187 Words - Vocabulary List - Vocabulary

3/3/2016
187wordsVocabularyList:Vocabulary.com
VOCABULARY LISTS
187 words
March 3, 2016 By Mr. Rathore (India)
1.
dodgy
of uncertain outcome; especially fraught with risk
dodgy / ddi $ d- / adjective British English informal
1 not working properly or not in good condition :
Norton Disk Doctor can perform miracles on a dodgy hard disk.
2.
inundated
covered with water
inundate / nndet / verb [ transitive ]
1 be inundated (with/by something) to receive so much of
something that you cannot easily deal with it all SYN swamp :
After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more
information.
3.
poltergeist
a ghost that creates disorder and noise
...world apparition an image of a dead person that someone sees
suddenly for a short time : He claimed to have seen an apparition
in the church. poltergeist a ghost that people cannot see, which
throws things or moves things around : The house was haunted by
a poltergeist that makes things move around all by themselves,...
4.
scavenge
clean refuse from
scavenge / skvnd, skvnd / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
1 if an animal scavenges, it eats anything that it can find : Pigs
scavenged among the rubbish. scavenge for rats scavenging for
food 2 if someone scavenges, they search...
5.
permeate
spread or diffuse through
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permeate / pmiet $ pr- / verb

1 [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ] if liquid, gas
etc permeates something, it enters it and spreads through every
part of it :
The smell of diesel oil permeated the air.
permeate through/into
Rain permeates through the ground to add to ground water
levels.
6.
revivify
give new life or energy to
revivify / rivvfa, rivvfa / verb ( past tense and past
participle revivified , present participle revivifying , third person
singular revivifies ) [ transitive ]
formal to give new life and health to someone or something :
The aim was to strengthen and revivify the Labour Party.
7.
rudimentary
being in the earliest stages of development
rudimentary / rudment ri, rudment ri / adjective
1 a rudimentary knowledge or understanding of a subject is very
simple and basic OPP sophisticated :
Gradually, I acquired a rudimentary knowledge of music.
my rudimentary German
2 rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic
and not advanced :
subsistence farming in its most rudimentary form
The classroom equipment is pretty rudimentary.
8.
paradigm
a standard or typical example
paradigm / prdam / noun [ countable ]
1 technical a model or example that shows how something works
or is produced
paradigm of
the basic paradigm of the family tree
2 formal a very clear or typical example of something
paradigm of
Pius XII remained the paradigm of what a pope should be.
paradigmatic / prdmtk / adjective
paradigmatically / -kli / adverb
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9.
ornery
having a difficult and contrary disposition
| She was passionate and wilful exactly the sort of creature a
man ought to avoid.
ornery American English behaving in an unreasonable and often
angry way, especially by doing the opposite of what people want
you to do : an ornery kid | Teenagers can be ornery and rude.
10.
repertoire
the range of skills in a particular field or occupation
repertoire / reptw $ -prtwr / noun [ countable usually
singular ]
1 all the plays, pieces of music etc that a performer or group knows
and can perform
in sbs repertoire
The group include some techno in their repertoire.
repertoire of
a wide repertoire of songs
2 the total number of things that someone or something is able to
do :
the behavioural repertoire of infants
11.
straddle
sit or stand astride of
straddle / strdl / verb [ transitive ]
1 to sit or stand with your legs on either side of someone or
something :
The photo shows him dressed in leather, straddling a motorbike.
12.
obfuscation
darkening or obscuring the sight of something
obfuscate / bfsket $ b- / verb [ transitive ] formal
to deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand
SYN confuse
obfuscation / bfske n $ b- / noun [ uncountable ]
13.
ebullience
overflowing with eager enjoyment or approval
ebullient / blint, b- / adjective formal
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very happy and excited :

