Professional Documents
Culture Documents
November/December 2005
Elitism
(Reprinted from The Roots of Reconstruction [Vallecito, CA: Ross House Books, 1991], 298-302).
T he appeal to
patriotism seems
almost ubiquitous. We
To pray “God Bless America” today,
however, begs the question “why”? Ex-
actly what about America do we ask God
demanded. When confronted with a
choice of obedience to Christ’s commis-
sion or the demands of civil magistrates,
even have an expression to bless? Is it America’s entertainment Peter and the apostles responded, “We
to describe the abuse of culture, educational system, court sys- ought to obey God rather than men”
the patriotic sentiment. tem, political, economic or diplomatic (Ac. 5:29). The loyalty of the Christian
“Wrapping yourself in the flag” is to a policies which deserve God’s blessing? to his country or his government is al-
political argument what “claiming the Ought not we first to cry the prayer, ways subject to his faithfulness to God’s
moral high ground” is to an ethical issue. “God be merciful to America”? We law and government.
It implies that opposition to anything of cannot expect God’s blessing on America
the nation is less patriotic, even disloyal. Why Pray for Civil Magistrates?
without acknowledging its deviation
Criticism of one’s country is not Paul exhorted the young minister
from faithfulness to Him. If repentance
necessarily unpatriotic. Only God is be- Timothy to pray for all civil authorities,
does not come before blessing, judgment “that we may lead a quiet and peaceable
yond criticism. If we believe in sin, then likely will.
we must expose it even on a national life in all godliness and honesty. For this
Patriotism refers to a love of one’s is good and acceptable in the sight of
level. Patriotism shouldn’t be a blind home, land, and people. The word
love of country that accepts evil. Christ God our Savior...” (1 Tim. 2:2-3). This
comes from the Greek patrios, of one’s represents the limited nature of what the
exposed hypocrisy and false religion in
father. To be patriotic is as natural and Christian seeks from his government.
the religious establishment of His day
godly as to love one’s father, one’s very The desire to “lead a peaceable life”
and twice drove from God’s temple those
origin. But unquestioning patriotism implies protection from evildoers within
who violated its sanctity. Paul pro-
becomes idolatrous. All of our loyalties and without. It is reflected in the U. S.
nounced a curse on those in the church
must be governed by the higher standard Constitution’s aim to “insure domestic
who perverted the gospel, citing a higher
of faithfulness to God. The instruction tranquility” and “provide for the com-
standard, “For do I now persuade men,
of the law and the prophets in the Old mon defense.”
or God? Or do I seek to please men? For
if I yet pleased men, I should not be the Testament was always focused on the To live in “godliness and honesty”
servant of Christ” (Gal. 1:10). personal requirement to covenant faith- was a desire to be left alone to serve God
fulness, never to blind loyalty to the king in faithfulness. The freedom from gov-
God Bless America as the representative of the nation. Much ernment intrusion that the U. S. Con-
“God Bless America” is, both as a of the work of the prophets, in fact, was stitution sought to codify was a similar
slogan and a song, problematic for the critical of the kings of Israel and Judah desire to live in “godliness and honesty”
Christian patriot. It goes beyond the for their failures, their sins that invited but was then, thanks to the progression
expression of love and pride in America; the judgment of God. The prophets, out of Christian liberty in the West, no lon-
it is a prayer to the Creator and Judge of concern for the people and the nation, ger a freedom from the law, but under it.
of all. Certainly, God has blessed the never hesitated to point out the sin of The Constitution’s purpose was not just
United States of America. Its founding is either. that the people of the United States be
unique in human and Christian history, Christ also taught a limited obedi- left alone but that their form of govern-
and it represents the high-water mark of ence to the civil magistrate: “Render ment itself would “establish justice” and
human liberty and the defeat of absolut- to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, “secure the blessings of liberty to our-
ist monarchies in the West, an important and to God the things that are God’s” selves and our posterity.” Paul’s prayer
milestone for the furthering of God’s (Mk.12:17). Our Lord did not re- was, in effect, codified in the preamble
Kingdom. quire us to give the state everything it to the U. S. Constitution.
