Wales 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review HIA - Seperate Appendix of Detailed Analysis Tables - FINAL - 28-Mar-08

Our Waste
Wales 3 Regional
Waste Plans
1st Review
Final
Strategic Health
Impact Assessment
Separate Appendix
Our Challenge Report of the
Detailed HIA
Analysis Tables for
all 4 SWMOs
March 2008
Acknowledgements
This strategic health impact assessment has been a collaborative project and would not have been
possible without the support, advice and feedback of key people and organisations. In particular the
members of the Project Steering Group:
• Martha Savage and Mike Pender, Denbighshire County Council
• Liz Green, Welsh Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU)
• Rhiannon Jones, Environment Agency
• Janet Williams, Ty AVOW, Association of Voluntary Organisations in Wrexham
• Angela Tinkler and Jackie James, National Public Health Service
• Ceri Morris, Neath Port Talbot Council
• Stuart Newland, Caerphilly Council
• Simon Cottrill, Conwy County Council
• Adrian Jones, Welsh Assembly Government
Please note that the report does not necessarily reflect the personal or organisational views of
the members of the Project Steering Group or of the other key people and organisations that
have provided advice and information for this Strategic HIA.
Strategic HIA Report Authors:
• Salim Vohra, Peter Brett Associates (now at the Institute of Occupational Medicine)
• Claire Holman, Peter Brett Associates
• Laura Henworth, Peter Brett Associates
Peter Brett Associates disclaims any responsibility to the Client and others in respect of any matters outside the
scope of this report. This report has been prepared with reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of
the Contract with the Client and generally in accordance with ACE Short Form Conditions of Engagement and
taking account of the manpower, resources, investigations and testing devoted to it by agreement with the Client.
Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk. This non-technical summary contains an overview of the
key findings and conclusions. However no reliance should be placed on any part of the summary until the whole
of the report has been read.
© Peter Brett Associates 2007
Introduction
This is a separate appendix of the detailed HIA analysis tables developed during the analysis of the potential positive and negative health
impacts of the Strategic Waste Management Options (SWMOs) of the 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review.
There are four tables for each of the SWMOs and each table is divided into construction, operation and decommissioning phases.
The reason for a separate appendix was because of the size of the detailed tables which altogether are 240 pages long.
OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy Page 2
OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy Page 60
OPTION 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): Mechanical Biological Treatment/Biological Mechanical Treatment-led Strategy Page 120
OPTION 4 (A, B, C, D & E): Mechanical Heat Treatment (MHT)/Autoclave-led Strategy Page 181
Detailed HIA Analysis Tables OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy Page 1
Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of
OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy

compared to OPTION 0: ‘Do Nothing’ Strategy
Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of OPTION 1 (A, B &C):
Landfill-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: ‘Do Nothing’ Strategy
Legend
+ positive health impact +++ major ---
- negative health impact ++ moderate --
~ no identified health impact + minor -
Definition of the levels of potential impact
Significance Level Criteria
Severe ---- Only adverse effects are assigned this level of importance as they represent key factors in the decision-making process,
and may threaten the viability of the project. These effects are generally, but not exclusively, associated with sites and
(negative only) features of international, national or regional importance. A change at a regional or district scale site or feature may also
enter this category. Typically, mitigation measures are unlikely to remove severe adverse effects.
Major +++/--- These effects are likely to be important considerations at a local or district scale. If adverse, potential concerns to the
project may become key factors in the decision-making process. Mitigation measures and detailed design work are
(positive or negative) unlikely to remove all of the adverse effects upon the affected communities or interests.
Moderate ++/-- These effects, if adverse, while important at a local scale, are unlikely to be key decision-making issues. Nevertheless,
the cumulative effect of such issues may lead to an increase in the overall effects on a particular area or on a particular
(positive or negative) resource. They represent issues where effects will be experienced but mitigation measures and detailed design work
may ameliorate or enhance some of the consequences upon affected communities or interests. Some residual effects
will still arise.
Minor/Mild +/- These effects may be raised as local issues but are unlikely to be of importance in the decision-making process.
Nevertheless they are of relevance in enhancing the subsequent design of the project and the consideration of mitigation
(positive or negative) and enhancement measures.
Neutral/No Effect ~ No effect or effects which are beneath the level of perception or within normal bounds of variation.
Construction Phase (between 2-5 years for each facility built)
Only construction and associated activity impacts are assessed in this table.
Option 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy

Construction Phase Option 0: ‘Do Nothing’ strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed by impact
low levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill
Overall The numbers of new Civic Amenities, HIC Excluding The numbers of new Civic Amenities, HIC Transfer Stations, Excluding
Transfer Stations, C&D Transfer Stations, waste C&D Transfer Stations, In-Vessel Compositing Facilities, Open waste
In-Vessel Compositing Facilities, Open collection, Windrow Composting Facilities, C&D Exemption Sites, C&D collection,
Windrow Composting Facilities, C&D recycling and Recycling Sites and Inert Landfill Sites needed will be the same recycling and
Exemption Sites, C&D Recycling Sites and composting for all Options 0-4 and for each local authority. composting
Inert Landfill Sites needed across Wales facilities. There will be a small increase in the number of new residual facilities.
will be the same for all the Options 0-4 and treatment facilities.
for each waste region and local authority
There will be All the
within each of the Options.
no Option 1C (Incineration with energy recovery) is likely to cause proposed
Landfill will be the only significant method construction new residual
the greatest community concern, followed by Options 1A
of treating and disposing of waste. impacts as treatment
(Pyrolysis) and Options 1B (Gasification).
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will there is waste
mean there will be no new residual enough facilities in
treatment waste facilities which will mean landfill space the region
less communities concerned about the (void) for the -/--
proposed siting of a new residual predicted
treatment waste facility. waste
arisings in Individual
There will be an increase in the levels of
2013 and no new residual
waste generated in 2013 which will mean
residual treatment
an increase in waste traffic. However,
treatment waste
compared to the other options 1-4 there be
waste facilities
slightly less waste traffic as there are no
intermediate facilities after recycling and facilities will -/--
composting for treating residual waste. be built.
Though over the short term, up to 2013, New residual
there is enough landfill space for waste ~ treatment
disposal over the longer term there will be waste facility
a need both to extend the life of existing in a rural area
landfills, by surcharging i.e. making them -/--
higher, and create new landfills.
This is prohibited under EU and national New residual
legislation and will mean the payment of treatment
large fines for non-compliance which is waste facility
likely to have economic and social costs. in an urban
The positive and negative health and area
wellbeing impacts of existing waste -/--
treatment facilities are assumed to be part
of the baseline profile of Wales, the
regions and local authorities.
Infectious diseases Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction of waste facilities (individually and Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread infectious diseases waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, to local residents or construction workers. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and Workers coming into contact with sewage and contaminated recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting water can be affected by micro-organisms. composting
construction impacts. facilities. facilities.
The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend on
This assumption is for the purposes of this the management of the construction of the waste facility; the
assessment only as in reality even the ~ adherence to health and safety protocols; and availability and All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the use of safety equipment and protective clothing. proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. new residual
Construction workers moving into the area, particular those who
are single, can lead to a rise in sexually transmitted diseases. treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Non-infectious/chronic Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction of waste facilities (individually and Excluding
diseases composting facility impacts which are the waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronic waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, diseases to local residents or construction workers. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and There is likely to be some dust generated by the construction recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting but the levels of these are unlikely to lead to respiratory or other composting
construction impacts. facilities. health problems. facilities.
This assumption is for the purposes of this The extent of the hazard to construction workers will depend on
assessment only as in reality even the ~ the management of the construction of the waste facility; the All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the adherence to health and safety protocols; and availability and proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. use of safety equipment and protective clothing. new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Physical injury and, Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction of waste facilities (individually and Excluding
poisoning composting facility impacts which are the waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause physical injury or poisoning to waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, local residents. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and There is a potential for the additional heavy construction lorry recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting traffic to result in an increase in road traffic collisions. This will composting
construction impacts. facilities. depend on whether a route strategy and timetable for major facilities.
This assumption is for the purposes of this traffic movements is developed for each proposed new residual
assessment only as in reality even the ~ treatment waste facility. All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the Local children could potentially gain access to a waste facility proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. construction site and get injured. new residual
Some workers may be injured on the construction site from falls, treatment
falling objects, collisions, etc. waste
facilities in
Construction sites can and do have hazardous substances on-
the region
site. This again is likely to be a greater hazard for construction
workers than for residents in the surrounding area. -
The extent of the hazard to construction workers will depend on
the management of the construction of the waste facility; the Individual
adherence to health and safety protocols; safe storage and new residual
usage of chemical; and availability and use of safety equipment treatment
and protective clothing. waste
The hazard to residents, especially children ingesting or coming facilities
into contact with hazardous chemicals, will depend on the -
secure storage and security measures to ensure no
unauthorised access to the site.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
Mental health Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding Depending on the size of the facility the construction period for Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste each of the potential new residual treatment waste facilities will waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, be between 2 to 5 years. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and This is likely to give rise to some nuisance effects for people recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting living close to the site e.g. noise, dust, traffic and visual impacts. composting
Additionally, if there is large or strong opposition to the siting of
This assumption is for the purposes of this a waste facility then there is likely to be considerable worry,
assessment only as in reality even the ~ anxiety and anger in at least some sections of the local All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the community. This could lead to significant psycho-social stress proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. and mental health effects. new residual
Workers on the site can have psycho-social stress related to treatment
their work depending on the quality of the contractors used and waste
the terms and conditions under which they are employed. facilities in
the region
There is likely to be greater concern about proposed
incinerators than for pyrolysis and gasification facilities and -/--
much less so for composting and recycling facilities.
Though there is also likely to be more concerns about open Individual
windrow composting than in-vessel composting. new residual
treatment
waste
Option 1C (Incineration with energy recovery) is likely to cause
facilities
(Pyrolysis) and Options 1B (Gasification). -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Population profile Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction of new facilities may lead to some increase in Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste population in the local area if construction workers are recruited waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, from outside the local area and outside commuting distance collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and (within 1 hours travel). recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting This is likely to be a particular issue in rural areas where composting
construction impacts. facilities. resident populations are small and disruption can be greater. facilities.
This assumption is for the purposes of this
assessment only as in reality even the ~ All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the proposed
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Employment & economy Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding It is likely that some or all of the construction related Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste employment will go to people in the locality of a waste facility. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, Some though are likely to go to workers from outside the locality collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and especially in rural areas where there may not be enough skilled recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting workers in the local area. composting
The above will depend on the availability of local people with the
This assumption is for the purposes of this relevant skills and whether the waste facility developer’s
assessment only as in reality even the ~ recruitment drive proactively focuses on local and district All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the construction workers and skilled craftspeople. proposed
The development is likely to stimulate the local area as the
construction starts using local sub-contractors and businesses treatment
allied to construction. waste
facilities in
Businesses may also be set up specifically to deal with activities
the region
related to the construction.
+
There will also be additional passing trade for existing shops
and retail amenities from construction workers going to and
from a development site. Individual
The major beneficial impact is likely to be on those with new residual
construction skills and experience and those who are currently treatment
unemployed or under-employed. waste
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Housing and accommodation Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding Given the length of the construction phase it is very likely, that if Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste local recruitment is difficult, construction workers will move into waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, the area from outside of the locality. These workers are likely to collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and either rent accommodation and may therefore create pressure recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting on the availability of housing, particularly affordable and good composting
construction impacts. facilities. quality housing in the locality. facilities.
This assumption is for the purposes of this However, this would also be a potential economic opportunity
assessment only as in reality even the ~ for private landlords. All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the Depending on the distance of the construction site from existing proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. homes there could be some direct impacts on the existing new residual
houses in terms of vibration effects and structural damage due treatment
to the construction work and/or lorry movements. This may be a waste
particular problem in rural areas where heavy construction facilities in
traffic and large developments are not the norm and housing is the region
not designed to take this into account. ~/-
It is unlikely that the construction of the waste facilities will
disrupt utility services – water, gas, electricity, waste and
Individual
sewage disposal.
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
Transport and connectivity Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding There is unlikely to be any direct effects on people’s access to Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste private and public transport. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, There will be construction traffic and this will have some impact collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and on the movement of private and public transport vehicles recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting depending on the transport links in the locality. composting
This may cause physical severance and a reduction in physical
This assumption is for the purposes of this activity and time spent outdoors for older people and children as
assessment only as in reality even the ~ local roads are, or are seen to be, dangerous and difficult to All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the cross. proposed
There maybe some negative nuisance impacts from the noise
and vibration. Though continuous noise and vibration effects treatment
can also give rise to psycho-social stress among these waste
residents. facilities in
the region
The construction traffic will increase the amount of vehicle
emissions however these are unlikely to cause physical health -
effects on existing or new residents. Though peaks in
concentration can exacerbate the symptoms of those with Individual
existing respiratory and cardiovascular difficulties especially in new residual
older people and children. treatment
The increased construction traffic is likely to have a greater waste
impact in rural areas than urban ones because rural roads are facilities
less good, the road network is sparser and the background -/--
levels of traffic are lower.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
Education and learning Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding There is unlikely to be any disruption to existing local schools. Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste Though this is dependent on whether there are schools near to waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, the site or on the routes used by construction traffic. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and Construction workers employed on the site are likely to gain recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting experience and on-the-job training. composting
If the developers link into local colleges and construction
This assumption is for the purposes of this training schemes then local people will have the opportunity to
assessment only as in reality even the ~ gain the skills to be recruited for construction as well as young All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the people gaining work experience on employment-linked proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. apprenticeship-type training schemes. new residual
Some construction workers may come from outside the UK and treatment
speak poor English which may necessitate setting up English waste
language courses for them.. facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
Crime and safety Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding There is unlikely to be any significant increases in crime Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste because of the construction as access to the construction site waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, will be limited. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and However, construction sites with their store of materials and the recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting influx of new construction-related people can make an area composting
construction impacts. facilities. more vulnerable to crime or, at least, to perceived as more facilities.
This assumption is for the purposes of this vulnerable to crime and less safe. This may mean that police
assessment only as in reality even the ~ and community guardian/warden patrols may need to be All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the undertaken in and around the site to ensure community safety. proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. This may be an issue in rural areas more than urban ones. new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Health & social care services Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding There may be some minor effects on local health and social Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste care services. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, Injured or unwell construction workers on site will use local collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and hospitals and primary care centres. recycling and
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting composting
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Shops and other retail Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding There will be some positive impact on local shops and Excluding
amenities composting facility impacts which are the waste amenities from passing trade from construction workers. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, Some shops or retail amenities may be set up or be expanded collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and specifically to serve the construction workers. recycling and
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Social capital and cohesion Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction of waste facilities could have a positive or Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste negative impact on the social capital and cohesion of local waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, residents in the area. collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and recycling and
The two important effects on social capital tend to be:
A sense of unfairness, inequity and helplessness in having to
live with the costs/negatives of the facility while the wider
society/community benefits.
extension and creation of new landfills. The sense of stigma at that they and their communities are
new residual
‘rubbish’ because they have a rubbish treatment facility near
treatment
their neighbourhood. This creates a sense of ‘us’ who live with
waste
the negatives of facility and ‘them’ who do not and cuts people
facilities in
off both from other residents, especially those who may support
the region
or don’t mind the facility, and the wider society/community.
--/-/+/++
This will depend on:
Individual
The nature and level of consultation and involvement of local
new residual
communities in the siting and planning process for a waste
treatment
facility.
waste
The type of facility: incinerators are likely to cause greater facilities
concern than pyrolysis, gasification and autoclave facilities.
--/-/+/++
These in turn are likely to cause greater concern than MBT,
anaerobic digestion and composting facilities. And these in turn
are likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civic New residual
amenities and transfer stations. treatment
The size of the facility, larger ones cause greater concern. waste facility
in a rural area
There is a potential for a coordinated and systematic approach
to identifying, planning and siting facilities to reduce concerns --/-/+/++
and reduce negative impacts and potentially enhance social
cohesion and social capital. New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
--/-/+/++
Culture and leisure Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding Existing culture and leisure facilities are unlikely to be affected Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste by the construction activity and associated traffic. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, May lead to a reduction in children’s outdoor play as collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and parents/guardians see local roads as more dangerous. recycling and
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Lifestyle and daily routines Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding There is likely to be some disruption of movement due to the Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste construction traffic. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, This will be dependent on the amount of construction traffic and collection,
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and the days and hours of construction. recycling and
It will also be dependent on how the construction site and
associated traffic are managed and the adherence to the
This assumption is for the purposes of this constructors code of conduct by the contractors and sub-
assessment only as in reality even the ~ contractors working on the site. All the
Children and older people are likely to be the most affected.
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Energy and waste Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding This will depend on: Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste Whether waste from the site is reused and recycled and the waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, amount of demolition and construction waste sent elsewhere. collection,
The types of construction vehicles used.
construction impacts. facilities. The energy and waste strategy developed for the construction facilities.
phase of the waste facilities.
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/+/++
Land and spatial Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction activity is likely to make the site visually Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste unattractive. waste
same for all the Options 0 – 4, Option 0 collection, Construction can compact soils and affect local flora and fauna. collection,
If existing brownfield sites are used then there is potential for
the soil to be contaminated with heavy metals, asbestos,
hydrocarbons and other chemicals. This is likely to be a greater
This assumption is for the purposes of this hazard for the construction workers undertaking the removal
assessment only as in reality even the ~ than residents in the surrounding area. The extent of the hazard All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the will depend on the safety protocols, clothing and equipment proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. used to safely remove and dispose of these materials. Any new residual
remediation of the site will remove the hazardous substances treatment
from the site and the health hazard. waste
Demolition and removal of solid waste will need to be managed facilities in