My father is a naturally ebullient personality.
ebullience noun [ uncountable ]
14.
muggy
hot or warm and humid
AIR/WEATHER
damp slightly wet, especially in a cold unpleasant way : It was a
cold damp morning.
humid hot and damp in an unpleasant way : Florida can be very
humid in the summer.
muggy warm and damp and making you feel uncomfortable : This
muggy weather gives me a headache.
dank dank air is cold and damp and smells unpleasant used
especially about the air inside a room : The dank air smelled of
stale sweat.
15.
squeamish
excessively fastidious and easily disgusted
squeamish / skwim / adjective
1 easily shocked or upset, or easily made to feel sick by seeing
unpleasant things
2 the squeamish [ plural ] people who are squeamish :
His new novel is not for the squeamish .
squeamishness noun [ uncountable ]
16.
formal
in accord with established conventions and requirements
ramification / rmfke n, rmfke n / noun [
countable usually plural ] formal
an additional result of something you do, which may not have been
clear when you first decided to do it implications , implication :
an agreement which was to have significant ramifications for
British politics
ramification of
the practical ramifications of taking on a new job
legal/political/economic etc ramifications
the environmental ramifications of the road-building program
17.
incompatible
not in harmonious or agreeable combination
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| At first I felt a bit out of place.

incompatible two ideas or things that are incompatible cannot
exist or be done together.
18.
ramification
a development that complicates a situation
British politics
ramification of
19.
participle
a form of the verb used as an adjective
tread 1 / tred / verb ( past tense trod / trd $ trd / , past
participle trodden / trdn $ trdn / )
1 STEP IN/ON [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ] British
English to put your foot on or in something while you are walking
SYN step
tread in/on
Sorry, did I tread on your foot?
20.
wean
gradually deprive of mother's milk
wean / win / verb [ transitive ] to gradually stop feeding a baby or
young animal on its mothers milk and start giving it ordinary food
wean...
21.
strident
unpleasantly loud and harsh
strident / strad nt / adjective
1 forceful and determined, especially in a way that is offensive or
annoying :
strident criticism
2 a strident sound or voice is loud and unpleasant :
the strident calls of seagulls
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stridently adverb
stridency noun [ uncountable ]
22.
primordial
having existed from the beginning
primordial / pramdil $ -mr- / adjective formal
1 existing at the beginning of time or the beginning of the Earth :
the primordial seas
2 primordial feelings are very strong and seem to come from the
part of peoples character that is ancient and animal-like :
He was driven on by a primordial terror.
23.
conglomeration
a sum total of many heterogeneous things taken together
conglomeration / knlmre n $ -l- / noun [ countable ]
formal
a group of different things gathered together
conglomeration of
the loose conglomeration of artists known as L'cole de Paris
24.
incongruous
lacking in harmony or compatibility or appropriateness
incongruous / nkrus $ -k- / adjective
strange, unexpected, or unsuitable in a particular situation :
The new theatre looks utterly incongruous in its setting.
incongruously adverb
THESAURUS
unsuitable/not suitable not having the right qualities for a
particular person, purpose, or situation : These toys are not suitable
for children under 3.
25.
nebulous
lacking definite form or limits
nebulous / nebjls, nebjls / adjective formal
1 an idea that is nebulous is not at all clear or exact SYN vague :
Normality is a rather nebulous concept.
26.
gnaw
bite or chew on with the teeth
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gnaw / n $ n / verb [ intransitive, transitive always +