While the liberals may view belief in the conspiracy view of history as absurd,
or even as a sign of membership in the “lunatic fringe,” the orthodox Christian
must assert it to be basic to the philosophy of history.1
I n 1965, R. J. Rush-
doony moved his
family from Palo Alto,
saying for half a century by 1965, that
the results of government intervention
into the economy are the opposite of
tive political opinion at the University of
California, Riverside, in 1960.
Nisbet had written one book, The
California, to the San what the interventionists promised that Quest for Community, in 1953. In 1954,
Fernando Valley. He their programs would achieve. he became the Dean of the College at
had been working for Mises had made this judgment UCR, the year it opened. Thus, Pod-
two years on a research grant from the based on a rigorous application of horetz and Kristol lifted Nisbet out of
Center for American Studies, which was economic theory. Authors in The Public academic obscurity and opened the door
in the process of being dissolved. Interest kept economic theory in the for him to become one of the leading
That same year, he started what background. They reported on the intellectuals in American conservatism
became Chalcedon, operating under the empirical results of the government’s by 1970. As editor of Basic Books,
legal umbrella of Walter Knott’s non- welfare programs. These programs, if Kristol published Nisbet’s book, The So-
profit foundation. He began publishing not total failures, at least were producing ciological Tradition, in 1966. It became
a monthly newsletter, which became the highly negative side effects. Of course, an instant classic — a rare event in book
Chalcedon Report. None of this attracted there is no such thing as a side effect, as publishing.
any attention by the media. biologist Garett Hardin once remarked. Nisbet had the intelligence, the lit-
At the other end of the country There are only effects, some of which erary skills, and the perspective in 1953.
in 1965, two momentous events took people do not like. These unpleasant But he had no market. Beginning in
place. First, Norman Podhoretz, editor effects are then called side effects. 1965, he gained access to a large market.
of Commentary, the publication of the What was remarkable at the time As he told me in the late 1960s, “I be-
American Jewish Committee, began a and also in retrospect is the fact that in came one of their in-house sociologists.
major shift of editorial policy. What had 1965 there were academic authors who Jews buy a lot of books.” Yet this does
been a standard though highly literate were willing to break with the prevailing not explain the existence of that market
journal of conventional political liberal liberal opinion. This was in the heyday after 1964. It had not existed in 1963.
opinion began a metamorphosis into of the Great Society, when Johnson Something changed in 1965. Many
a much more skeptical publication. was able to pass more welfare legisla- things changed, seemingly overnight. A
Podhoretz and his friends steadily lost tion than any president since Franklin new liberalism arrived, which developed
confidence in Lyndon Johnson’s Great Roosevelt during his first term. Yet these into the Vietnam student protest move-
Society. authors sent in their footnoted articles, ment and the domestic counterculture,
indicating that they had either been commonly known as the hippie move-
Second, also in New York City, Pod- closet conservatives for many years or ment. The counterculture was opposed
horetz’s friend Irving Kristol launched else they had experienced a paradigm by all conservatives, but also by the
The Public Interest, a quarterly scholarly shift, along with Podhoretz and Kristol. fledgling neoconservatives. We can eas-
journal. This journal became the pri- In the case of sociologist-historian ily date the arrival of this new liberalism:
mary intellectual outlet for what became Robert Nisbet, there had been no para- the student protest movement at the
known as neoconservatism. Under digm shift. He had been a conservative University of California, Berkeley, in the
Kristol’s editorial leadership, this journal for well over a decade, a conservative of fall of 1964. It caught the older liberal-
began to publish articles by professors the Russell Kirk variety. It was Nisbet ism completely by surprise. By 1968,
at some of America’s finest universities. who first introduced me to Kirk in 1960. it had confirmed the old adage, “The
What was unique after 1965 was their I was one of two undergraduates invited Revolution is eaten by its children.” To
willingness to analyze the actual results to lunch by Nisbet, where Kirk also which anti-revolutionary conservatives
of the growing welfare state. They had been invited. Approximately two have always responded: “But not soon
found, as Ludwig von Mises had been students were the sum total of conserva- enough.”
