste generation as appropriate

Introduce proper Separation, Storage and Processing at the source

Collection of waste

Final Disposal techniques

Implementation of 3R Principles

References
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka National Environmental Act No. 47 of 1980,
incorporating Amendment Act No. 56 of 1988 (CEA consolidated reference copy)
Free University of Amsterdam (NL), Dienst VEB, January 1999 M. Arts, G. Beernink, C.
Evenhuis, J. Grant, F. Henriquez, L. Van Hulst, A. Kreleger, E. Krijger, K. Ooteman, H. van den
Os, M. Stomp, M. Zeeman, L. Van Zon Wetenschapswinkel report no. 9901.
A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the German and Dutch Government policies on
packaging waste http://environmental.

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5. Study of water pollution in carting circuit

5.1. Back Ground
This go cart complex is situated between Bandaragam and Piliyandara area which is surround by
several water logging areas. The land belongs to this complex is in high elevated area and has a
natural slope towards paddy fields and natural lake which is very near to the site. Type of the soil
of the area is mixed soil and it is silt and clay in the vicinity.
The land use pattern of this area is mostly rubber cultivation and paddy. Rubber cultivation was in
this land prior to the construction of this complex. After the construction of cart tracks, most of
the land is carpeted and concreted. Therefore water seepage is not occurred properly into the
ground in the cart track area. All the contaminants produced from the result of the activities of the
go-Kart complex will add with rain water which flow on the hard surface to the main drainage
systems, leading to the storm water stabilization pond.
Kart service area of the same complex is in the next land which not included in the project scope
whose effluent water is treated from separate waste water treatment plant and discharged the
treated water to the same stabilization pond.
Paddy fields, lake and other water logging areas are about 50 meters away from stabilization pond
which in low elevated area.

Figure 6 Close water bodies to the karting circuit.

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5.2. Water pollution

This can be occurred by two different ways which are surface water pollution and ground water
pollution which are highly correlated with each other.
5.2.1. Surface Water Pollution
Table 8 Type of water pollutant and their sources.
Source

Pollutant

Tyre waste

Sulfer, Carban Black

Grees Oil and Fuel Waste

PAH, etc

Detergents

Sodium Zeolite

Dust

Particulate Matters

Vehicle Emissions

NO2, NO

Solid Waste

Leachate

Sewerage

E-coliforms

Iron Corrosion

Fe2O3

5.2.2. Way of Pollution

1. Tyre waste

Figure 7 Used tyres use for the safety and noise barrier
The materials of modern pneumatic tires are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric and
metal wire, along with carbon black and other chemical compounds. They consist of a tread
and a body.
Tyres used for Pro carts are wasted and decayed due to speed and friction that will generate
Corban black, Sulphur and various particulars matters, which is deposited on the cart track.
Surface runoff will accumulate all the matters to the drainage system and end up in the
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stabilization pond. Therefore high quantities of Carbon black and Sulphur can be found in
the water and sediment of the stabilization pond. These contaminants penetrate through the
unsaturated zone to saturate zone and add with existing water table which will contaminate
water sources in the vicinity.
Table 9 Composition of tyre
Rubber(Natural Synthetic)

38%

Filter(Carbon Black,Silica,Carbon Chalk)

30%

Reinforcing Material(Steel)

16%

Plasticisers(oils and resins)

10%

Chemical for vulcanizing(Sulphur,Zinc Oxide)

4%

Chemical as antioxidants counter ozone effects and 1%

material fatigue
Miscellanious

1%

2. Grease, oil and fuel spills

Various oil types are used daily maintenance of the Karts and their day to day services.
Specially, Engine oil, break oil, power steering oil and fuel (Octane 95) is used for the cars.
Engine oils are derived from petroleum-based and non-petroleum-synthesized chemical
compounds. When loading of engine oil or other type oils, spills will happen and that will
add with the water paths and end up in the stabilization pond. Therefore this process will
add PAH, Hazardous waste materials, heavy materials which will contaminate water table.