adverb/preposition ]
to keep biting something hard SYN chew :
Dexter gnawed his pen thoughtfully.
27.
camouflage
an outward semblance misrepresenting the nature of something
| The men had disguised the vessel as fishing boat.
camouflage to hide something by covering it with materials that
make it look like the things around it : We camouflaged the plane
by covering it with leaves.
28.
didactic
instructive, especially excessively
didactic / dadktk, d- / adjective
1 speech or writing that is didactic is intended to teach people a
moral lesson :
His novel has a didactic tone.
29.
expedition
an organized group of people undertaking a journey
2 I dont envy you/her etc spoken used to say that you are glad that
you are not in the bad situation that someone else is in
expedition / ekspd n, ekspd n / noun
1 [ countable ] a long and carefully organized journey, especially to
a dangerous or unfamiliar place, or the people that make this
journey :
an expedition to the North Pole
another Everest expedition
on an expedition
He went on an expedition to Borneo.
30.
epoch
a period marked by distinctive character
epoch / ipk $ epk / noun [ countable ] a period of history SYN
era : the Victorian epoch The kings death marked the end of an
epoch . the beginning of a new epoch THESAURUS A PERIOD IN
HISTORY period a particular...
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31.
scintillating
having brief brilliant points or flashes of light
scintillating / sntlet, sntlet / adjective
interesting, clever, and amusing :
scintillating conversation
a scintillating performance
32.
incendiary
capable of catching fire spontaneously
incendiary 1 / nsendiri $ -dieri / adjective
1 [ only before noun ] designed to cause a fire
incendiary bomb/device
The explosion seems to have been caused by an incendiary device.
33.
incandescent
emitting light as a result of being heated
incandescent / nkndes nt $ -kn- / adjective
1 very angry :
The prince was said to be incandescent with rage .
34.
nonchalantly
in a composed and unconcerned manner
Jill asked, trying to sound nonchalant.
nonchalance noun [ uncountable ]
nonchalantly adverb :
He smiled nonchalantly.
35.
era
a period marked by distinctive character
epoch / ipk $ epk / noun [ countable ] a period of history SYN
era : the Victorian epoch The kings death marked the end of an
epoch . the beginning of a new epoch THESAURUS A PERIOD IN...
36.
tread
put down or press the foot, place the foot
tread 1 / tred / verb ( past tense trod / trd $ trd / , past
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participle trodden / trdn $ trdn / )

1 STEP IN/ON [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition ] British
English to put your foot on or in something while you are walking
SYN step
tread in/on
Sorry, did I tread on your foot?
37.
charade
a word acted out in an episode of a game
charade / rd $ red / noun
1 charades [ uncountable ] a game in which one person uses
actions and no words to show the meaning of a word or phrase,
and other people have to guess what it is
2 [ countable ] a situation in which people behave as though
something is true or serious, when it is not really true :
Unless more money is given to schools, all this talk of improving
education is just a charade.
38.
criticize
point out real or perceived flaws
| Sheila walked into the museum, under the stern gaze of the
curator.
harsh punishing or criticizing someone in a way that seems very
severe, often too severe : Dont be too harsh on her shes only a
child.
39.
headstrong
habitually disposed to disobedience and opposition
| I wish youd stop being so pig-headed! headstrong very
determined to do what you want, often without thinking about the
results of your actions used especially about young people : As a
girl, she had been...
40.
damp
slightly wet
damp 1 / dmp / adjective 1 slightly wet, often in an unpleasant
way : Wipe the leather with a damp cloth. a cold, damp day ...
41.
scavenger
someone who collects things discarded by others
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...objects : There are people who live in the dump and scavenge
garbage for a living. scavenge for Women were scavenging for old
furniture. scavenger noun [ countable ] : Foxes and other
scavengers go through the dustbins.
42.
incandescence
light emission by a body as its temperature is raised
2 technical producing a bright light when heated :
the invention of the incandescent lamp
3 literary very bright :
incandescent flowers
incandescence noun [ uncountable ]
perdition / pd n $ pr- / noun [ uncountable ] old use
1 punishment after death
2 complete destruction or failure :
an alcoholic on the road to perdition
43.
chide
censure severely or angrily
chide / tad / verb [ intransitive and transitive ] written
to tell someone that you do not approve of something that they
have done or said SYN scold :
Edward, you are naughty, Dorothy chided.
chide somebody for (doing) something
She chided him for not responding to her Christmas cards.
44.
dishonest
deceptive or fraudulent
2 seeming to be false, dishonest, or not to be trusted :
One girl thought the men looked dodgy.
dodgy share dealings
3 involving risk or danger :
There were a few dodgy moments.
45.
exuberant
joyously unrestrained
exuberant / zjub rnt $ zu- / adjective
1 happy and full of energy and excitement :
an exuberant personality
2 exuberant decorations, patterns etc are exciting and
complicated or colourful :
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exuberant carvings
exuberance noun [ uncountable ] :
She needs to try and control her natural exuberance.
exuberantly adverb
46.
ostensibly
from appearances alone
ostensibly / stensbli, stensbli $ - / adverb
if something is ostensibly true, people say that it is true but it is
not really true SYN supposedly :
She stayed behind at the office, ostensibly to work.
47.
intrinsic
belonging to a thing by its very nature
intrinsic / ntrnsk, -zk / adjective
being part of the nature or character of someone or something
OPP extrinsic :
the intrinsic interest of the subject
intrinsic nature/quality/value/property of something
There is nothing in the intrinsic nature of the work that makes it
more suitable for women.
intrinsic to
Flexibility is intrinsic to creative management.
intrinsically / -kli / adverb :
Science is seen as intrinsically good.
48.
extrinsic
not forming an essential part of a thing
OPP extrinsic :
intrinsic to
49.
intrinsically
with respect to its inherent nature
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OPP extrinsic :
intrinsic to
50.
delirious
experiencing hallucinations
grotto / rt $ rto / noun ( plural grottos or grottoes ) [
countable ]
a small attractive CAVE
delirious / dlris / adjective
1 talking continuously in an excited or anxious way, especially
because you are ill :
He suffered an attack of malaria and was delirious.
51.
rumination
a calm, lengthy, intent consideration
2 technical if animals such as cows ruminate, they bring food back
into their mouths from their stomachs and CHEW it again
rumination / rumne n, rumne n / noun [
uncountable and countable ]
52.
inundation
an overwhelming number or amount
2 formal to cover an area with a large amount of water SYN flood :
The tidal wave inundated vast areas of cropland.
inundation / nnde n / noun [ uncountable and countable
]
53.
reconnaissance
the act of scouting
reconnaissance / rkns ns, rkns ns $ rk- / noun [
the military activity of sending soldiers and aircraft to find out
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about the enemys forces :