I n one of my talks at
Chalcedon’s re-
cent 40th Anniversary
gratuitously identify itself with Malachi’s
storehouse to avoid the implications of
Neh. 10:38. But even if Christians did
catastrophically under the reign of Ze-
dekiah. The reconstruction, particularly
among the populace, had no abiding
Conference in Georgia, tithe, the Church’s misallocation of the root. It’s as if the cultural flip-side to
I alluded to a question tithe would completely undermine that “unless your righteousness exceeds that
from a Bay Area atheist fact, fostering ecclesiastical bloat. If God of the Scribes and the Pharisees…” is
group during a telephone interview the asserts He is robbed when individuals “unless your reconstruction exceeds that
month before. The atheists were curious withhold the full tithe, will He hold of King Josiah…” But make no mistake:
how I would measure the success of churches blameless that misapply 90% if we, today, were enjoying even a fifth
Christian Reconstruction. From their re- of the collected tithe? Judgment begins of the progress that Josiah’s cultural pile-
action to my answers, I’d guess that they at the house of God. We’d expect that driver had achieved, many Christians
expected me to wax enthusiastic over the He will prosper, not the ecclesiocentric would see that as a miraculous, world-
supposed impact of the Christian Right churches, but the basiliocentric (King- wide success. So we must continually
on national politics and on the Repub- dom-centered) churches. remind ourselves that “these things hap-
lican Party. They expected me to couch In short, when every Christian puts pened to them for ensamples: and they
my reply in statist terms (a framework his money where his preachy mouth is, are written for our admonition” (I Cor.
they appear to find both intelligible and and churches trust God and obey the 10:11). Only unshakeable things can
credible). They were distressed when I injunction of Nehemiah 10:38, Chris- remain when God moves in history.
instead proposed two goals that, if met, tian Reconstruction can acknowledge a John Peter Lange brings home the
would signal the success of Christian major success. The cultural implications meaning of counting the cost before
Reconstruction. I further insisted that of these two indices will be deep, lasting, building a tower (Lk. 14:28-30) in
until these two goals were achieved, any and will snowball. Until that time, both words that apply both to Josiah’s reform
other alleged “successes” of Christian individuals and churches are illegiti- and our own era:
Reconstruction would be like “Band- mately dipping their hands into God’s The beginning signifies nothing unless
Aids” applied to a compound fracture: pockets — in different ways, assuredly, it leads to the end; a good ending is
superficial and ephemeral. but no less culpably. impossible without careful calculation
What two things would indicate So, what is going on culturally in and continually renewed exertion of all
that Christian Reconstruction has been the mean time? Christians are looking inward powers… So long as the City of
successful? First, that Christians tithe all for quick political fixes, and are equating God shows so many incomplete towers
the tithes commanded in the Bible: the any perceived progress on such fronts and heaps of ruins, it cannot possibly
Levitical tithe, the poor tithe, and the as rip-roaring successes. It is instruc- make upon its enemies the impression
rejoicing tithe. All of it. Every last, de- tive, then, to consider the rip-roaring of an impregnable fortress.1
centralizing, state de-bloating cent of it. successes achieved by King Josiah, the By the time you read this, Mark
Second, that the tithe is applied as com- greatest king of the Old Testament by Rushdoony, Chris Ortiz, and myself will
manded in Scripture (e.g., Neh. 10:38), Scriptural acclamation. have (Deo volente) attended a follow-up
with only a tithe of the tithe directed to The scriptures that speak of Josiah’s conference in New York (October 21-
institutional worship, but 90% of the reign should bring tears of joy and 22, 2005) sponsored by secularists for
tithe directed to Levitical functions (in recognition to those sympathetic to the purpose of enlightening attendees
particular, education of children). Christian Reconstruction. The fact is, on the dangers of “Dominionism.” We
These two things go in tandem: so notwithstanding the astonishing strides expect that secularists will once again
long as Christians won’t tithe, the short- under Josiah, Israel’s reconstruction (as in April 2005’s conference) apply
changed Church will be tempted to was short-lived and finally collapsed statist/political yardsticks to measure the
H urricane Katrina
will go down in
history as not only the
tory Education, which was designed to
help underclass children learn to read.