carefully especially if it is contaminated with heavy metals, the region
asbestos or other chemicals. The flow of materials entering and -
exiting the site during the construction phase can be significant
and will depend on how much can be re-used and recycled on
Individual
the site. The key effects are likely to be the increase in
new residual
construction traffic flows on the road and the potential for
treatment
spillage and throwing up of materials outside the site and
waste
thereby creating new hazards for other vehicles and adult and
facilities
child pedestrians.
-/--
The local utility companies will need to be involved to ensure
that there is no accidental disruption to the site because cables
and pipes are dug through. New residual
treatment
waste facility
There are potential regeneration benefits if existing brownfield
in a rural area
and derelict sites are brought back into productive use.
--/---
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Operation Phase (0-20 years after the construction phase)
Operation Phase Option 0: ‘Do Nothing’ strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed by impact
Overall Landfill will be the only significant method Excluding The combined recycling and composting rate will be 50%. Excluding
of treating and disposing of waste. waste The remaining waste will undergo low levels of heat treatment waste
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will collection, and all residual waste after this will be disposed of in landfill. collection,
also mean slightly less waste traffic as recycling and recycling and
Once the facilities are operational there are likely to be direct
there are no intermediate facilities after composting composting
nuisance impacts on residents in the local area depending on
recycling and composting for the residual facilities. facilities.
the type of waste facility.
treatment of waste. Therefore waste will All the
The major positive impacts will be the new jobs created in the
be transported directly to landfill. There will be proposed
new residual treatment waste facilities, the economic
Over the long term it will mean the operation new residual
opportunities opened up as waste is seen as a valuable
extension of existing and the creation of impacts from treatment
resource to be reused, recycled and from which energy can be
new landfills. existing waste
recovered and the low levels of energy recovered from thermal
landfill only. facilities in
This is prohibited under EU and national treatment.
the region
legislation and will mean the payment of The major ones are likely to be noise, pests/vermin, dust, litter
large fines for non-compliance. The +
-/-- and smell.
payment of these fines would reduce
In relation to the activities associated with the operation of the
expenditure in other areas. Individual
waste facilities proposed there will be additional heavy vehicle
traffic as waste trucks move to and from the facilities. The major new residual
negative impacts are likely to be from additional traffic and the treatment
increase in the potential for road traffic collisions, noise, waste
dust/litter, smell and air pollution. facilities
Option 1C (Incineration with energy recovery) is likely to cause ~/+
(Pyrolysis) and Options 1B (Gasification). New residual
Similarly smaller plants are likely to generate less community treatment
concerns than larger facilities and the extension of existing waste facility
facilities. in a rural area
Where there is community concern and protests it is likely that ~/+
this will remain for between 5-10 years gradually ebbing away.
However this will be dependent on the how well run the facilities
New residual
are and how well community complaints are handled.
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
Infectious diseases The operation of landfills (individually and Excluding The operation of the waste facilities (individually and Excluding
cumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread infectious diseases waste
infectious diseases to local residents. collection, to local residents. collection,
However, the operation of open windrow recycling and However, the operation of open windrow composting sites and recycling and
composting sites and landfills can give rise composting landfills can give rise to bioaerosols that can cause infectious composting
to bioaerosols that can cause infectious facilities. diseases in waste facility workers coming into contact with them. facilities.
diseases in waste facility workers coming The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend on All the
into contact with them. ~ the management of the operation of the waste facility; the proposed
The extent of the hazard to waste facility adherence to health and safety protocols; and availability and new residual
workers will depend on the management use of safety equipment and protective clothing. treatment
of the operation of the waste facility; the waste
adherence to health and safety protocols; facilities in
and availability and use of safety the region
equipment and protective clothing. ~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Non-infectious/chronic The operation of landfills (individually and Excluding The operation of waste facilities (individually and cumulatively) Excluding
diseases cumulatively) is unlikely to cause non- waste is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronic diseases to local waste
infectious/chronic diseases to local collection, residents or waste facility workers. collection,
residents or waste facility workers. recycling and There is likely to be some gaseous, liquid and solid materials recycling and
There is likely to be some gaseous, liquid composting such as dust, gases, bioaerosols, heavy metals, generated in composting
and solid materials such as dust, gases, facilities. the majority of waste facilities, e.g. incineration, pyrolysis, facilities.
bioaerosols, heavy metals, liquid waste gasification, anaerobic digestion, landfills and open windrow All the
generated that may be emitted into the air, ~ composting sites, that may be emitted into the air, water and soil proposed
water and soil in the local area. However, in the local area. However, the levels of these are unlikely to new residual
the levels of these are unlikely to lead to lead to physical health problems. treatment
health problems. Residents with pre-existing respiratory and cardiovascular waste
The extent of the hazard to landfill workers conditions may have, or perceive themselves to have, facilities in
will depend on the management of the exacerbations of their condition due to the low levels of the region
operation of the waste facility; the additional air pollution. ~/-
adherence to health and safety protocols; The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend on
and availability and use of safety the management of the operation of the waste facility; the Individual
equipment and protective clothing. adherence to health and safety protocols; and availability and new residual
use of safety equipment and protective clothing. treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
Physical injury and poisoning The operation of landfills (individually and Excluding The operation of waste facilities (individually and cumulatively) Excluding
cumulatively) is unlikely to cause physical waste is unlikely to cause physical injury or poisoning to local waste
injury or poisoning to local residents. collection, residents. collection,
There will be some additional waste lorry recycling and There is a potential for the additional waste lorry traffic to result recycling and
traffic as the amount of waste generated is composting in an increase in road traffic collisions. This will depend on composting
predicted to rise. This could results in facilities. whether a route strategy and timetable for major traffic facilities.
more road traffic collisions. movements is developed for each proposed new residual All the
Some workers may be injured during the ~/- treatment waste facility. Children are likely to be the most proposed
operation of the waste facilities from falls, vulnerable group. new residual
falling objects, collisions, etc. Some workers may be injured during the operation of the waste treatment
facilities from falls, falling objects, collisions, etc. waste
There are also likely to be some
facilities in
hazardous substances on-site. This again There are also likely to be some hazardous substances on-site.
the region
is likely to be a greater hazard for waste This again is likely to be a greater hazard for waste facility
facility workers than for residents in the workers than for residents in the surrounding area. -
surrounding area. The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend on
The extent of the hazard to waste facility the management of the operation of the waste facility; the Individual
workers will depend on the management adherence to health and safety protocols; safe storage and new residual
of the operation of the waste facility; the usage of chemical; and availability and use of safety equipment treatment
adherence to health and safety protocols; and protective clothing. waste
safe storage and usage of chemical; and facilities
availability and use of safety equipment ~/-
and protective clothing.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
Mental health The operation of the landfills is unlikely to Excluding The operation of the waste facilities is likely to give rise to some Excluding
give rise to additional nuisance effects waste nuisance effects for people living close to the site e.g. noise, waste
from those currently experienced e.g. collection, dust, traffic and visual impacts. collection,
noise, dust, traffic and visual impacts. recycling and Additionally, if there is large or strong opposition to the siting of recycling and
While some residents may still be composting a waste facility then there is likely to be considerable worry, composting
concerned about the landfills most are facilities. anxiety and anger in at least some sections of the local facilities.
likely to have become used to them and community. This could lead to significant psycho-social stress All the
have either come to accept or tolerate ~/- and mental health effects. proposed
them. How much acceptance/toleration This is likely to be exacerbated if a waste facility is poorly new residual
there is will depend on how well managed managed and complaints are not handled well. treatment
the site is and how well complaints are waste
Waste facility workers can have psycho-social stress related to
dealt with. facilities in
their work depending on the quality of the contractors used and
Existing landfill workers can have psycho- the region
the terms and conditions under which they are employed.
social stress related to their work -/--
depending on the quality of the contractors Individual
incinerators than for pyrolysis and gasification facilities and
used and the terms and conditions under new residual
much less so for composting and recycling facilities.
which they are employed. treatment
Though there is also likely to be more concerns about open
There is likely to be more support and less waste
windrow composting than in-vessel composting.
concern for collection, recycling and facilities
composting facilities. ~/-/--
Option 1C (Incineration with energy recovery) is likely to cause
New residual
treatment
(Pyrolysis) and Options 1B (Gasification).
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Population profile It is unlikely that there will be any changes Excluding The operation of new residual treatment waste facilities may Excluding
to the population profile in the local area waste lead to a small increase in population in the local area if waste waste
around landfills. collection, facility workers are recruited from outside the local area and collection,
The operation of new collection, recycling recycling and outside commuting distance (within 1 hours travel). recycling and
and composting facilities may lead to a composting However, the overall number of likely new jobs is small and composting
small increase in population in the local facilities. therefore any population increase will be negligible. facilities.
area if waste facility workers are recruited This will also be more of an issue in rural areas than urban All the
from outside the local area and outside ~ ones. proposed
commuting distance (within 1 hours travel). new residual
Increases in population can be seen as either a positive or a
treatment
negative depending on the local community and the
waste
characteristics and behaviour of the incoming residents.
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Employment & economy It is likely that the continued reliance on Excluding It is likely that some or all of the operation related employment Excluding
landfills will lead to the EU levying fines for waste will go to people in the locality of a waste facility. waste
non-compliance with the Landfill Directive. collection, Some though are likely to go to workers from outside the locality collection,
There is also the loss of the economic recycling and especially in rural areas where there may not be enough skilled recycling and
potential of additional recycling and energy composting workers in the local area. composting
recovery from the residual waste. facilities. facilities.
No new jobs will be created apart from the relevant skills and whether the waste facility developer’s All the
jobs created by the high levels of recycling -/-- recruitment drive proactively focuses on local and district waste proposed
and composting. facility workers. new residual
treatment
waste
operation e.g. maintenance and repair starts using local sub-
facilities in
contractors and businesses allied to waste.
the region
Businesses, particularly re-use, recycling and recovery ones,
+
may also be set up specifically to deal with activities related to
the operation of the waste facility.
There will also be additional passing trade for existing shops Individual
and retail amenities from waste facility workers going to and new residual
from a development site. This is particularly so in urban areas. treatment
waste
The major beneficial impact is likely to be on those with waste
facilities
sector skills and experience and those who are currently
unemployed or under-employed. +/++
However, some existing and new businesses may not wish to
be located near a waste facility and they may decide to move or New residual
not locate in the area. treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
There may also be potential effects on existing tourism
businesses particularly in rural areas if a waste facility is sited +/++
nearby.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Housing and accommodation It is unlikely that there will be pressure on Excluding It is unlikely that there will be pressure on local housing and Excluding
local housing and accommodation waste accommodation because of the operation of a waste facility waste
because of the operation of existing collection, from workers being recruited from outside the local area and collection,
landfills. recycling and moving nearer to the facility. Where this occurs it will be more of recycling and
It is unlikely that there will be pressure on composting an issue in rural areas than urban ones. composting
local housing and accommodation facilities. It is unlikely that there will be large positive or negative changes facilities.
because of the operation of a collection, in the prices of existing housing. There may be some downward All the
recycling or composting facility from ~ pressure on local house prices because of their nearness to a proposed
workers being recruited from outside the waste facility however given that there is a chronic shortage of new residual
local area and moving nearer to the houses and the predominant influence of national trends this is treatment
facility. likely to be short-lived and unlikely to impact on the economic waste
wellbeing of local residents. facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Transport and connectivity There is unlikely to be any direct effects on Excluding This depends on: Excluding
people’s access to private and public waste whether road, rail or water are the primary routes by which waste
transport. collection, waste is moved to and from a waste facility. collection,
There will be additional waste operation recycling and recycling and
the volume of waste treated.
traffic related to the increase in waste composting composting
generated and this will have some impact facilities. whether waste facilities are co-located. facilities.
on the movement of private and public All the
transport vehicles depending on the - There is unlikely to be any direct effects on people’s access to proposed
transport links in the locality. private and public transport. new residual
There will also be an increase in traffic There will be waste operation traffic and this will have some treatment
from waste vehicles going to and from impact on the movement of private and public transport vehicles waste
collection, recycling or composting depending on the transport links in the locality. facilities in
facilities. This may cause physical severance and a reduction in physical the region
There maybe some negative nuisance activity and time spent outdoors for older people and children as -/--
impacts from vehicles: speed, congestion, a) local roads are, or are seen to be, dangerous and difficult to
noise, dust/litter and air pollution. cross and b) the neighbourhood more polluted. Individual
There maybe some negative nuisance impacts from vehicles: new residual
speed, congestion, noise and dust/litter. treatment
The waste traffic will increase the amount of vehicle emissions waste
however these are unlikely to cause physical health effects on facilities
local residents or waste facility workers. Though peaks in -/--
concentration can exacerbate the symptoms of those with
existing respiratory and cardiovascular difficulties especially in
New residual
older people and children.
treatment
The flow of waste traffic is likely to have a greater impact in rural waste facility
areas in terms of road congestion and movement and a greater in a rural area
impact in urban areas in terms of air quality.
-/--
This will also depend on whether waste vehicles are using
engines that use alternative such as liquid petroleum gas,
hydrogen or electricity. New residual
treatment
waste facility
The use of water and rail to move waste will reduce the road in an urban
traffic impacts described above. area
-
Education and learning There is unlikely to be any disruption to Excluding There is unlikely to be any disruption to existing local schools. Excluding
existing local schools from existing waste Though this is dependent on whether there are schools near to waste
landfills. collection, the site or on the routes used by waste traffic. collection,
For collection, recycling or composting recycling and Waste facility workers employed on the site are likely to gain recycling and
facility this is dependent on whether there composting experience and on-the-job training. composting
are schools near to the site or on the facilities. facilities.
If the operators link into local colleges and training schemes
routes used by waste traffic. then local people will have the opportunity to gain the skills to All the
There is an opportunity for wider education ~ be recruited to work in the waste facility as well as young people proposed
of the local community on waste issues if gaining work experience on employment-linked apprenticeship- new residual
community facilities are built alongside type training schemes. treatment
collection, recycling or composting waste
There is an opportunity for wider education of the local
facilities. facilities in
community on waste issues if community facilities e.g.
the region
education rooms with computing facilities and low/free rent
office space for local environmental groups are built in or ~/+/++
adjacent to the facilities enabling environmental awareness and
education programmes for local residents and school children to Individual
be undertaken and for local people to gain some direct benefits new residual
from the facility. treatment
waste
facilities
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+/++
Crime and safety There is unlikely to be any increase in Excluding There is unlikely to be any increase in crime because of the Excluding
crime because of the operation of the waste operation of the waste facilities. waste
waste facilities. collection, collection,
recycling and recycling and
composting composting
facilities. facilities.
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Health & social care services There is unlikely to be any additional Excluding There may be some minor effects on local health and social Excluding
impacts on local health and social care waste care services. waste
services. collection, Injured or unwell waste facility workers on site will use local collection,
Though injured or unwell waste facility recycling and hospitals and primary care centres. recycling and
workers on site at collection, recycling and composting composting
There a potential for an operational failure/sabotage in a
composting facilities will use local facilities. facilities.
thermal treatment plants – pyrolysis, gasification and mass burn
hospitals and primary care centres. incineration – leading to an explosion. All the
~ proposed
A serious incident plan for an operational failure/sabotage event
new residual
needs to be developed for these facilities.
treatment
waste
Women who are pregnant and women/couples trying to become facilities in
pregnant may become concerned about the possible health the region
effects of the waste facility and its emissions on their unborn ~/-
child. They may raise these issues with their
GP/obstetrician/midwife.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Shops and other retail There will be no additional impacts on Excluding There will be some positive impact on local shops and amenities Excluding
amenities local shops and amenities from passing waste from passing trade from waste facility workers. waste
trade from waste facility workers of collection, Some shops or retail amenities may be set up or be expanded collection,
existing landfills. recycling and specifically to serve the waste facility workers. recycling and
There will be some positive impact on local composting composting
shops and amenities from passing trade facilities. facilities.
from waste facility workers of collection, All the
recycling and composting facilities. ~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
Social capital and cohesion There are unlikely to be additional social Excluding The operation of waste facilities could have a positive or Excluding
capital and cohesion impacts from existing waste negative impact on the social capital and cohesion of local waste
landfills. collection, residents in the area. collection,
The operation of the landfills is unlikely to recycling and The two important effects on social capital tend to be: recycling and
give rise to additional nuisance effects composting composting
from those currently experienced e.g. facilities. facilities.
noise, dust, traffic and visual impacts. society/community benefits. All the
While some residents may still be ~ proposed
The sense of stigma at that they and their communities are
concerned about the landfills most are new residual
likely to have become used to them and treatment
have either come to accept or tolerate waste
them. How much acceptance/toleration facilities in
there is will depend on how well managed the region
the site is and how well complaints are --/-/+/++
dealt with.
There is likely to be more support and less Individual