reconnaissance aircraft
a reconnaissance mission
wartime roles such as observation and reconnaissance
54.
diesel
an internal-combustion engine that burns heavy oil
permeate / pmiet $ pr- / verb
1 [ intransitive always + adverb/preposition, transitive ] if liquid, gas
etc permeates something, it enters it and spreads through every
part of it :
The smell of diesel oil permeated the air.
permeate through/into
Rain permeates through the ground to add to ground water levels.
55.
thrall
the state of being under the control of another person
thrall / rl $ rl / noun
in sbs/sths thrall ( also in thrall to somebody/something ) literary
controlled or strongly influenced by someone or something :
We have a congress that is in thrall to special interest groups.
56.
ruminate
reflect deeply on a subject
ruminate / rumnet, rumnet / verb [ intransitive ]
1 formal to think carefully and deeply about something
ruminate on/over
He sat alone, ruminating on the injustice of the world.
57.
subjugate
make subservient; force to submit or subdue
subjugate / sbdet, sbdet / verb [ transitive usually
passive ] formal
to defeat a person or group and make them obey you :
The native population was subjugated and exploited.
subjugated people/nation/country
subjugate somebody to somebody/something
Her own needs had been subjugated to (= not considered as
important as ) the needs of her family.
subjugation / sbde n, sbde n / noun [
uncountable ]
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58.
perpetuity
the property of being seemingly ceaseless
perpetuity / pptjuti, pptjuti $ prptu- / noun
in perpetuity law for all future time SYN forever :
The land had been promised to the Indian tribes in perpetuity.
59.
incognito
without revealing one's identity
incognito / nknit $ nknito / adverb
if a famous person does something incognito, they do it without
letting people know who they are disguise :
That night, Lenin travelled incognito to the party headquarters.
60.
shudder
tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement
shudder 1 / d $ -r / verb [ intransitive ]
1 to shake for a short time because you are afraid or cold, or
because you think something is very unpleasant :
Maria shuddered as she stepped outside.
shudder with
I shudder with embarrassment whenever I think about it.
shudder at
She shuddered at the thought that she could have been killed.
61.
plural
grammatical number category referring to two or more items
British politics
ramification of
62.
disguise
any attire that conceals the wearer's identity
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disguise 1 / dsaz / verb [ transitive ]