Forty years later, after an expenditure of
later wrote that Bellamy was “imbued
with a religious faith in the democratic
ideal…. But what distinguishes Bellamy
most ferocious and de- countless billions of dollars, there is now is that he grasped the human meaning
structive natural disaster more illiteracy among the underclass of democracy as an idea of equality and
to hit America, but also than there was back in 1965. liberty. No one has carried through the
for what it revealed about our social Is this the result of inefficient gov- idea that equality is obtainable only by
underbelly. ernment bureaucracy? Or is it proof that complete equality of income more fully
It uncovered the fact that an afflu- minority children in the underclass are than Bellamy.”1
ent, technologically advanced America somehow mentally defective and simply In 1894 Dewey joined the faculty
has a large population of people that can’t learn to read no matter how much of the University of Chicago as Chair-
can only be called an underclass. This money is spent on them? Marva Collins, man of the Department of Philosophy,
underclass not only existed in New Or- a Chicago teacher who founded her own Psychology, and Pedagogy. It was there
leans, but exists in every city in America. private school, took these same children that he set up his famous Laboratory
These are people who live in poverty who were considered uneducable and School where the new collectivist cur-
and are greatly dependent on govern- turned them into highly literate individ- riculum could be tried out. Dewey’s idea
ment programs for their basic needs. uals with a future. How did she do it? was to build the curriculum not around
Most of them are functionally illiterate. Simply by using teaching methods that academic subjects but occupational
How can this be in a country with work. So why won’t the public schools activities, which provided maximum
compulsory public education? We use these methods? opportunities for socialization.
know that the road out of poverty is The Plan for Failure In his famous statement of belief,
education, but apparently the Ameri- The plain truth is that there has “My Pedagogic Creed,” written in 1897,
can public schools are establishing, not been in this country a deliberate plan Dewey spelled out quite clearly that the
eradicating, lifetime poverty. to change the nature of education in school was to be the vehicle of America’s
As we all know, the famous War on America so that the American people socialist revolution. In his Creed he
Poverty was enacted during the Johnson could be easily led into a socialist sys- put forth his collectivist concepts of an
administration back in 1964. Its goal tem. The story begins with John Dewey, organic society, the social individual,
was to eliminate poverty in America. who became the philosophical leader of the downgrading of academics, and the
Since then, several trillion dollars have the Progressive Education movement. need to use psychology in education. To
been spent on the program. So how is Dewey, born in 1859, was reared Dewey, an individual was no more than
it that 40 years later, poverty still exists among conservative Christians in New a cell in a larger organism.
and that there may be even more of it England. At the University of Vermont In 1898, Dewey wrote his seminal
today than there was in 1964? he eagerly accepted the Theory of Evo- essay, “The Primary-Education Fetich.”