concern for collection, recycling and new residual
facility.
composting facilities. treatment
The type of facility: incinerators are likely to cause greater
waste
facilities
anaerobic digestion and composting facilities. And these in turn -/+/++
are likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civic
amenities and transfer stations. New residual
The size of the facility, larger ones cause greater concern. treatment
There is a potential for a coordinated and systematic approach waste facility
to identifying, planning and siting facilities to reduce concerns in a rural area
and reduce negative impacts and potentially enhance social -/+/++
cohesion and social capital.
New residual
Though community protest can bring people together and treatment
increase social capital and cohesion over the short term over waste facility
the longer term the negative context, the different views of in an urban
residents and the sense of helplessness tends to breakdown area
social capital and cohesion. -/+/++
Social capital and cohesion However, over the longer term (5 years into the operational
continued… phase) it is likely that local people will have come to a) accept
the facility because the impacts are not as great as they feared;
b) tolerate the facility in the sense that they still dislike it and
don’t want it in their neighbourhood but having no choice except
to move out have learnt to live with the facility; and c) have
moved out of the area. Critical to this will be how well
complaints are handled and dealt with and how much influence
local residents have over the operation of the facility.
Culture and leisure Existing culture and leisure facilities are Excluding Existing culture and leisure facilities are unlikely to be affected Excluding
unlikely to be affected by the operation of waste by the operation of the waste facility and associated traffic. waste
existing landfills and associated traffic. collection, May lead to a reduction in physical activity and time spent collection,
They are also unlikely to be affected by recycling and outdoors for older people and children as a) local roads are, or recycling and
any new collection, recycling and composting are seen to be, dangerous and difficult to cross and b) the composting
composting facilities. facilities. neighbourhood more polluted. facilities.
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Lifestyle and daily routines There is likely to be some disruption of Excluding There is likely to be some disruption of movement due to the Excluding
movement due to the additional waste waste waste traffic. waste
traffic to existing landfills. collection, This will be dependent on the amount of waste traffic and the collection,
There will also be additional traffic to and recycling and days and hours of operation of the facility. recycling and
from collection, recycling and composting composting composting
This will be dependent on a how the waste traffic is managed
facilities. facilities. facilities.
and the development of a route strategy for waste traffic for
There is likely to be some off-setting of each waste facility. All the
journeys to landfill by journeys to recycling ~/- proposed
and composting facilities. new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-/--
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Energy and waste There will be an increase in recycling and Excluding There will be an increase recycling and composting rates from Excluding
composting rates from current levels. waste current levels. waste
Waste will not be managed in a better or collection, collection,
more integrated way as landfill will be the recycling and recycling and
Waste will be managed in a more effective, efficient and
only disposal option. composting composting
integrated way.
However landfill will still be the main disposal mechanism.
All the
New waste treatment facilities produce less emissions than proposed
---
current ones. new residual
treatment
There will be some energy recovery. waste
The energy recovery can provide subsidised district/community facilities in
heating through a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or the region
refuse derived fuel (RDF) to be used by other industrial facilities. +
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
Land and spatial Existing landfills will be used and no new Excluding Industrial and waste facilities tend to reduce the visual amenity Excluding
landfills will be created. waste and aesthetic of a neighbourhood. This will depend on the size waste
New collection, recycling and composting collection, and design of the facility. collection,
facilities will be sited and built. recycling and recycling and
The current strategy for siting waste facilities is being
developed.
All the
However, there are some key principles being used in addition
~ proposed
to the proximity principle:
new residual
Site where there is available brownfield land. treatment
Site where there is access to road, rail and water networks that waste
are capable of transporting waste. facilities in
Site where a number of waste facilities can be co-located in a the region
waste eco-park (where they feed into each other). -/~/+/++
Site near existing waste and industrial facilities.
Individual
The new waste facility may replace an existing older and more new residual
polluting facility. treatment
waste
facilities
If there is food production occurring in the nearby area e.g.
farms or allotments then there may be contamination of the food -/~/+/++
grown through potential air, water and soil emissions from a
waste facility. New residual
treatment
The siting of a new facility may affect traveller communities who waste facility
use the site. in a rural area
-/~/+/++
There is a greater likelihood of siting in or near poor and
deprived neighbourhoods. This raises the issue of New residual
environmental justice where existing communities facing treatment
environmental burdens face the additional environmental waste facility
burdens from waste facilities and the cumulative burden of a in an urban
number of industrial facilities. area
-/~/+/++
Decommissioning Phase (20-30 years after the construction phase)
Decommissioning Phase Option 0: ‘Do Nothing’ strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed by impact
Overall Landfill will be the only significant method Excluding The decommissioning phase will be influenced by what the site Excluding
of treating and disposing of waste. waste will be used for in the future. The site could be used to build waste
Over the long term it will mean the collection, another waste facility, an industrial facility, a new housing collection,
extension of existing and the creation of recycling and development and so on. This assessment assesses the impacts recycling and
new landfills. This is prohibited under EU composting of decommissioning only and not what might potentially come composting
and national legislation and will mean the facilities. after. facilities.
payment of large fines for non-compliance. The decommissioning of the various waste facilities will occur at All the
+/++ different points in time. proposed
There are established procedures for decommissioning waste new residual
Those that cannot be extended or added
facilities. treatment
to will be decommissioned.
waste
In the case of landfill, decommissioning facilities in
will involve close monitoring of leachate Key issues will be: the region
and landfill gas emissions and the Contamination of the soil and ground on which the site of the +/++
remediation of the surface of the landfill. waste facility.
Houses and other developments have Contamination of ground water on the site.
been built on decommissioned landfills. Individual
Contamination of the machinery and equipment that makes up new residual
There can be concerns and potential
the waste facility. treatment
health and wellbeing issues in relation
building on disused landfills. Contamination of any office and outbuildings waste
Proposals for any new residual treatment waste or industrial facilities
facility on the site. +/++
Depending what other development is
planned for the site heavy lorry traffic is
likely to decrease. In the case of landfill, decommissioning will involve close New residual
monitoring of leachate and landfill gas emissions and the treatment
remediation of the surface of the landfill. waste facility
Depending on whether a new facility is
Houses and other developments have been built on in a rural area
proposed on the site, the decommissioning
phase is likely to be seen in a positive decommissioned landfills. +/++
light.
Depending on whether a new facility is proposed on the site, the New residual
decommissioning process is likely to be seen in a positive light. treatment
waste facility
Depending what other development is planned for the site in an urban
heavy lorry traffic is likely to decrease. area
+/++
Infectious diseases The decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding The decommissioning of the waste facilities (individually and Excluding
and new collection, recycling and waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread infectious diseases waste
composting facilities (individually and collection, to local residents or workers decommissioning the facility. collection,
cumulatively) is unlikely to cause or spread recycling and There is likely to be some dust, bioaerosols generated in some recycling and
infectious diseases to local residents or composting types of waste facilities, e.g. landfills and open windrow composting
workers decommissioning the facility. facilities. composting sites, but the levels of these are unlikely to lead to facilities.
See Option 1 issues. respiratory or other health problems. All the
~ The extent of the hazard to decommissioning workers will proposed
depend on the management of the decommissioning of the new residual
waste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; and treatment
availability and use of safety equipment and protective clothing. waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Non-infectious/chronic The decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding The decommissioning of the waste facilities (individually and Excluding
diseases and new collection, recycling and waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause non-infectious/chronic waste
composting facilities (individually and collection, diseases to local residents or workers decommissioning the collection,
cumulatively) is unlikely to cause non- recycling and facility. recycling and
infectious/chronic diseases to local composting There is likely to be some dust, bioaerosols generated in some composting
residents or workers decommissioning the facilities. types of waste facilities, e.g. landfills and open windrow facilities.
facility. composting sites, but the levels of these are unlikely to lead to All the
See Option 1 issues. ~ respiratory or other health problems. proposed
The extent of the hazard to decommissioning workers will new residual
depend on the management of the decommissioning of the treatment
waste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; and waste
availability and use of safety equipment and protective clothing. facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Physical injury and poisoning The decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding The decommissioning of the waste facilities (individually and Excluding
and new collection, recycling and waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause physical injury or poisoning to waste
composting facilities (individually and collection, local residents. collection,
cumulatively) is unlikely to cause physical recycling and There is a potential for the additional heavy decommissioning recycling and
injury or poisoning to local residents. composting lorry traffic to result in an increase in road traffic collisions. This composting
facilities. will depend on whether a route strategy and timetable for major facilities.
traffic movements is developed for each proposed new residual All the
~ treatment waste facility. Children are likely to be the most proposed
vulnerable group. The decommissioning traffic will replace the new residual
traffic generated during the operation phase. treatment
Some workers may be injured during the decommissioning of waste
the waste facilities from falls, falling objects, collisions, etc. facilities in
the region
There are also likely to be some hazardous substances on-site.
This again is likely to be a greater hazard for decommissioning ~/-
workers than for residents in the surrounding area.
The extent of the hazard to decommissioning workers will Individual
waste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; safe treatment
storage and usage of chemical; and availability and use of waste
safety equipment and protective clothing. facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
Mental health The decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding The decommissioning of waste facilities is likely to give rise to Excluding
and new collection, recycling and waste some nuisance effects for people living close to the site e.g. waste
composting facilities is likely to give rise to collection, noise, dust, traffic and visual impacts. collection,
some nuisance effects for people living recycling and Depending on whether a new facility is proposed on the site, the recycling and
close to the site e.g. noise, dust, traffic and composting decommissioning process is likely to be seen in a positive light. composting
visual impacts. facilities. facilities.
Waste facility workers are likely to have psycho-social stress
Depending on whether a new facility is related to the closing of a waste facility if their contracts are All the
proposed on the site, the decommissioning + ended, they are not supported and/or cannot find alternative proposed
process is likely to be seen in a positive employment. new residual
light. treatment
Waste facility workers are likely to have waste
psycho-social stress related to the closing facilities in
of a waste facility if their contracts are the region
ended, they are not supported and/or +
cannot find alternative employment.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
Population profile The decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding The decommissioning of waste facilities is unlikely to lead any Excluding
and new collection, recycling and waste increase in population in the local area. waste
composting facilities is unlikely to lead any collection, collection,
increase in population in the local area. recycling and recycling and
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Employment & economy If the decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding If the decommissioning involves existing waste facility workers Excluding
and new collection, recycling and waste losing their jobs then this would be a negative impact on those waste
composting facilities involves existing collection, workers and the local area. collection,
waste facility workers losing their jobs then recycling and The decommissioning may also affect businesses that recycling and
this would be a negative impact on those composting supported the operation of the waste facility which in turn may composting
workers and the local area. facilities. lead to wider job losses. facilities.
The decommissioning may also affect All the
businesses that supported the operation of -- proposed
Some decommissioning jobs may go to local people. This will
the waste facility which in turn may lead to new residual
depend on the availability of skilled people in the locality.
wider job losses. treatment
Businesses may also be set up specifically
construction/decommissioning skills and experience and those facilities in
to deal with activities related to the
who are currently unemployed or under-employed. the region
decommissioning of the waste facility..
Businesses may also be set up specifically to deal with activities -
related to the decommissioning of the waste facility.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Housing and accommodation The decommissioning of existing landfills Excluding The decommissioning of a waste facility is unlikely to affect Excluding
and new collection, recycling and waste housing and accommodation in the local area. waste
composting facilities is unlikely to affect collection, collection,
housing and accommodation in the local recycling and recycling and
area. composting composting
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Transport and connectivity There is unlikely to be any direct effects on Excluding There is unlikely to be any direct effects on people’s access to Excluding
people’s access to private and public waste private and public transport. waste
transport. collection, There will be decommissioning traffic and this will have some collection,
There will be decommissioning traffic and recycling and impact on the movement of private and public transport vehicles recycling and
this will have some impact on the composting depending on the transport links in the locality. composting
movement of private and public transport facilities. facilities.
This traffic will replace the trips generated during the operation
vehicles depending on the transport links phase. All the
in the locality. - proposed
The impacts will be similar to that in the operation phase.
The impacts will be similar to that in the new residual
operation phase. treatment
waste
facilities in
Depending what other development is the region
-
likely to decrease.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
existing local schools. waste If the waste facility operators have linked into local colleges and waste
If the waste facility operators have linked collection, training schemes then this local job and learning opportunity will collection,
into local colleges and training schemes recycling and disappear recycling and
then this local job and learning opportunity composting composting
If there are community facilities e.g. education rooms with
will disappear facilities. facilities.
computing facilities and low/free rent office space for local
If there are community facilities e.g. environmental groups then these would be lost. All the
education rooms with computing facilities ~/- proposed
and low/free rent office space for local new residual
environmental groups then these would be treatment
lost. waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-/--
crime because of the decommissioning of waste decommissioning of the waste facilities. waste
existing landfills and new collection, collection, collection,
recycling and composting facilities. recycling and recycling and
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Health & social care services There may be some minor effects on local Excluding There may be some minor effects on local health and social Excluding
health and social care services. waste care services. waste
Injured or unwell decommissioning collection, Injured or unwell decommissioning workers on site will use local collection,
workers on site will use local hospitals and recycling and hospitals and primary care centres. recycling and
primary care centres. composting composting
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Shops and other retail There is unlikely to be any impact during Excluding There is unlikely to be any impact during the decommissioning Excluding
amenities the decommissioning phase but local waste phase but local shops and amenities after decommissioning will waste
shops and amenities after collection, lose the passing trade from waste facility workers. collection,
decommissioning will lose the passing recycling and recycling and
trade from waste facility workers. composting composting
All the
~/- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
Social capital and cohesion The decommissioning of waste facilities Excluding The decommissioning of waste facilities could have a positive Excluding
could have a positive impact on the social waste impact on the social capital and cohesion of local residents in waste
capital and cohesion of local residents in collection, the area if no other waste or industrial facility was planned for collection,
the area if no other waste or industrial recycling and the site. If another facility was planned then it may have greater recycling and
facility was planned for the site. If another composting negative impacts on social capital and cohesion. composting
facility was planned then it may have facilities. This will depend on: facilities.
greater negative impacts on social capital All the
and cohesion. proposed
+/++ communities in the siting and planning process for a new
See Option 1 issues. residual treatment waste facility. new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
are likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civic ++
amenities and transfer stations.
The size of the facility, larger ones cause greater concern. Individual
There is a potential for a coordinated and systematic approach new residual
to identifying, planning and siting facilities to reduce concerns treatment
and reduce negative impacts and potentially enhance social waste
cohesion and social capital. facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
unlikely to be affected by the waste by the decommissioning of a waste facility and associated waste
decommissioning of existing landfills and collection, traffic. collection,
new collection, recycling and composting recycling and May lead to a reduction in children’s outdoor play as recycling and
facilities and associated traffic. composting parents/guardians see local roads as more dangerous. composting
Landfills may be turned into open facilities. facilities.
The remediated waste site may be turned into open
greenspace. greenspace. All the
~/+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
movement due to the decommissioning waste decommissioning traffic. waste
traffic. collection, This will be dependent on the amount of decommissioning traffic collection,
See Option 1 issues. recycling and and the days and hours of work for the decommissioning. recycling and
This may cause physical severance for older people and
children as local roads are, or are seen to be, dangerous and
difficult to cross. All the
~/- proposed
This will be dependent on how the decommissioning traffic is
new residual
managed and the development of a route strategy for waste
treatment
traffic for each waste facility.
waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
Energy and waste See Option 1issues. Excluding This will depend on: Excluding
waste Whether waste from the site is reused and recycled. waste
collection, collection,
The amount of demolition and decommissioning waste sent
elsewhere.
facilities. How the soil and water on the site are remediated in and around facilities.
the site.
All the
Whether materials and equipment from the site can be reused, proposed
~/+
recycled or recovered. new residual
The types of decommissioning vehicles used. treatment
The energy and waste strategy developed for the waste
decommissioning phase of the waste facility. facilities in
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
Land and spatial The remediation of the site during Excluding The remediation of the site during decommissioning should Excluding
decommissioning should ensure that the waste ensure that the site is free from significant contamination and waste
site is free from significant contamination collection, suitable for any use (with the exception of food production) collection,
and suitable for any use (with the recycling and recycling and
exception of food production). composting composting
All the
+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy

Detailed HIA Analysis Tables OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy Page 60
Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of OPTION 2 (A, B &C):
Energy from Waste-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: ‘Do Nothing’ Strategy
Legend
will still arise.
Construction Phase (between 2-5 years for each facility)
Option 2 (A, B, C & D): Energy from Waste-led strategy

high levels of thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill
Inert Landfill Sites needed across Wales facilities. There will be a large increase in the number of new residual facilities.
will be the same for all the Options 0-4 and thermal treatment facilities.
for each waste region and local authority
no Of the four sub-options 2A, 2B, 2C & 2D it is likely that there will proposed
be greatest community concern about Option 2C (Incineration
with energy recovery), followed by Options 2B (Pyrolysis) and
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will there is 2D (Gasification), with Anaerobic Digestion facilities and waste
mean there will be no new residual enough composting and recycling facilities raising the lowest level of facilities in
treatment waste facilities which will mean landfill space concern. the region
less communities concerned about the (void) for the --/---
proposed siting of a new residual predicted
treatment waste facility. waste
residual treatment
treatment waste
waste facilities
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting but the levels of these are unlikely to lead to respiratory or other composting
construction impacts. facilities. health problems. facilities.
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Physical injury and poisoning Excluding waste collection, recycling and Excluding The construction of waste facilities (individually and Excluding
composting facility impacts which are the waste cumulatively) is unlikely to cause physical injury or poisoning to waste
facilities in
the region
workers than for residents in the surrounding area. -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
assessment only as in reality even the ~ anxiety, anger and, in the longer term, stigma in at least some All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the sections of the local community. This could lead to significant proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. psycho-social stress and mental health effects. new residual
Furthermore if there is large or strong opposition to the siting of treatment
a waste facility then there is likely to be considerable worry, waste
anxiety and anger, in at least some sections of the local facilities in
community, which in turn leads to significant psycho-social the region
stress at a level to generate physical symptoms. --/---
Workers on the site can have psycho-social stress related to
their work depending on the quality of the contractors used and Individual
the terms and conditions under which they are employed. new residual
There is likely to be greater concern about proposed treatment
incinerators, pyrolysis and gasification facilities than for waste
anaerobic digestion, composting and recycling facilities. facilities
Though there is also likely to be more concerns about open -/--
New residual
Of the four sub-options 2A, 2B, 2C & 2D it is likely that there will treatment
be greatest community concern about Option 2C (Incineration waste facility
with energy recovery), followed by Options 2B (Pyrolysis) and in a rural area
2D (Gasification), with Anaerobic Digestion facilities and -/--
composting and recycling facilities raising the lowest level of
concern.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities in
the region
++/+++
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Individual
sewage disposal.
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
the region
emissions however these are unlikely to cause physical health -/--
impact in rural areas than urban ones because rural roads are facilities
less good, the road network is sparser and the background -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
language courses for them. facilities in
the region
+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
---/--/-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
facility.
waste
---/--/-/+/++
in a rural area
to identifying, planning and siting facilities to reduce concerns ---/--/-/+/++
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
---/--/-/+/++
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and the days and hours of construction. recycling and
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/---
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/+/++
remediation of the site will remove hazardous substances from treatment
the site and the health hazard. waste
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
child pedestrians.
-/--
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
and derelict sites are brought back into productive use
--/---
.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
of treating and disposing of waste. waste The remaining waste will undergo high levels of heat treatment waste
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will collection, and all residual waste after this will be disposed of in landfill. collection,
also mean slightly less waste traffic as recycling and recycling and
Once the facilities are operational there are likely to be direct
there are no intermediate facilities after composting composting
nuisance impacts on residents in the local area depending on
recycling and composting for the residual facilities. facilities.
the type of waste facility. The major ones are likely to be noise,
treatment of waste. Therefore waste will pests/vermin, dust, litter and smell. All the
The major positive impacts will be the new jobs created in the
new residual treatment waste facilities, the economic
extension of existing and the creation of impacts from treatment
new landfills. existing waste
landfill only. facilities in
This is prohibited under EU and national recovered and the high levels of energy recovered from thermal
the region
legislation and will mean the payment of treatment.
large fines for non-compliance. The ++
-/-- In relation to the activities associated with the operation of the
payment of these fines would reduce waste facilities proposed there will be additional heavy vehicle
expenditure in other areas. traffic as waste trucks move to and from the facilities. The major Individual
negative impacts are likely to be from additional traffic and the new residual
increase in the potential for road traffic collisions, noise, treatment
dust/litter, smell and air pollution. waste
Of the four sub-options 2A, 2B, 2C & 2D it is likely that there will facilities
be greatest community concern about Option 2C (Incineration +/++
with energy recovery), followed by Options 2B (Pyrolysis) and
2D (Gasification), with Anaerobic Digestion facilities and
New residual
composting and recycling facilities raising the lowest level of
treatment
concern.
waste facility
There are examples of communities having protested against in a rural area
gasification and anaerobic digestion plants.
+/++
Similarly smaller plants are likely to generate less community
concerns than larger facilities and the extension of existing
facilities. New residual
treatment
Where there is community concern and protests it is likely that
waste facility
this will remain for between 5-10 years gradually ebbing away
in an urban
over that time. However, this will be dependent on the how well
area
run the facilities are and how well community complaints are
handled. +/++
However, the operation of open windrow recycling and Option 2D, Anaerobic digestion workers may be exposed to recycling and
composting sites and landfills can give rise composting bioaerosols and biological waste. composting
to bioaerosols that can cause infectious facilities. facilities.
The operation of open windrow composting sites and landfills
diseases in waste facility workers coming can give rise to bioaerosols that can cause infectious diseases
into contact with them. ~ in waste facility workers coming into contact with them. All the
The extent of the hazard to waste facility The extent of the hazard to waste facility workers will depend on proposed
workers will depend on the management the management of the operation of the waste facility; the new residual
of the operation of the waste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; and availability and treatment
adherence to health and safety protocols; use of safety equipment and protective clothing. waste
and availability and use of safety facilities in
equipment and protective clothing. the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
facilities in
the region
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
concerned about the landfills most are facilities. anxiety, anger and, in the longer term, stigma in at least some facilities.
likely to have become used to them and sections of the local community. This could lead to significant All the
have either come to accept or tolerate ~/- psycho-social stress and mental health effects. proposed
social stress related to their work --/---
depending on the quality of the contractors
incinerators, pyrolysis and gasification facilities than for
used and the terms and conditions under
anaerobic digestion, composting and recycling facilities. Individual
which they are employed.
There is also likely to be more concerns about open windrow new residual
There is likely to be more support and less treatment
composting compared to in-vessel composting and anaerobic
concern for collection, recycling and waste
digestion.
composting facilities. facilities
windrow composting than in-vessel composting. -/--
Of the four sub-options 2A, 2B, 2C & 2D it is likely that there will New residual
be greatest community concern about Option 2C (Incineration treatment
with energy recovery), followed by Options 2B (Pyrolysis) and waste facility
2D (Gasification), with Anaerobic Digestion facilities and in a rural area
composting and recycling facilities raising the lowest level of -/--
concern.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
Employment & economy It is unlikely that there will be any impacts Excluding It is likely that some or all of the operation related employment Excluding
on employment and the economy from waste will go to people in the locality of a waste facility. waste
existing landfills. collection, Some though are likely to go to workers from outside the locality collection,
It is likely that some or all of the operation recycling and especially in rural areas where there may not be enough skilled recycling and
related employment will go to people in the composting workers in the local area. composting
locality of a collection, recycling and facilities. facilities.
composting facility. relevant skills and whether the waste facility developer’s All the
It is likely that the continued reliance on -/-- recruitment drive proactively focuses on local and district waste proposed
landfills will lead to the EU levying fines for facility workers. new residual
non-compliance with the Landfill Directive. treatment
waste
There is also the loss of the economic operation e.g. maintenance and repair starts using local sub-
facilities in
potential of additional recycling and energy contractors and businesses allied to waste.
the region
recovery from the residual waste. Businesses, particularly re-use, recycling and recovery ones,
++/+++
waste
facilities
However, some existing and new businesses may not wish to New residual
be located near a waste facility and they may decide to move or treatment
not locate in the area. waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
businesses particularly in rural areas if a waste facility is sited
nearby. New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
New residual
treatment
-/--
treatment
waste facility
-
There is an opportunity for wider education ~ be recruited for to work in the waste facility as well as young proposed
of the local community on waste issues if people gaining work experience on employment-linked new residual
community facilities are built alongside apprenticeship-type training schemes. treatment
the region
waste
facilities
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+/++
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
the site is and how well complaints are --/-/+/++
dealt with.
facility.
waste
facilities
New residual
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
traffic to existing landfills. collection, This will be dependent on the amount of traffic and the days and collection,
There will also be additional traffic to and recycling and hours of operation of the facility. recycling and
There is likely to be some off-setting of difficult to cross. All the
treatment
each waste facility.
waste
facilities in
the region
-/--
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
integrated way.
There will be a reduced need for landfills.
All the
---
treatment
There will be considerable energy recovery from waste. waste
The energy recovery can provide subsidised district/community facilities in
heating through a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or the region
refuse derived fuel (RDF) to be used by other industrial facilities. ++/+++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
++/+++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
++/+++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
++/+++
developed.
All the
~ proposed
new residual
Individual
waste
facilities
treatment
-/~/+/++
There is an issue about environmental justice where existing
communities facing environmental burdens are likely to face New residual
additional environmental burdens from waste facilities treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/~/+/++
waste
light.
waste facility
+/++
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
~ respiratory or other health problems. proposed
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
composting facilities (individually and collection, local residents . collection,
~/- treatment waste facility. Children are likely to be the most proposed
the region
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
light. treatment
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
decommissioning of the waste facility.
Businesses may also be set up specifically to deal with activities --
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
composting facilities is unlikely to affect collection, Workers may move out of the area if no other similar or collection,
housing and accommodation in the local recycling and alternative local jobs are available. recycling and
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
waste
facilities in
-/--
likely to decrease.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
lost. waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-/--
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
All the
- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
are likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civic ++
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
~/+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
~/- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
elsewhere.
the site.
All the
~/+
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
All the
+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
OPTION 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): Mechanical Biological