1 to change someones appearance so that people cannot
recognize them
disguise yourself as somebody/something
Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.
63.
clammy
unpleasantly cool and humid
| Make sure that the soil is moist.
clammy slightly wet and sticky, in an unpleasant way used
especially about someones skin : His hands were cold and
clammy.
64.
conceive
have the idea for
conceive / knsiv / verb 1 [ intransitive and transitive ] formal to
imagine a particular situation or to think about something in a
particular way (cannot) conceive of (doing) something Many
people cant conceive of a dinner without meat or fish. conceive
that He could not conceive that anything really serious could be...
65.
demure
affectedly shy especially in a playful or provocative way
demure / dmj $ -mjr / adjective
1 quiet, serious, and well-behaved used especially about women
in the past :
Old photos of Maggie show her young and demure.
66.
obliterate
remove completely from recognition or memory
obliterate / bltret / verb [ transitive ]
1 to destroy something completely so that nothing remains :
Hiroshima was nearly obliterated by the atomic bomb.
67.
harbinger
something indicating the approach of something or someone
harbinger / hbnd $ hrbndr / noun [ countable ] literary
or formal
a sign that something is going to happen soon
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harbinger of
These birds are considered to be harbingers of doom .
68.
inappropriate
not suitable for a particular occasion etc
| Some dogs end up in totally unsuitable homes.
not appropriate/ inappropriate not suitable for a particular
situation or purpose used especially about someone's behaviour
or language : Slang is not appropriate in an academic essay.
69.
vestige
an indication that something has been present
vestige / vestd / noun [ countable ] formal
1 a small part or amount of something that remains when most of
it no longer exists SYN trace
vestige of
The new law removed the last vestiges of royal power.
70.
brusque
marked by rude or peremptory shortness
brusque / brusk, brsk $ brsk / adjective
using very few words, in a way that seems rude SYN abrupt :
a brusque manner
brusquely adverb
brusqueness noun [ uncountable ]
71.
pillory
a wooden instrument of punishment on a post
...him to shreds. pan to strongly criticize a film, play etc in the
newspapers, on TV etc : Her first movie was panned by the critics.
be pilloried especially written to be strongly criticized by a lot of
people in the newspapers, on TV etc : He was pilloried in the rightwing press. condemn to say...
72.
dubious
fraught with uncertainty or doubt
THESAURUS
SEEMING TO BE DISHONEST
suspicious if someone or something seems suspicious, they make
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you think that something dishonest or illegal is happening : The

police are treating the boys death as suspicious.
dubious if something seems dubious, you think it may not be
completely true, right, or honest : He has a rather dubious
reputation.
73.
intrusion
entrance by force or without permission or welcome
intrusion / ntru n / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
1 when someone does something, or something happens, that
affects your private life or activities in an unwanted way
intrusion into/on/upon
I resented this intrusion into my domestic affairs.
the unwelcome intrusion of the press
2 when something comes into a place or situation and has an
unwanted effect :
the intrusion of badly designed new buildings in the historic high
street
74.
punitive
inflicting punishment
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + EXPEDITION
a scientific expedition He led the first major British scientific
expedition to the Amazon.
an Arctic/Antarctic expedition I accompanied the explorer on one of
his Arctic expeditions.
a military expedition The generals decided to launch a military
expedition to the region.
a punitive expedition (= one an army undertakes to punish
someone ) The Afghan army mounted a punitive expedition
against the local militia groups.
75.
inconvenient
not well timed
| He was dressed in a three-piece suit with an incongruous tie
shaped like a fish.
inconvenient an inconvenient place or time is not suitable and
causes problems for you : He always seems to call at inconvenient
times.
76.
crouch
the act of bending low with the limbs close to the body
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crouch / krat / verb [ intransitive ]

