Primitivo C. Cal, Ph.D.

Executive Director, UP PLANADES

Former President, PIEP

Outline of Presentation
Existing Situation
Search for Solutions
Proposed Approach

Proposed National Transport Policies

Sample of Specific Strategies

Challenges: Based on the 1

st

Global Driver
Satisfaction Index developed by Waze, Metro Manila has The
worst traffic on earth

Economic cost of congestion

The Sunday Times, August 2006

Congestion costs estimated based on productive time loss and

fuel costs

Other urban areas in the country are also

experiencing transport and traffic
problems.

World bank-funded Transport Planning

& Traffic Management in Phil. Cities
Summary of Major Findings
1. Transport and traffic issues are viewed as serious in mediumsized cities and large citiesranking at the top 3;
2. Equipment, key documents, and references to aid cities in
traffic and transport planning are generally wanting; insufficient
data needed for a scientific analysis;
3. Much of budget is spent on personnelpresumably traffic
enforcersvery little left for any substantive measures to be
undertaken;

Summary of Major Findings (2)

4. Across important subject matters, planning

personnel of cities have very limited knowledge on

transport planning and traffic management; and
5. Key subjects desired: public transport planning,
transport network analysis, GIS methodologies,
TIA, traffic law enforcement, surveys, feasibility
studies, accident prevention, and traffic
management.

Search for Solutions

Opportunities

Constraints

Existence of a planning

Budgetary constraints

system
Existence of a hierarchy of
public transport modes
Advancement in Intelligent
Transportation System
technology
Strong private sector
participation

Old Public Service Act with

obsolete provisions
Institutional structure
weaknesses

Solutions must be resilient to deal with unexpected

conditions, such as:
Changing land use patterns
Emergencies and disasters
A network link is broken

A critical resource becomes scarce and expensive

A major sport or cultural event

PROPOSED TWO-TIER APPROACH

Policy Areas
Resource Generation and Allocation
Criteria for the Preparation of Agency Plans,
Programs and Projects

Cost Recovery and Subsidies

Regulation of Passenger Transport Services
Urban Transport
Transport Logistics
Governance

Policy Statements
Resource generation &

allocation

Increase fiscal space

Align resources based on

comparative modal
advantages
Promote PSP
Criteria for the preparation

of plans, programs &

projects

Adopt a common set of

guidelines
Conduct a feasibility study
for any project
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Policy Statements (2)

Cost recovery

Recover all costs, net of

eligible subsidies
Restrict cross-subsidy
Regulation of passenger

transport

Maintain current

liberalize regulatory
regime in maritime & air
transport
Continue strict control
in road transport, except
in high-class service
13

Policy Statements (3)

Regulation of passenger

transport

Urban transport

Tighten regulatory control

on aspects impinging on
safety, environmental
quality & level of service
See separate slide
Address critical areas that

Transport Logistics

impede the efficient flow

of passengers & goods
14

Urban Transport Policies

Give priority to public transport
Provide interconnectivity among transport modes
Give preference to TSM and TDM Measures

Introduce truck ban judiciously

Promote non-motorized transport

15

TSM/TDM Measures
Traffic Restraint
Urban Traffic Control
Bus Stop Segregation Scheme

Traffic Schemes

Replace the UVVRP with a more

effective Traffic Restraint Scheme
Description of the Existing Scheme

- Cars, buses and jeepneys with plate numbers ending

in 1 & 2 not allowed on Mondays, 3 &4 on Tuesdays, 5
& 6 on Wednesdays, 7 & 8 on Thursdays and 9 & 0 on
Fridays.

Description of UVVRP
Current Application:

- Scheme operated between 7 am and 7 pm, with

window hours from 10 am to 3 pm
- City specific schemes:
Makati City & Las Pinas City No window hours
Pasig City Window hours from 9 am to 4 pm
Marikina City & Taguig City Scheme not applied
Paranaque City No window hours & along certain
roads only
Pasay City Not implemented along certain roads

Research Findings on the Scheme

77 % of other cars were bought as alternative cars

during coding days.