Treatment/Biological Mechanical Treatment-led
(MBT/BMT) Strategy
Detailed HIA Analysis Tables OPTION 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): MBT/BMT Strategy Page 120
Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of OPTION 3 (A, B, C, D, E
& F): Mechanical Biological Treatment/Biological Mechanical Treatment-led (MBT/BMT) Strategy compared to
OPTION 0: ‘Do Nothing’ Strategy
Legend
will still arise.
Option 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): MBT/BMT-led strategy

MBT/BMT, some thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill
Inert Landfill Sites needed across Wales facilities. There will be a large increase in the number of new MBT/BMT facilities.
will be the same for all the Options 0-4 and facilities and a smaller increase in the number of thermal
for each waste region and local authority treatment facilities.
no proposed
Of the six sub-options 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E & 3F it is likely that
there will be greatest community concern about Option 3C
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will there is (Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 3A waste
mean there will be no new residual enough (Pyrolysis) and 3B (Gasification), with Options 3D (Off-site facilities in
treatment waste facilities which will mean landfill space energy use) and 3E (On-site Anaerobic Digestion) as well as the region
less communities concerned about the (void) for the MBT/BMT facilities in general generating the lowest level of --/---
proposed siting of a new residual predicted concern. This is assuming that Option 3F (Landfill) involves
treatment waste facility. waste disposal to existing landfills and not the to newly created ones.
an increase in waste traffic. However, residual This option has the highest recycling and treatment levels. treatment
treatment waste
waste facilities
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting but the levels of these are unlikely to lead to respiratory composting
construction impacts. facilities. problems. facilities.
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities in
the region
workers than for residents in the surrounding area. -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
stress at a level to generate physical symptoms. -/--/---
anaerobic digestion, MBT/BMTs, composting and recycling facilities
facilities. -/--
New residual
treatment
Of the six sub-options 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E & 3F it is likely that waste facility
there will be greatest community concern about Option 3C in a rural area
(Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 3A -/--
(Pyrolysis) and 3B (Gasification), with Options 3D (Off-site
energy use) and 3E (On-site Anaerobic Digestion) as well as
MBT/BMT facilities in general generating the lowest level of New residual
concern. This is assuming that Option 3F (Landfill) involves treatment
disposal to existing landfills and not the to newly created ones. waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities in
the region
+++
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Individual
sewage disposal.
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
the region
impact in rural areas than urban ones ones because rural roads facilities
are less good, the road network is sparser and the background -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
language courses for them. facilities in
the region
+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
facility.
waste
--/-/+/++
in a rural area
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
--/-/+/++
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and the days and hours of construction.. recycling and
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/---
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
child pedestrians.
-/--
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
and derelict sites are brought back into productive use
--/---
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
of treating and disposing of waste. waste The remaining waste will undergo either Mechanical then waste
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will collection, Biological Treatment or Biological then Mechanic Treatment. collection,
also mean slightly less waste traffic as recycling and For some of the Sub-Options the remaining waste will undergo recycling and
there are no intermediate facilities after composting further heat treatment. All remaining (residual) waste after composting
recycling and composting for the residual facilities. treatment will be disposed in landfill. facilities.
treatment of waste. Therefore waste will This option has the highest recycling and treatment levels. All the
Once the facilities are operational there are likely to be direct treatment
extension of existing and the creation of impacts from
nuisance impacts on residents in the local area depending on waste
new landfills. existing
the type of waste facility. The major ones are likely to be noise, facilities in
This is prohibited under EU and national landfill only.
pests/vermin, dust, litter and smell. the region
legislation and will mean the payment of
The major positive impacts will be the new jobs created in the ++/+++
large fines for non-compliance. The -/-- new residual treatment waste facilities, the economic
recovered and the high levels of energy recovered from thermal new residual
treatment. treatment
waste
facilities
traffic as waste trucks move to and from the facilities. The major +/++
negative impacts are likely to be from additional traffic and the
increase in the potential for road traffic collisions, noise, New residual
dust/litter, smell and air pollution. treatment
Of the six sub-options 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E & 3F it is likely that waste facility
(Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 3A +/++
(Pyrolysis) and 3B (Gasification), with Options 3D (Off-site
energy use) and 3E (On-site Anaerobic Digestion) as well as
MBT/BMT facilities in general generating the lowest level of New residual
concern. This is assuming that Option 3F (Landfill) involves treatment
disposal to existing landfills and not the to newly created ones. waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Overall (continued) There are examples of communities having protested against
Similarly smaller plants are likely to generate less community
facilities. Where there is community concern and protests it is
likely that this will remain for between 5-10 years gradually
ebbing away over that time. However, this will be dependent on
the how well run the facilities are and how well community
complaints are handled.
However, the operation of open windrow recycling and In Option 2E, Anaerobic Digestion workers may be exposed to recycling and
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
facilities in
the region
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
social stress related to their work -/--/---
anaerobic digestion, MBT/BMTs, composting and recycling Individual
facilities. new residual
-/--
Of the six sub-options 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E & 3F it is likely that
(Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 3A New residual
(Pyrolysis) and 3B (Gasification), with Options 3D (Off-site treatment
energy use) and 3E (On-site Anaerobic Digestion) as well as waste facility
MBT/BMT facilities in general generating the lowest level of in a rural area
concern. This is assuming that Option 3F (Landfill) involves -/--
disposal to existing landfills and not the to newly created ones.
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
waste
facilities in
the region
++/+++
waste
facilities
in a rural area
+/++
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
New residual
treatment
-/--
treatment
waste facility
-
the region
waste
facilities
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+/++
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
the site is and how well complaints are --/-/+/++/+++
dealt with.
facility.
waste
facilities
New residual
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-/--
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
integrated way.
All the
---
treatment
There will be considerable further recycling and energy recovery waste
from waste. facilities in
The energy recovery can provide subsidised district/community the region
heating through a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or +++
refuse derived fuel (RDF) to be used by other industrial
facilities.. Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
++/+++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
++/+++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
++/+++
developed.
All the
~ proposed
new residual
Individual
waste
facilities
treatment
-/~/+/++
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/~/+/++
waste
phase is likely to be seen in a positive light decommissioned landfills. +/++
waste facility
+/++
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
the region
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
light. treatment
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
decommissioning of the waste facility.
Businesses may also be set up specifically to deal with activities --/---
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
waste
facilities in
-/--
likely to decrease.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
lost. waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-/--
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
All the
- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
are likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civic +/++
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
~/+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
~/- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
elsewhere.
the site.
All the
~/+
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
All the
+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
OPTION 4 (A, B, C, D & E): Mechanical Heat Treatment
(MHT)/Autoclave-led Strategy
Detailed HIA Analysis Tables OPTION 4 (A, B, C, D & E):MHT/Autoclave-led Strategy Page 181
Health impact matrix for the construction, operation and decommissioning phases of OPTION 4 (A, B, C, D &
E): Mechanical Heat Treatment (MHT)/Autoclave-led Strategy compared to OPTION 0: ‘Do Nothing’ Strategy
Legend
will still arise.
Option 4 (A, B, C, D & E): MHT/Autoclave-led strategy