1 ( also crouch down ) to lower your body close to the ground by
bending your knees completely squat :
He crouched in the shadows near the doorway.
77.
torrential
relating to or resulting from the action of a downpour
herald 1 / herld / verb [ transitive ]
1 to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon :
A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.
78.
intimate
marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity
...Politicians were quick to condemn the bombing. intimate 1 /
ntmt, ntmt / adjective 1 RESTAURANT/MEAL/PLACE private
and friendly so that you feel comfortable : the intimate
atmosphere of a country pub an intimate meal for two The
collection has been moved from its intimate setting to the British
Museum.
79.
impetus
a force that moves something along
impetus / mpts, mpts / noun [ uncountable ]
1 an influence that makes something happen or makes it happen
more quickly
impetus for
The report may provide further impetus for reform.
80.
obstinate
marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield
obstinate / bstnt, bstnt $ b- / adjective
1 determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc,
even when other people think you are being unreasonable SYN
stubborn :
He was the most obstinate man Ive ever met.
81.
indomitable
impossible to subdue
indomitable / ndmtb l, ndmtb l $ nd- / adjective
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formal
having great determination or courage :
an indomitable old lady
indomitable spirit/will/courage etc
Alice was a woman of indomitable spirit.
82.
infallible
incapable of failure or error
infallible / nflb l, nflb l / adjective
1 always right and never making mistakes OPP fallible :
No expert is infallible.
an infallible memory
2 something that is infallible always works or has the intended
effect fail-safe :
He had an infallible cure for a hangover.
infallibly adverb
infallibility / nflblti, nflblti / noun [ uncountable ]
83.
exuberance
joyful enthusiasm
exuberant / zjub rnt $ zu- / adjective
2 exuberant decorations, patterns etc are exciting and complicated
or colourful :
exuberant carvings
exuberantly adverb
84.
ebullient
joyously unrestrained
ebullient / blint, b- / adjective formal
very happy and excited :
My father is a naturally ebullient personality.
ebullience noun [ uncountable ]
85.
rubble
the remains of something that has been destroyed
...hotel room while on drugs. obliterate formal to destroy a place so
completely that nothing remains : The nuclear blast obliterated
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most of Hiroshima. reduce something to ruins/ rubble/ashes to

destroy a building or town completely : The town was reduced to
rubble in the First World War. ruin to spoil something completely,
so that it cannot...
86.
vile
morally reprehensible
vile / val / adjective
1 informal extremely unpleasant or bad SYN horrible :
This coffee tastes really vile .
a vile smell
She has a vile temper .
87.
monstrous
distorted and unnatural in shape or size
monstrous / mnstrs $ mn- / adjective
1 very wrong, immoral, or unfair :
Its monstrous to charge that much for a hotel room.
88.
regress
go back to a previous state
regress / rres / verb [ intransitive ]
technical to go back to an earlier and worse condition, or to a less
developed way of behaving OPP progress :
The patient had regressed to a state of childish dependency.
89.
beleaguer
annoy persistently
beleaguered / blid $ -rd / adjective [ usually before noun ]
formal
1 experiencing a lot of problems or criticism :
the countrys beleaguered steel industry
2 surrounded by an army :
Supplies are being brought into the beleaguered city.
90.
boring
so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness
...adjective COLLOCATIONS ADJECTIVES an old clich He seemed to
believe that old clich about a womans place being in the home. a
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tired clich (= boring because it has been used so often ) The story
is based on a series of tired clichs. a worn-out clich (= very boring
) His writing is...
91.
docile
easily handled or managed
docile / dsal $ ds l / adjective
quiet and easily controlled :
Labradors are gentle, docile dogs.
docilely adverb
docility / dslti, dslti $ d- / noun [ uncountable ]
92.
portly
fairly fat
...Her mother was a plump cheerful woman. flabby having soft
loose skin that looks unattractive : a flabby stomach | Her body
was getting old and flabby. portly literary fat and round used
especially about fairly old men : The bishop was a portly middleaged gentleman.
93.
intuition
instinctive knowing, without the use of rational processes
intuition / ntju n $ -tu-, -tju- / noun
1 [ uncountable ] the ability to understand or know something
because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts SYN
instinct :
feminine intuition
Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
94.
stern
of a strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect
stern 1 / stn $ strn / adjective
1 serious and strict, and showing strong disapproval of someones
behaviour :
sterner penalties for drug offences
stern look/voice/expression etc
Wait!
95.
strenuously
strongly or vigorously
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2 active and determined :

