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Lect 5: Look Angle Determination
Lect.
Lecturer: Dr.
Dr Abdelhamid Gaafar
Tutor: Khalid Salim
Summary of Lecture 5
Angle Definitions
Sub-Satellite Point
Nadir
direction
Sub
Zenith
direction
L
Longitude
it d l :
Angle in deg. from a the ref.
Greenwich line in London
S b S t llit Point
Sub-Satellite
P i t
Satellite Range
Latitude Ls
Longitude
ls
g
Elevation Angle
El = - 90o
Central Angle
Latitude Le
Longitude le
Earth Radius = R
Look Angles
Satellite
Earth Station
Azimuth:
A
i th E
Eastward
t
d
(clockwise) from geo. N
to sat. path projection
on the local horizontal
plane at earth station.
re
e
d rs 1 2 cos
rs
rs
2
Elevation Calculation
Elevation Angle El:
cos El
sin
sin
1/2
re
e
1 2 cos
rs
rs
2
location to be found since the azimuthal direction can lie anywhere from
0o (true N) 360o (back to true N again).
g
tan l s l e
tan
sin Le
1
Geometrically
Geometricall is defined as the Acute
NW
NE
E
Equator
t
E
SW
SE
Az = 180o -
Local
Horizontal
Plane
A Z 180
Path
P h to Sat.
S
Earth St.
Equator
GEO Sat.
Projection
N
Projection
A Z 180
Local
Horizontal
Plane
Path to Sat.
Az = 180o +
Earth St.
Equator
GEO Sat.
AZ
Az =
GEO Sat.
Equator
Earth St.
Path to Sat.
Local
Horizontal
Pl
Plane
Projection
A Z 360
GEO Sat.
Path to Sat.
Local
Horizontal
Plane
Equator
Earth St.
Az = 360o -
Projection
Visibility Test
Visibility Test: Determines if a satellite can operate in a given location.
location
For a satellite to be visible from the earth station, the Elevation must be
non negative
non-negative.
El 0
re
1 re
rs
cos
cos
rs
Operational Limitations:
For Geostationary Satellites
Usual limits are:
C-Band
K B d
Ku-Band
Ka- and V-Band
5o
10o
20o
81.3o
assume height
h i ht above
b mean sea llevell = 0 m)) andd wantt tto point
i t your
satellite antenna towards TELESATs new geostationary satellite
ANIK F2,
F2 now positioned at 111.1
111 1o WL (west longitude).
longitude) It is billed
as the worlds largest commercial communications satellite. Find the
look
oo angles
a g es and
a the
t e range
a ge to tthee sate
satellite.
te.
Given: Le = 44 N, le = 79 35 W, Ls = 0, ls = 111.1 W.
Req.:
Req : El,
El Az,
Az d.
d Assume rs = 42,164
42 164 km and re = 6,378.14
6 378 14 km.
km
Note:
N
Using
l e 79 35' W
Calculator
79.58333 W
Step 1 Get :
cos cos Le cos l s l e cos 44 cos 111.1 79.58333 0.6132
SStepp 2 G
Get El::
cos re rs
El tan
sin
i
6378.14
0.6132 42164
30.32
tan 1
sin 52.177
Step 1 Get :
tan l s l e
tan
i Le
sin
1
Range to Satellite:
1/ 2
r 2
r
d rs 1 e 2 e cos
rs
rs
1/2
6378.14
6378 14
6378 14
6378.14
42164 1
2
0.6132
42164
42164
38,583.29 km
satellite
t llit antenna
t
in
i your bbackyard
k d (l
(longitude
it d 115o 35
35 E,
E latitude
l tit d 31o
25 S, height above mean sea level = 100 m).You want to point your
antenna to Indonesias
Indonesia s PALAPA B2P geostationary satellite
positioned at 113.0o E. Find the look angles and the range to the
sate te.
satellite.
Given: Le = 31o 25 S, le = 115o 35 E, Ls = 0, ls = 113.0o E,
hsea = 100 m
Req.: El, Az, d. Assume rs = 42,164 km and re = 6,378.14 km.
Note:
Using
Le 31 25'S
Calculator
31.41667 S
Using
l e 115 35'E
Calculator
115.58333 E
re re hsea 6,378.24 km
Step 1 Get :
cos cos Le cos l s l e cos 31.41667 cos 113 115.58333 0.8525
cos 1 0.6132 31.512
sin
6378.24
0.8525
42164
53.3
tan 1
sin
i 31.512
31 512
Step 1 Get :
tan l s l e
tan
i Le
sin
1
sin
Range to Satellite:
1/2
r 2
r
d rs 1 e 2 e cos
r
rs
s
1/2
6378.24
6378.24
42164 1
2
0.8525
42164
42164
36,877.576 km
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