Construction Phase Option 0: ‘Do Nothing’ strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed by MHT/ impact
Autoclave, some thermal treatment and then disposal to landfill
Inert Landfill Sites needed across Wales facilities. There will be a large increase in the number of new MBT/BMT facilities.
will be the same for all the Options 0-4 and facilities and a smaller increase in the number of thermal
for each waste region and local authority treatment facilities.
no proposed
Of the five sub-options 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E it is likely that
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will there is (Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 4A waste
mean there will be no new residual enough (Pyrolysis) and 4B (Gasification), with Option 4D (Off-site facilities in
treatment waste facilities which will mean landfill space energy use) as well as MHT/Autoclave facilities in general the region
less communities concerned about the (void) for the generating the lowest level of concern. This is assuming that --/---
proposed siting of a new residual predicted Option 4E (Landfill) involves disposal to existing landfills and not
treatment waste facility. waste the to newly created ones.
residual treatment
treatment waste
waste facilities
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities will be built, hence there will be no composting but the levels of these are unlikely to lead to respiratory composting
construction impacts. facilities. problems. facilities.
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
assessment only as in reality even the ~ treatment waste facility. The decommissioning traffic will replace All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the the traffic generated during the operation phase. proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. Local children could potentially gain access to a waste facility new residual
construction site and get injured. treatment
Some workers may be injured on the construction site from falls, waste
falling objects, collisions, etc. facilities in
the region
site. This again is likely to be a greater hazard for construction -/--
The extent of the hazard to construction workers will depend on Individual
the management of the construction of the waste facility; the new residual
adherence to health and safety protocols; safe storage and treatment
usage of chemical; and availability and use of safety equipment waste
and protective clothing. facilities
The hazard to residents, especially children ingesting or coming -
into contact with hazardous chemicals, will depend on the
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
stress at a level to generate physical symptoms. -/--/---
MHT/Autoclave, composting and recycling facilities. facilities
Though there is also likely to be more concerns about open -/--
New residual
Of the five sub-options 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E it is likely that treatment
there will be greatest community concern about Option 4C waste facility
(Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 4A in a rural area
(Pyrolysis) and 4B (Gasification), with Option 4D (Off-site -/--
energy use) as well as MHT/Autoclave facilities in general
generating the lowest level of concern. This is assuming that
Option 4E (Landfill) involves disposal to existing landfills and not New residual
the to newly created ones. treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
facilities in
the region
++/+++
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
Individual
sewage disposal.
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
extension and creation of new landfills.. new residual
the region
impact in rural areas than urban ones ones because rural roads facilities
are less good, the road network is sparser and the background -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
If the developers link into local colleges and training schemes
This assumption is for the purposes of this then local people will have the opportunity to gain the skills to
assessment only as in reality even the ~ be recruited for construction as well as young people gaining All the
implementation of Option 0 will involve the work experience on employment-linked apprenticeship-type proposed
extension and creation of new landfills. training schemes. new residual
language courses for them.. facilities in
the region
+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
---/--/-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
facility.
waste
--/-/+/++
in a rural area
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
--/-/+/++
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
assumes that no new waste treatment recycling and the days and hours of construction.. recycling and
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/---
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
--/-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/+/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
child pedestrians.
-/--
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
and derelict sites are brought back into productive use.
--/---
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
Operation Phase Option 0: ‘Do Nothing’ strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed by MHT/ impact
of treating and disposing of waste. waste The remaining waste will undergo either Mechanical then waste
Compared to the other options 1-4 this will collection, Biological Treatment or Biological then Mechanic Treatment. collection,
also mean slightly less waste traffic as recycling and For some of the Sub-Options the remaining waste will undergo recycling and
there are no intermediate facilities after composting further heat treatment. All remaining (residual) waste after composting
recycling and composting for the residual facilities. treatment will be disposed in landfill. facilities.
treatment of waste. Therefore waste will This option has the highest recycling and treatment levels. All the
Once the facilities are operational there are likely to be direct treatment
extension of existing and the creation of impacts from
nuisance impacts on residents in the local area depending on waste
new landfills. existing
the type of waste facility. The major ones are likely to be noise, facilities in
This is prohibited under EU and national landfill only.
pests/vermin, dust, litter and smell. the region
legislation and will mean the payment of
The major positive impacts will be the new jobs created in the ++/+++
large fines for non-compliance. The -/-- new residual treatment waste facilities, the economic
recovered and the high levels of energy recovered from thermal new residual
treatment. treatment
waste
facilities
traffic as waste trucks move to and from the facilities. The major +/++
negative impacts are likely to be from additional traffic and the
increase in the potential for road traffic collisions, noise, New residual
dust/litter, smell and air pollution. treatment
Of the five sub-options 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E it is likely that waste facility
(Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 4A +/++
(Pyrolysis) and 4B (Gasification), with Option 4D (Off-site
energy use) as well as MHT/Autoclave facilities in general
generating the lowest level of concern. This is assuming that New residual
Option 4E (Landfill) involves disposal to existing landfills and not treatment
the to newly created ones. waste facility
in an urban
There are examples of communities having protested against
area
+/++
Overall (continued) Similarly smaller plants are likely to generate less community
facilities.
Where there is community concern and protests it is likely that
this will remain for between 5-10 years gradually ebbing away
over that time. However, this will be dependent on the how well
run the facilities are and how well community complaints are
handled.
However, the operation of open windrow recycling and In Option 2E, Anaerobic Digestion workers may be exposed to recycling and
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
facilities in
the region
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
social stress related to their work -/--/---
MHT/Autoclave, composting and recycling facilities. Individual
Though there is also likely to be more concerns about open new residual
Of the five sub-options 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D and 4E it is likely that
-/--
(Incineration with energy recovery), followed by Options 4A
(Pyrolysis) and 4B (Gasification), with Option 4D (Off-site New residual
energy use) as well as MHT/Autoclave facilities in general treatment
generating the lowest level of concern. This is assuming that waste facility
Option 4E (Landfill) involves disposal to existing landfills and not in a rural area
the to newly created ones. -/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
waste
facilities in
the region
++/+++
waste
facilities
in a rural area
+/++
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
New residual
treatment
-/--
treatment
waste facility
the region
waste
facilities
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+/++
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
the site is and how well complaints are --/-/+/++/+++
dealt with.
facility.
waste
facilities
New residual
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-/--
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
integrated way.
All the
---
treatment
There will be considerable further recycling and energy recovery waste
from waste. facilities in
The energy recovery can provide subsidised district/community the region
heating through a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or +++
refuse derived fuel (RDF) to be used by other industrial facilities.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
++/+++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
++/+++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
++/+++
developed.
All the
~ proposed
new residual
Individual
waste
facilities
treatment
-/~/+/++
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/~/+/++