Sherrys been making a strenuous effort to lose weight.
strenuously adverb :
Barrett strenuously denied rumors that he would resign.
96.
nip
sever or remove by pinching
| He was chewing on a cigar.
gnaw if an animal gnaws something, it bites it repeatedly : The dog
was in the yard gnawing on a bone.
nip somebody/give somebody a nip to give someone or something
a small sharp bite : When I took the hamster out of his cage, he
nipped me.
nibble to take a lot of small bites from something : A fish nibbled at
the bait.
97.
reverie
an abstracted state of absorption
reverie / revri / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
a state of imagining or thinking about pleasant things, that is like
dreaming daydream :
She was startled out of her reverie by a loud crash.
98.
apparition
a ghostly appearing figure
... n / noun [ countable ] something that you imagine you can see,
especially the spirit of a dead person : He stared at the strange
apparition before him. a ghostly apparition of a man
THESAURUS ghost the spirit of a dead person that some people
think they can feel or see in...
99.
unequivocally
in an unambiguous manner
...) The committee unanimously condemned the idea.
vehemently/vigorously/fiercely condemn something/somebody (= in
a very strong or angry way ) The educational reforms were
vehemently condemned by teachers. utterly/ unequivocally
condemn something/somebody (= very definitely and with no
doubts ) We utterly condemn any acts of violence.
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100.
shady
sheltered from the sun's rays
| It all sounds highly dubious to me. | the countrys dubious record
on human rights shady shady business deals or people seem to be
dishonest or connected with secret and illegal activities : Several
senior members of the party had been involved in shady deals....
101.
gimmick
any clever maneuver
gimmick / mk / noun [ countable ] informal
a trick or something unusual that you do to make people notice
someone or something used to show disapproval stunt :
advertising gimmicks
gimmicky adjective
gimmickry noun [ uncountable ]
102.
construe
make sense of; assign a meaning to
construe / knstru / verb [ transitive usually in passive ]
to understand a remark or action in a particular way
misconstrue
construe something as something
comments that could be construed as sexist
The term can be construed in two different ways.
103.
imperturbable
marked by extreme calm and composure
2 formal a large flood, or period when there is a lot of rain SYN
flood
imperturbable / mptbb l $ -prtr- / adjective
remaining calm and unworried in spite of problems or difficulties
SYN unflappable
imperturbably adverb
imperturbability / mptbblti, mptbblti $ -prtr- /
noun [ uncountable ]
104.
empirical
derived from experiment and observation rather than theory
empirical / mprk l / adjective [ only before noun ]
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based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP

theoretical , hypothetical :
empirical evidence
empirically / -kli / adverb
105.
erudite
having or showing profound knowledge
erudite / erdat, erdat / adjective
showing a lot of knowledge based on careful study SYN learned
eruditely adverb
erudition / erd n, erd n / noun [ uncountable ]
106.
aesthetic
characterized by an appreciation of beauty or good taste
aesthetic 1 , esthetic / isetk, es- $ es- / adjective
connected with beauty and the study of beauty :
From an esthetic point of view, its a nice design.
a work of great aesthetic appeal
aesthetically / -kli / adverb :
aesthetically pleasing
107.
imbibe
take in liquids
imbibe / mbab / verb [ intransitive and transitive ] formal
1 to drink something, especially alcohol sometimes used
humorously :
Both men imbibed considerable quantities of gin.
108.
nonchalance
the trait of remaining calm and seeming not to care
109.
imbue
spread or diffuse through
imbue / mbju / verb
imbue somebody/something with something phrasal verb formal
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to make someone or something have a quality, idea, or emotion

