REIMAGINING THE FILIPINO CITY

24TH PIEP NATIONAL CONVENTION, November 6, 2015

BUILDING ON HERITAGE: CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN DESIGN

MICHAEL V. TOMELDAN

UP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
TAM PLANNERS COMPANY

Photo by kanowcamera, www.skyscrapercity.com

THE IMAGE OF THE CITY Imageability, Wayfinding

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

KEVIN ANDREW LYNCH (1918-1984)

Elements that Make up the Image of the City

Paths
Edges
Districts
Nodes
Landmarks

The image of the city (lasting impressions) are provided

by one element or any combination of the 5 elements.

Elements that Make up the

Image of the City

Paths
Edges
Districts
Nodes
Landmarks

BUILDING ON HERITAGE: CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN DESIGN

THE DIMENSIONS OF PLANNING AND DESIGN

Photo by Andre Salvador

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

BUILDING DENSITY CONTROLS

FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) = Gross Floor Area / Lot Area

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR)

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

THE DIMENSIONS OF PLANNING AND DESIGN

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

CITIES WILL ALWAYS CHANGE.

City Planning and Design has to:
appreciate historical context PAST
be Visionary FUTURE
build Consensus - PRESENT
Image from planphilly.com

State House of Pennsylvania in 1752, appears in USA currency.

The State House was renamed Independence Hall. The heritage building
as it looks today (with taller 20h century buildings a sbackdrop).

CATEGORIES OF HERITAGE PRESERVATION

MICHAEL V. TOMELDAN
U.P. COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

1.

NATURAL AREAS lands declared as reservations such as forests, mountains,

archaeological sites, etc.

2.

TOWNS AND VILLAGES

An entire town or village preserves its historical character.

Old buildings are preserved and new ones adopt the established architectural style.

3. SKYLINES AND VIEW CORRIDORS

strict height restrictions control development of tall buildings.

buildings which have significance remain prominent because sight lines and the
hierarchy of building heights are preserved

4. DISTRICTS
areas with stylistic consistency are preserved by protecting old buildings from
demolition and alteration.
efforts are made so that not only the areas architectural character is preserved but
also the way of life.
5. STREETSCAPES
6. FAADE
7. BUILDINGS - The preservation of individual buildings has the longest history and is
the most common category of preservation.
8. OBJECTS AND FRAGMENTS - Some ancient civilizations leave behind remnants
of structures which reflect their culture and history.

CATEGORIES OF PRESERVATION:

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

3. SKYLINES AND VIEW CORRIDORS

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, USA
- strict height restrictions control development of tall buildings.
- buildings which have significance and historical value remain prominent because the hierarchy of
building heights is preserved.

The Site Plan, illustration from the City Planning Commission, 1963, The Plan for the City Center of Philadelphia. www.architectmagazine.com

CATEGORIES OF PRESERVATION:

3. SKYLINES AND VIEW CORRIDORS

Image from www.ushistory.org

The Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is a heritage structure where the

Declaration of Independence of the USA was signed in 1776.

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.axiomimages.com

Image from planphilly.com

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

3. SKYLINES AND VIEW CORRIDORS

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - City Hall becomes a terminus of view corridors (avenues) and the basis for
building height limits.

WILLIAM PENN

Image from ifactmonster.com

Image from planphilly.com

Philadelphia Museum of Art at the west end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway

Image from gwarlingo.com

The City Hall at the end of the View Corridor

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

WILLIAM PENN STATUE ON CLOCK TOWER OF CITY HALL

The clock tower of the City Hall in Philadelphia was recognized
as the ceiling of building heights in the city for many years.
This Gentlemans Agreement was broken with the completion
of the high-rise Liberty Place in 1987.

WILLIAM PENN

Philadelphia City Hall

Image from www.clear-coat.com

Bronze statue of William Penn (Founder of the city) at the City Hall
courtyard before it was installed in the Clock Tower.

Image from www.shorpy.com

Image from www.philadelphiaencyclopedia.org

Worker with the head of the William Penn statue

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

PHILADELPHIA

The Philadelphia City Hall and the Philadelphia

Museum of Art occupy both ends of the formal axis
(Benjamin Franklin Parkway).

Philadelphia City Hall

Philadelphia City Hall

Photo by from John Greim, Mira.com

Philadelphia Museum of Art

Image from www.psychedandsuch.blogspot.com

Image from www.visitphilly.com

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

WILLIAM PENN STATUE AND PHILADELPHIA

WILLIAM PENN

Image from www.pinterest.com

The bronze William Penn statue on top of the clock tower

Image from www.corbisimages.com

The bronze William Penn statue with new skyscraper

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Liberty Place (constructed 1984-1987) in background.

3. SKYLINES AND VIEW CORRIDORS

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Prominence of significant buildings are preserved because of strict building height restrictions and established visual corridors.
The City Hall of Philadelphia remained a prominent building even after other buildings eclipsed its height because it was
situated to be the terminus of a visual corridor.
Image from www.aerialphotosofnj.com

MUSEUM OF ART

CITY HALL

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, USA

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The RIZAL PARK VISTA LAYERS OF HERITAGE

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Photo by kanowcamera, www.skyscrapercity.com

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

the Barangay at Maynila headed by Rajah Soliman was

particularly large and fortified;
The town was situated on the bank of the river, and seemed to
be defended by palisades all along its front. Within it were many
warriors, and the shore outside was crowded with people.
Pieces of artillery stood at the gates, guarded by bombardiers,
linstock in hand. A culverin shot at us, and close to the houses
were four Chinese ships.
From Martin de Goitis Report to Legazpi (1570)

Image from
www.imgarcade.com

Legazpi declared the area of Manila as the new capital of the

Spanish colony on June 24, 1571.