Decommissioning Phase Option 0: ‘Do Nothing’ strategy impact 50% recycling and composting followed by MHT/ impact
waste
light.
waste facility
+/++
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
vulnerable group. new residual
Some workers may be injured during the decommissioning of treatment
the waste facilities from falls, falling objects, collisions, etc. waste
facilities in
the region
This again is likely to be a greater hazard for decommissioning
workers than for residents in the surrounding area. ~/-
The extent of the hazard to decommissioning workers will
depend on the management of the decommissioning of the Individual
waste facility; the adherence to health and safety protocols; safe new residual
storage and usage of chemical; and availability and use of treatment
safety equipment and protective clothing. waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
light. treatment
ended, they are not supported and/or +/++
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
.Businesses, particularly re-use, recycling
and recovery ones, may also be set up
specifically to deal with activities related to
the decommissioning of the waste facility. Businesses, particularly re-use, recycling and recovery ones, --/---
the decommissioning of the waste facility.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-/--
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
waste
facilities in
-/--
likely to decrease.
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
-
lost. waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-/--
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-/--
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
All the
~ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~
All the
- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
are likely to cause greater concern than recycling facilities, civic +/++
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+/++
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+/++
~/+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
~/- proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
~/-
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/-
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/-
elsewhere.
the site.
All the
~/+
the region
~/+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
~/+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
~/+
All the
+ proposed
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities in
the region
+
Individual
new residual
treatment
waste
facilities
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in a rural area
+
New residual
treatment
waste facility
in an urban
area
+

Wales 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review HIA - Seperate Appendix of Detailed Analysis Tables - FINAL - 28-Mar-08

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Wales 3 Regional Waste Plans 1st Review HIA - Seperate Appendix of Detailed Analysis Tables - FINAL - 28-Mar-08

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Our Waste

• Martha Savage and Mike Pender, Denbighshire County Council

• Liz Green, Welsh Health Impact Assessment Support Unit (WHIASU)

• Rhiannon Jones, Environment Agency

• Janet Williams, Ty AVOW, Association of Voluntary Organisations in Wrexham

• Angela Tinkler and Jackie James, National Public Health Service

• Ceri Morris, Neath Port Talbot Council

• Stuart Newland, Caerphilly Council

• Simon Cottrill, Conwy County Council

• Adrian Jones, Welsh Assembly Government

Strategic HIA Report Authors:

• Claire Holman, Peter Brett Associates

• Laura Henworth, Peter Brett Associates

OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy Page 2

OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy Page 60

OPTION 1 (A, B &C): Landfill-led Strategy

Definition of the levels of potential impact

Significance Level Criteria

Option 1 (A, B & C): Landfill-led strategy

Decommissioning Phase (20-30 years after the construction phase)

OPTION 2 (A, B &C): Energy from Waste-led Strategy

Definition of the levels of potential impact

Significance Level Criteria

Option 2 (A, B, C & D): Energy from Waste-led strategy

OPTION 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): Mechanical Biological

Definition of the levels of potential impact

Significance Level Criteria

Option 3 (A, B, C, D, E & F): MBT/BMT-led strategy

Definition of the levels of potential impact

Significance Level Criteria

Option 4 (A, B, C, D & E): MHT/Autoclave-led strategy

Option 4 (A, B, C, D & E): MHT/Autoclave-led strategy

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