The answer is very simple. During lution and began his voyage from Chris- In it he attacked the traditional em-
that same administration, LBJ, with the tianity to atheistic socialism. At Johns phasis on teaching basic academic skills
help of the National Education Associa- Hopkins in 1881 he studied Hegel in the primary grades, particularly the
tion, enacted the Elementary and Sec- and the New Psychology taught by G. teaching of reading by the phonetic or
ondary Education Act of 1965 in which Stanley Hall, who had gotten his doc- phonics method. The phonics method
the federal government entered public torate under Wilhelm Wundt at Leipzig. produced good fluent readers, individu-
education with both feet. Politicians de- Dewey became a socialist after reading als with independent intelligence who
cided to spend billions of dollars to “im- Edward Bellamy’s 1888 book, Looking could think for themselves and read
prove” education. One of the programs Backward, a utopian fantasy about a anything. Dewey’s aim was to create a
in that act was Title One, Compensa- socialist America in the year 2000. He curriculum that would lead to collectiv-
A “concerned reader”
who has been
observing the “signs
has authority to tell federal agencies and
their SWAT teams (FBI, BATF, DEA,
IRS, and federal marshals) how they
fectly in accord with what is known as
the principle of governmental interposi-
tion.2 This is God’s method of unseating
of the times” makes a must conduct themselves in his county. tyrants and restoring republican govern-
thoughtful comment But sadly, very few sheriffs have the ment for the benefit of the common
and poses some perti- intestinal fortitude to buck the evolv- people through the process of raising up
nent questions: ing police-state system because doing intermediate magistrates who inter-
so might threaten their careers or their pose themselves between the offending
It appears that our police forces in
standing with various federal agencies tyrants and the people (1 Kin.12).
America are changing and that we are
developing into a Police State/Surveil- on which they have become financially This is just one example of the
lance Society. What is the traditional dependent. attempt to federalize local law enforce-
model for police forces in America? Are ment. Other pressures come from the
they in the process of being militarized?
Pressures to Militarize
vast monetary resources of various feder-
If so, for what reason? How can we Local Law Enforcement al agencies that share money taken from
reconstruct the American concept of One sheriff who did have the
citizens through government seizures
police? intestinal fortitude – along with a good
of money and property for distribution
The answer is yes. The orientation understanding of the U. S. Constitution
to local judges and law enforcement
and underlying concept of police en- – to buck pressures from Washington,
agencies. When these local agencies are
forcement in America have been chang- D. C., was Richard I. Mack, who served
“bought off,” justice is perverted (Is.
ing. The change has been progressing as sheriff of Graham County, Arizona.
59:14). It takes a local or county-level
In January, 1994, the federal Bureau of
so quietly as to be hardly noticeable. official with an iron will and high sense
Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF)
Throughout Americas’ history, the tradi- of integrity to resist the lure of federal
mailed all law enforcement administra-
tional orientation of police enforcement funds that can be used to buy new guns
tors in the country a copy of its own
has been local rather than national. It and equipment, training, or other forms
interpretation of local law enforcement’s
was the sheriff, the highest police official of assistance, because needed funds at
duties regarding the new “Brady Law,”
in the county, and his deputies who were the local level always seem to fall short
which required a five-day waiting period
without question in control of maintain- of ever-pressing needs.
to purchase firearms. Sheriff Mack cor-
ing peace and apprehending law break- rectly reasoned along this line: The push for continued federaliza-
ers. Incorporated cities and municipali- tion of local police enforcement comes
First, the law is completely contrary to
ties have had the same local orientation, the U.S. Constitution,…. The Brady from various sources:
but the titles change to chief of police Bill also violates the Constitution of First, the technology to accomplish
and policemen on the beat. Arizona, which states, “…the rights of this has been in existence for some
The traditional American concept the individual citizen to keep and bear years and has been widely accepted by
of law enforcement was that it was ap- arms in his own defense or in defense the public. Think: computers, RFIDs
plied by the sheriff’s deputy or police- of the state, shall not be impaired.” … (radio-frequency identification devices)
Second, the Federal Government has no
man, who were regarded as friends, used by merchants and other firms for
jurisdictional authority to order or com-
right where problems occurred. But this mand me (or any other sheriff in this inventory control, and the “black boxes”
historic view has changed gradually over country) to enforce federal law…. I am that now come with new automobiles.
the past half-century because of certain not a federal agent; I work for Graham If these can be used for business and
political pressures and monetary influ- County and was hired by the people of personal purposes, it is only a short step
ences coming from the national level of the county to do their bidding.1 for them to be used by civil authorities.