45% of car owners own more than 1 car.
Those who own a single car, 76% intend to buy a new
car
On coding day, 33 % used an alternative car; others
(17%) traveled within the window hours.

Analysis of the Scheme

If alternative car is used twice a week, UVVRP would

only reduce 1.8% of car volume.

If alternative car is used thrice a week, UVVRP would
increase 2.4 % of car volume.
If half of those who intend to buy a new car did buy
one and use it at least once a week, UVVRP would
result in increased car volume.

Other Forms of Traffic Restraint

Physical Restraint
Parking Controls
Cordon Pricing

Supplementary Licensing
Electronic Road Pricing

ERP Gantry in Singapore

Policy Statements (4)

Governance

Promote PSP but restrict

the use of unsolicited

mode of PPP
Pursue devolution &
decentralization of
functions
Promote transparency &
accountability in the
implementation of govt
projects
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City Mayor

Department Head

Support Services
Division

Traffic
Engineering
Division

Transport
Concerns
Division

Traffic
Enforcement
Division

Facilities
Management
Division

Traffic Bureau as recommended by the JICA-funded STRIMM Project, 2002

Suggested Transport Planning and Traffic Management Board

Organizational Chart

Typical City TPTM Organization

BOARD

Mayor
(chairman)

Secretariat
(full-time)

City Engineers
Office (CEO)
Traffic Engg

City Planning
and Dev't Office
(CPDO)

Traffic
Management
Office (TMO)

Transportation
Planning
Transportation
Impact
Assessment
(TIA)
Public
Transport
Coordination

Enforcement
Education
Parking
control
Signal control
Towing

Transport
Franchising
Office (TFO)
Tricycles
Pedicabs

Board Members
Mayor (chairman)
CEO head
CPDO head
TMO head
TFO head
Legal Dept (City Atty.)
SB (Transport/ Traffic)
Reps of LTO, LTFRB, DPWH
and PNP
Private Sector
NGO
JODA/TODA

As recommended by the World

Bank-funded TPTM Study, 2008
25

Functions of the TPTM Board

Review & approve all transport & traffic management plans

prepared by the various offices of the city government

Cooperate with sectoral committees mandated to review &
approve the transport sector components of the Citys
CLUP & CDP
Coordinate, monitor & evaluate the planning &
implementation of the citys transport & traffic
management plans
Review & approve the annual work programs & budgets of
offices charged with the planning & implementation of
transport & traffic management plans
Develop & prescribe internal operating rules & procedutes
Perform other related functions

Secretariat
Serves as the technical arm of Board in performing the

latters functions
Provide administrative services
Provide management information services

27

Traffic Engineering Functions

under the CEO
Prepare traffic engineering schemes
Install and maintain traffic signals, traffic signs, road

markings and other devices

Recommend ordinances in support of traffic
management schemes
Review major development proposals as to their traffic
impact

28

Transportation Planning Functions

under CPDO
Provide input into the preparation/updating of
Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)
Prepare/update public transport network
Coordinate with the LTFRB in the adoption of the
citys public transport network, and with public
transport operators in the provision of facilities
like terminals and waiting areas and in the filing of
franchise applications for new/amended routes
Evaluate TIA Reports

29

Transportation Planning Functions

under CPDO (2)
Appear in the hearings of the LTFRB to ensure that the

issuance of franchises is consistent with the plans of

the city
Evaluate requests for variances from the zoning
ordinance that are likely to have a significant
transportation impact

30

Traffic Management Office

Formulate and implement a traffic education program
Assign personnel to control traffic at intersections and

other locations requiring such control

Enforce traffic rules and regulations
Operate towing units if applicable

31

TFO Functions
Regulate operation of tricycles for hire, pedicabs for

hire and other public non-motorized conveyances

32

Summary of Policies
Increase budget allocation

for transport
Promote PSP
Adopt a common set of
guidelines in the
preparation of programs &
projects
Recover all costs, net of
eligible subsidies
Continue strict regulatory
control on the economic
aspects of road transport

but tighten control on the

technical aspects
Give preference to TSM
and TDM Measures
Expand transport capacity,
giving priority to public
transport
Improve efficient flow of
goods
Pursue devolution &
decentralization of
functions

34