Figure 8 Go Kart Service and parking area.

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3. Detergents
Detergents are organic compounds.There are two kinds of detergents with different
characteristics: phosphate detergents and surfactant detergents. Detergents that contain
phosphates are highly caustic, and surfactant detergents are very toxic. The differences are
that surfactant detergents are used to enhance the wetting, foaming, dispersing and
emulsifying properties of detergents. Phosphate detergents are used in detergents to soften
hard water and help suspend dirt in water.
Detergents are regularly used for cleaning of cars and that will add with surface water run
off add to the storm water collecting ponds.
4. Dust
Particulate matters will be produce by accelerating and decelerating of the speed which
make friction and produce dust that will dispersed with air and deposited on the water body.
This will increase particulate matter concentration of the nearby water body.
5. Vehicle emissions
NO2 NO will be produced from the vehicle emissions from the go carts and increase
concentration levels of NO2, NO which will added to the air. Also Pb,heavy metals can be
emitted from the vehicle emissions which also add with the atmosphere. All these
contaminants will be deposited on the nearby water bodies according to their weight and
size of the particles.
6. Solid Waste
Solid waste is produced from shops, visitors foods and containers and staff consumables
in the go cart complex. This solid waste is transported by the Bandaragama Pradeshiya
Saba . Storage period for some of the bio degradable solid waste is a factor to generate
leachate which will add with storm water.
7. Sewerage
Sewer waste is collected to the underground septic tank which will add with ground water
that can be minor effect (E-Coli) on surface water sources.

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8. Fe2O3 concentration
Fe2O3 produce due to corrosion of ion parts like chamber covers, based plate of columns of
visitors gallery and nut and bolts used for tyre barriers is diluted with surface water
deposited in the stabilization pond as Fe(OH)3

Figure 9 Observed Iron corrosion patches on the paved surface

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5.3. Methodology of testing the contamination levels of water and plants.

Following parameters has to be checked for analysis of effluent quality.
1. Chemical and bacteriological Water quality of the sample from drain before addition to
the stabilization pond
2. Chemical and bacteriological Water quality of treated water sample from waste water
treatment plant Discharge point
3. Chemical and bacteriological Water quality of the water sample of stabilization tank
4. chemical and bacteriological water quality for Lake and well water samples
5. Plant cells should be checked in the lake and paddy field
Initially, TDS,TSS, Fe, SO42- was checked for getting basic idea of water quality of effluents and
two water samples were taken and location of sampling is shown in the below figure.

5.4. Sampling locations

Sample 1

Sample 2

Figure 10 Locations of the water sampling

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5.5. Test Results & Discussion

Table 10 Tabulated Test Results
Sample location
TSS

TDS

SO42-

Fe

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

(mg/l)

Tolerance Limits

50

1100

2.0

3.0

POND 01 (Sample no 01)

82

0.015

POND 02 (Sample no 01)

24.5

107

(sample test was done in Env.Eng Lab, University of Moratuwa)

Table 11 Government regulations for discharge to the surface water

TSS,TDS, SO42- and Fe Values

of both sample points < Tolerance limit values
According to the tolerance limits for the discharge of industrial waste into Inland surface waters
published by CEA in the Gazette, test parameters are within the standard limits and that will
indicate Physical & chemical quality of waste water. Therefore, by considering the results of above
water quality parameters, effluent water quality is moderately acceptable to discharge. But slight
impacts or long term impacts can be propagated.