government. The sheriff, as the highest- Note that Sheriff Mack’s concern For example, the National Motorists
ranking police officer in the county, still about jurisdictional authority was per- Association reports every month on how
“I’m for letting the slavery: “I think now that slavery is The truth is the blue states will
South form its own taken care of, I’m for letting the South never secede. First of all, they would not
Nation . . . I think they form its own nation.” I’ve yet to meet have the numerical military advantage
ought to have their own a Southerner who wishes to reinstitute this time. Recent statistics show that a
Confederacy.” Who said slavery, but thank you, Mr. Beckel, for disproportionate amount of military re-
that? Robert E. Lee? Jef- that brilliant observation. I’ll make a cruits continue to come from Southern
ferson Davis? George Wallace? Actually, note that you’re against slavery. states and, according to a recent article
none of the above. The words are those The blue state folks got right in the Christian Science Monitor, “the
of longtime Democratic gadfly Bob nasty after the last presidential election. rising generation of military leaders is
Beckel,1 commenting on the “red state” Someone even came up with the notion increasingly coming from the American
conservative (so-called) electoral victory that the thirty-one red states should be South.”3 And then there’s the little prob-
in 2004. separate and called “Jesusland.” While lem of the South’s stockpile of 3,150
Well butter my biscuit, it seems that designation is a little too “blow- nuclear warheads. That would likely be
like our dear friends in the North (and dried, evangelist” sounding for me, I a non-negotiable.
other blue state areas) aren’t so cuddly could accept it if the remaining states But there’s another reason the blue
with us Southerners anymore. Not that would agree to be known as “Pagan- states won’t secede. Who would the
they ever were, but Mr. Lincoln and the land.” What am I talking about? They elites scold if they didn’t have Bible
old Republican party sure did cotton to already are. Belt Southerners? It is their reason for
those tariffs. But seriously, what is it about Amer- existing. As one libertarian blogger so
Ah, but now it seems the tables icans and their constant restlessness with accurately noted, “Liberals don’t want
have turned. Yes, according to Lawrence our differences and regionalism? Is it to leave their enemies alone. Instead, as
O’Donnell, who is a former aide to healthy? What’s the word for the new their track record shows, they want to
the late New York Democratic Senator order? In case you’ve been lost in a cave take over the government in order to
Patrick Moynihan, red states “collect for the last ten years, it’s diversity. Unless, force their enemies to endure perpetual
more from the federal government than of course, you diverge from what the sensitivity training for being such racist,
they send in.” While I’ve not taken socialist elites approve of, which is pretty sexist, homophobic, ‘closed-minded’
the time to check the accuracy of Mr. much anything non-Christian. boors, i.e., for disagreeing with them.”4
O’Donnell’s statement, let’s assume, for This is what was truly driving the This incessant need for American
the sake of this article, that he’s right. So blue state folks crazy after George Bush liberals to pontificate from their pedestal
what? Many Southerners would simply won reelection in 2004. The perceived of self-righteousness and to meddle in
take the position that it’s payback time. born-again, swaggering Texan — a.k.a. the affairs of those whom they deem
Actually, we could really do with- Southerner — who speaks openly about beneath them has been ongoing and
out the Northeast elite’s money; that his faith and whom the liberals fear observed by many. Counter-culture
is if we could also cleanse ourselves of will bring in the millennium, thereby seventies rock icon Neil Young was one
everything that came with it — a strong thwarting their plans to make little such example, offering his opinions in
centralized government, higher taxes, committed socialists out of every child his song, “Southern Man”:
an overreaching judiciary, a breakdown in America. Southern man
of our Judeo-Christian heritage, just to All of a sudden we had big govern- better keep your head
name a few. Yes, please Mr. Beckel, keep ment, anti-family liberals saying things Don’t forget
your socialist dollars and go in peace, like: “We hold our noses as we fly over what your good book said
which is all the South wanted to do in you,” and “We don’t want to be lumped Southern change
1861: go in peace, that is. in with you anymore.”2 Alas, we knuck- gonna come at last
Naturally, Mr. Beckel could not le-draggers who prefer Andy Griffith Now your crosses are burning fast
discuss secession without mentioning reruns to South Park can only hope. Southern man
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