Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

Its capital, Budapest, is bis

ected by the Danube River and famed for its dramatic cityscape studded with arch
itectural landmarks from Buda s medieval Castle Hill and the grand neoclassical bu
ildings along Pest s Andrssy Avenue to the 19th-century Chain Bridge. The country h
as a long, rich history, and its culture reflects Roman, Turkish, Slavic and Mag
yar influences.Hungary (Listeni/'h??g?ri/; Hungarian: Magyarorszg ['m???rorsa?g]
( listen)) is a sovereign state in Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basi
n and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the s
outh, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest,
and Ukraine to the northeast. The country's capital and largest city is Budapest
. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrd Group, a
nd the Schengen Area. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most wide
ly spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.[9]
Following centuries of successive habitation by Celts, Romans, Huns, Slavs, Gepi
ds, and Avars, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the
Hungarian grand prince rpd in the Honfoglals ("homeland-conquest"). His great-gran
dson Stephen I ascended to the throne in 1000 CE, converting the country to a Ch
ristian kingdom. By the 12th century, Hungary became a middle power within the W
estern world, reaching a golden age by the 15th century.[10] Following the Battl
e of Mohcs in 1526 and about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541 1699), H
ungary came under Habsburg rule, and later formed a significant part of the Aust
ro Hungarian Empire (1867 1918).
Hungary's current borders were first established by the Treaty of Trianon (1920)
after World War I, when the country lost 71% of its territory, 58% of its popul
ation, and 32% of ethnic Hungarians. Following the interwar period, Hungary join
ed the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties.
Hungary came under the influence of the Soviet Union, which contributed to the
establishment of a four-decade-long communist dictatorship (1947 1989). The countr
y gained widespread international attention regarding the Revolution of 1956 and
the seminal opening of its previously-restricted border with Austria in 1989, w
hich accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.
On 23 October 1989, Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic, an
d today has a high-income economy[11] with a very high Human Development Index.[
12][13] Hungary is a popular tourist destination attracting 10.675 million touri
sts a year (2013).[14] It is home to the largest thermal water cave system[15] a
nd the second-largest thermal lake in the world (Lake Hvz), the largest lake in Ce
ntral Europe (Lake Balaton), and the largest natural grasslands in Europe (the H
ortobgy National Park).
Contents [hide]
1
Etymology
2
History
2.1
Before 895
2.2
Medieval Hungary 895 1526
2.3
Ottoman wars 1526 1699
2.4
From the 18th century to World War I
2.5
Between the World Wars 1918 1941
2.6
World War II 1941 1945
2.7
Communism 1945 1989
2.8
Third Republic 1989 present
3
Geography
3.1
Climate
4
Governance
4.1
Political parties
4.2
Administrative divisions
4.3
Military
5
Foreign relations

6
Economy
6.1
Science and technology
6.2
Transport
7
Education
8
Demographics
8.1
Languages
8.2
Ethnic groups
8.3
Religion
8.4
Urbanisation
9
Culture
9.1
Architecture
9.2
Music
9.3
Literature
9.4
Cuisine
9.5
Recreation
9.6
Folk art
9.7
Porcelain
9.8
Sport
10
See also
11
References
12
External links
Etymology
Main article: Name of Hungary
The "H" in the name of Hungary (and Latin Hungaria) is most likely due to early
historical associations with the Huns, who had settled Hungary prior to the Avar
s. The rest of the word comes from the Latinized form of Byzantine Greek Oungroi
(???????). According to an explanation the Greek name was borrowed from Old Bul
garian agrinu, in turn borrowed from Oghur-Turkic Onogur ('ten [tribes of the] O
gurs'). Onogur was the collective name for the tribes who later joined the Bulga
r tribal confederacy that ruled the eastern parts of Hungary after the Avars. Th
e Hungarians likely belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance and it is quite possi
ble they became its ethnic majority.[16][17]
The Hungarian endonym is Magyarorszg, composed of magyar ('Hungarian') and orszg (
'country'). The word magyar is taken from the name of one of the seven major sem
i-nomadic Hungarian tribes, magyeri.[18][19][20] The first element magy is likel
y from Proto-Ugric *mnc- 'man, person', also found in the name of the Mansi peopl
e (mnci, mansi, mns). The second element eri, 'man, men, lineage', survives in Hun
garian frj 'husband', and is cognate with Mari erge 'son', Finnish archaic yrk 'yo
ung man'.[21]
History