Images (bottom left, middle left) from www.jibraelangel2blog.blogspot.com

RAJAH SOLIMAN of MANILA

Image from www.retrato.com.ph

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LEGAZPI

INTRAMUROS: The Walled City of Manila

- Intramuros was built on the ruins of Rajah Solimans fortifieded settlement.

Construction of the walls started in 1590 and continued until 1872.

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.flicker.com

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INTRAMUROS: The Walled City of Manila

Construction of the walls started in 1590 and continued until 1872.

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.gov.ph

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THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA, 1905

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Daniel Burnham
Image from www.vintagedesigns.com

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Symmetrical Layout Axes

for Symmetry
Grand Vistas and Viewing
Corridors
Radial Boulevards
Monumental Buildings
Neoclassical Architecture
Parks and Gardens

Image from The Far

Eastern Review by Bronson
Image from www.assembly.activistar-ads.com

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THE BURNHAM PLAN FOR MANILA, 1905

Capitol
Building

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.skyscrapercity.com

1. City of Manila was planned to become

the National Capital of the Philippines.
2. Intramuros was to be preserved as a
heritage enclave.
3. Areas around Intramuros would be the
location of new government and civic
buildings.

Image from hundredyearshence.blogspot.com

4. The present Rizal Park was meant to

be the National Government Center
with the Capitol Building as the
Terminus of the Mall.
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Frost, Arellano, Williams, Croft collaborated on the formulation of the Master Plan for the new National Capital (1939)
The new city would later be called Quezon City.

MANUEL QUEZON
COMMONWEALTH
PRESIDENT
1935-1941

Images from
malacanang.gov.ph
Image from www.quezon.ph

Independence, 4 July 1946

Rizal Park, 1968

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.corbisimages.com

Image from www.malacanang.gov.ph

Image from www. tumblr.malacanang.gov.ph

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METRO MANILA, NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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METRO MANILA, NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.skyscrapercity.com

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NEW CAPITAL CITY

WASHINGTON, D.C., USA

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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NEW CAPITAL CITY

WASHINGTON, D.C., USA

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.loc.gov

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NEW CAPITAL CITY

BRASILA, BRAZIL

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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NEW CAPITAL CITY

BRASILA, BRAZIL

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.pichenettes.org

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OLD CAPITAL CITY

BEIJING, CHINA

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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OLD CAPITAL CITY

BEIJING, CHINA

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.apec-china.org.cn

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OLD CAPITAL CITY

TOKYO, JAPAN

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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OLD CAPITAL CITY

TOKYO, JAPAN

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.skyscrapercity.com

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Manila, Philippines

The National Government Center as envisioned by Daniel Burnham Burnham is now the Rizal Park.

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.skyscrapercity.com

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Manila, Philippines
The Burmham Plan - National Government Center

Image from www.skyscrapercity.com

The Burnham Plan for Manila has similarities with Washington DC but also has many BIG Differences.
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The McMillan Plan for Washington D.C. by Burnham, McKim, Olmsted (1901)

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.philstar.com

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Manila, Philippines
The Building Footprints of the National Government Center (Burnham Plan)

Finance

Agriculture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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Washington, D.C., USA

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

The Washington Obelisk Monument is in the West-East Axis of the Mall, along with the Lincoln Memorial
(West terminus) and the United States Capitol Building (East terminus).
In terms of Distance from the Capitol Building and Scale the Rizal Monument is equivalent to the
President Ulysses Grant Equestrian Statue NOT the Washington Obelisk.

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Washington, D.C., USA

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Rizal Park superimposed on Washington, D.C. (same scale)

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

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The Mall, Washington, D.C., USA

Rizal Park superimposed on Washington, D.C. (same scale)

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Graphics by TAM Planners Co.

The distance between the Rizal Monument and the Torre de Manila is 850 meters.
The distance between the Washington Obelisk Monument and the United States Capitol is 2.25 kilometers.
The height of the Rizal Monument is 12.7 meters
The height of the Washington Monument is169 meters.
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In terms of Distance from the Capitol Building and Scale the Rizal
Monument is equivalent to the President Ulysses Grant Equestrian
Statue NOT the Washington Obelisk

Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

Image from www.imgkid.com

Image from www.kestan.com

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Michael V. Tomeldan
UP College of Architecture

In terms of Distance from the Capitol Building and Scale the Rizal Monument is equivalent to the
President Ulysses Grant Equestrian Statue NOT the Washington Obelisk

Image from www.skyscrapercity.com

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BUILDING ON HERITAGE: CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS OF URBAN DESIGN

MICHAEL V. TOMELDAN, michaeltomeldan@gmail.com

END OF PRESENTATIONTHANK YOU.

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Image from www.skyscrapercity.com