5.6. Impacts of Pollution

Most of the above contaminants are transported by surface runoff to the stabilization pond through
the existing drains.
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Gamanpila
Tank

Stabilization
pond

Figure 11 Drainage flow directions

Particulars matters from dust, NO2, NO from vehicle emissions, Sulphur and Carbon Black
particles can be transported through wind and deposited on the nearby water sources like lakes,
water logging areas and wells . Therefore, following impacts can be happened slightly or long
term;
1. Increase the concentration of particulate matters will deplete O2 level of the water logging
areas which results destruction of aquatic habitats.
2. Contaminate nearby water sources (Drinking water) by penetration of contaminants through
the soil strata in to the water table from stabilization pond.
3. High algal growth of the water logging area in the vicinity.
4. Contamination of the paddy cultivation
5. Waste water treatment plant is not functioned properly (without adding chemicals)

for

effluent water coming from service station. Discharged water after treatment will add to the
stabilization pond. Therefore high contamination of heavy metals, grease, oil, fuel can be
presence in the settling pond which will contribute to increase the contamination level in
the settling tank and penetrate through the soiling to ground water
6. Carbon black and rubber particles is not soluble, and when released into water it is expected
to eventually settle into sediments. Carbon black is resistant to biodegradation; it is therefore
persistent in the environment.

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5.7. Mitigatory measures

1. Oil and grease traps before collected to the stabilization pond
2. Vacuum cleaner should be used to clean roads for collection of sulfer,dust and carbon black
and any particulate matter on the track.
3. Vehicle emission test should be done in every three months and monitor the vehicle
condition for using
4. Surrounding the cart track, vegetation cover should be grown on the wall and the PVC
coated nets to protect the dispersing of dust.
5. Oil, grease and fuel spills can be minimized by the maintenance crew with good preventive
maintenance plan
6. Daily monitor the vehicle conditions like fuel and oil leakages
7. Solid waste should be store properly and transport in correct time without allowing for
leachate productions
8. Waste water treatment plant should be functioned properly with proper chemical dosing
and monitoring of discharge
9. Sediment removal from stabilization pond periodically
10. Introduce PRB system after stabilization pond for secondary treatment with efficient and
ease manner

References

http://www.universe-projects.com/technologies/tire-recycling/what-are-tyres-made-of/

http://www.ec.gc.ca/ese-ees/default.asp?lang=En&n=2cf34283-1

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6. Visual Pollution study on Karting circuit at Bandaragama

6.1. Introduction
Visual pollution is an aesthetic issue and refers to the impacts of pollution that impair one's ability
to enjoy a vista or view.
Visual pollution disturbs the visual areas of people by creating negative changes in the natural
environment. Billboards, open storage of trash, space debris, telephone towers, electric wires,
buildings and automobiles are forms of visual pollution. An overcrowding of an area causes visual
pollution. Visual pollution is defined as the whole of irregular formations, which are mostly found
in natural and built environments
Visual pollution means contaminating the atmosphere through extra ordinary visuals. It can be
through posters, bill boards, brochures, pamphlets, flyers and bill boards not only of
advertisements but also of television shows. Every institute or organization is busy in making
money through commercials and for this sake every road sides are filled with catchy big bill
boards. These advertisements help in promoting business but they are a big stumbling block in the
environment.
Among adverse impacts of displaying posters, banners at unusual places are visual pollution
obscuring scenic views and a fall in prestige of the area with their bright colours. Also Billboards
and hoardings have long being accused of being destructive to drivers and causing accidents since
sings with bright colours and eye-grabbing pictures may cause drivers to look away from the road
during a crucial moment many vehicles and visiters have been damaged and injured when
hoardings crashed down on them.

6.2. Sources of Visual Pollution

Billboards
Open storage of trash
Space debris
Telephone towers
Electric wires
Building and automobiles are forms visual pollution

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Effect of exposure to visual pollution

Distraction
Eye fatigue accidents
Decreases in opinion diversity
Loss of identity

Figure 12 Visual pollution sources observed

6.3. Mitigation

Reduce the no of posters and banners in one place all together

Protect trees and natural resources element of the go Karting yards which should not hang
banners and posters attached in accordance with rules.

Replanting trees at boundaries of the yard and to look greener

Display banner and poster inside the go Kart yard and should prevent display outside area

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