Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Infections
overcoming emerging challenge
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
10-03-2016
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
10-03-2016
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
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Nosocomial Infection
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Nosocomial
InfectionAn infection
contracted by a
patient or staff
member while in a
hospital or health care
facility (and not
present or incubating
on admission)
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Disinfection
DisinfectionThe
process of microbial
inactivation that
eliminates virtually all
recognized pathogenic
microorganisms, but not
necessarily all microbial
forms (e.g., spores)
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Sterilization
SterilizationThe use of physical
or chemical procedures to
destroy all microbial life,
including large numbers of
highly resistant bacterial
endospores. Procedures
include
Steam sterilization
Heat sterilization
Chemical sterilization
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Surgical incisions
Urinary tract (i.e.,
catheter-related)
Lower respiratory
tract
Bloodstream (i.e.,
catheter-related)
Aerobic gram-positive
cocci (Staphylococcus
aureas [MRSA],
enterococci [vancomycinresistant]),
Aerobic gram-negative
bacilli (Escherichia coli, P.
aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.,
and Klebsiella pneumoniae)
M. tuberculosis
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
V. cholerae
Lack of an IC infrastructure
and poor IC practices
(procedures)
Inadequate facilities and
techniques for hand hygiene
Lack of isolation precautions
and procedures
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General physician
Infectious disease specialist
Surgeon
Clinical microbiologist
Laboratory
Housekeeping
Pharmacy and central supply
Administration
Developing and
recommending policies and
procedures pertaining to
infection control
Recognizing and
investigating outbreaks of
infections in the hospital
and community
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Planning
Successful prevention and control
of infection requires careful
planning. The Infection Control
Committee is actively involved
with the planning and
implementation of new
procedures that pose a potential
infection control risk. For example,
it may provide guidance for the
set-up of an endoscopy lab or the
implementation of a new
procedure
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Planning
Its role in the planning
process is to examine the
proposal, identify
potential areas of
concern, and recommend
a course of action that
provides the best
method of infection
control.
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Monitoring
The Infection Control Committee
also monitors infectious
processes within the healthcare
facility. They track nosocomial
infections and incidents that
have the potential to cause
infections. They review infection
control statistics from the facility
in an effort to minimize risk,
identify problem areas, and
implement corrective actions.
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Monitoring
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When infections do
occur, the committee
undertakes
epidemiological
investigations to
determine the cause of
the problem and
recommends the
necessary education or
changes in protocols.
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Evaluating
Along with monitoring specific
incidents, the Infection Control
Committee also looks at the bigger
picture as it continually strives to
improve processes within the
facility. This is demonstrated by the
regular review of infection control
procedures for all departments. The
committee may also be called upon
to evaluate practices and provide
input regarding products and
protocols.
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Updating
Perhaps one of the biggest
challenges that all Infection
Control Committees face is
keeping current. The constant
advancement of medical
technology introduces changes at
all levels within the healthcare
facility, new bacterial strains
complicate and challenge older
infection control practices, and
new research often requires reexamination of established
procedures
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Updating
The Infection Control
Committee's purpose is to
provide guidance and leadership
through these changes. This
requires that all members of the
team strive to keep abreast of
changes within their area of
expertise. By keeping current,
they can assist the committee as
it works to manage its facility's
infection control policy
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Educating
Finally, as an integral part of its
leadership, the committee must
take an active role in staff
education. That role may be a
hands-on approach or it may be
an advisory role in partnership
with the facility's education
department. However it
functions, the committee must
set direction for staff education
and validation of that education.
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Responsibilities:
1. Advice staff on all aspects of
infection control and maintain a
safe environment for patients and
staff
2. Provide educational programmes
on the prevention of hospital
infection for all hospital personnel
3. Provide a basic manual of
policies and procedures and ensure
that local written guidelines based
on these are in existence
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Responsibilities:
Establish systems of surveillance
of hospital infection in order to
identify at-risk patients and
problem areas that need
intervention. Methods for
surveillance may include case
findings by ward rounds and
chart reviews, reviews of
laboratory reports, and targeted
prevalence of incidence survey
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Responsibilities:
Advise management of
patients requiring special
isolation and control
measures 6. Investigate and
control outbreaks of
infection in collaboration
with medical and nursing
staff
. Ensure that an antibiotic
policy is in existence
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Universal Precautions
Precautions that
protect the
patient/client, coworkers, and
community from
infection
Universal Precautions
Universal Precautions
Universal Precautions
Techniques
Wear gloves when
touching blood
touching mucous
membranes
performing venipuncture
touching body fluids of
any kind
Isolation Precautions
Isolation
condition of having limited
contact with others
Protective Isolation
guarding workers and visitors
from danger
Reverse Isolation
guarding the patient from
danger
Types of Isolation
Respiratory Isolation
protection from
airborne droplets
Types of Isolation
Enteric Isolation
solid body wastes
Strict Isolation
complete protection
Responsibilities:
Coordinate with the
hospital doctors and
administration
(managerial and
nursing), community
health doctors and
nurses and infection
control staff in adjacent
hospitals
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Hand Hygiene
Handwashing is one of the
most effective measures of
reducing infection and all
staff and visitors are asked
to wash their hands or use
the alcohol hand foam l
before and after seeing
relatives or patients. These
facilities are available
throughout our hospitals.
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If you have washed your hands you have contributed your best in
reduction of Nosocomial Infections
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References
The Infection Control Committee Farrah Lee, BSN, and Natalie Lind,
ACE Infection control today
CDC guidelines
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Attention of Viewers
I am thankful to many in the world who made me to achieve my desired goals faster than I thought,
having > 3-5 million health professionals share and utilize my knowledge for the benefit of mankind,
Today I wish to be freelancer to the world to create interest in Medical, Clinical and Diagnostic
Microbiology with more emphasis on Infectious diseases and Hospital associated Infection wish to be
your partner in educating many millions who know well the importance of Infectious diseases
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