very strongly :
His philosophical writings are imbued with religious belief.
110.
cog
tooth on the rim of gear wheel
in cognito / nknit $ nknito / adverb
if a famous person does something incognito, they do it without
letting people know who they are disguise :
That night, Lenin travelled incognito to the party headquarters.
111.
stubborn
tenaciously unwilling to yield
obstinate / bstnt, bstnt $ b- / adjective
1 determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc,
even when other people think you are being unreasonable SYN
stubborn :
He was the most obstinate man Ive ever met.
112.
misconstrue
interpret in the wrong way
construe / knstru / verb [ transitive usually in passive ]
to understand a remark or action in a particular way
misconstrue
construe something as something
comments that could be construed as sexist
The term can be construed in two different ways.
113.
mortified
made to feel uncomfortable because of shame or wounded pride
mortified / mtfad, mtfad $ mr- / adjective
extremely offended, ashamed, or embarrassed
mortified to hear/find etc
Nora was mortified to discover that her daughter had been out
drinking.
mortification / mtfke n, mtfke n $ mr- / noun [
uncountable ]
114.
prodigious
so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe
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prodigious / prdds / adjective [ usually before noun ]

very large or great in a surprising or impressive way
prodigious amounts/quantities of something
Some galaxies seem to release prodigious amounts of energy.
the artists prodigious output
prodigiously adverb
115.
lout
an awkward stupid person
yob / jb $ jb / ( also yobbo / jb $ jbo / ) noun [
countable ] British English
a rude noisy and sometimes violent young man SYN lout :
drunken yobbos
116.
sonorous
full and loud and deep
sonorous / snrs, snrs $ snrs, snrs / adjective
literary
having a pleasantly deep loud sound :
a sonorous voice
sonorously adverb
117.
vandal
someone who willfully destroys or defaces property
| The plane crashed into a suburb of Paris, demolishing several
buildings.
flatten to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing
it etc, so that nothing is left standing : The town centre was flattened
by a 500 lb bomb.
wreck to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a
room or building : The toilets had been wrecked by vandals.
118.
grotto
a small cave, usually with attractive features
grotto / rt $ rto / noun ( plural grottos or grottoes ) [
countable ]
a small attractive CAVE
delirious / dlris / adjective
1 talking continuously in an excited or anxious way, especially
because you are ill :
He suffered an attack of malaria and was delirious.
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119.
iridescent
varying in color when seen in different lights
...very difficult to understand iridescent / rdes nt, rdes
nt / adjective formal showing colours that seem to change in
different lights : small iridescent blue flies iridescence noun [
uncountable ] elongate / ilet $ l- / verb [ intransitive and
transitive ] to become longer, or make something...
120.
slender
having little width in proportion to the length or height
slender / slend $ -r / adjective
1 thin in an attractive or graceful way SYN slim :
She is slender and stylish.
121.
demolish
destroy completely
| The countrys economy has been devastated by years of fighting.
demolish to completely destroy a building, either deliberately or by
accident : The original 15th century house was demolished in
Victorian times.
122.
diminution
change toward something smaller or lower
diminution / dmnju n, dmnju n $ -nu- / noun [
uncountable and countable ] formal
a reduction in the size, number, or amount of something
diminution of/in
a diminution in value
123.
brusquely
in a blunt direct manner
brusque / brusk, brsk $ brsk / adjective
using very few words, in a way that seems rude SYN abrupt :
a brusque manner
brusquely adverb
brusqueness noun [ uncountable ]
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124.
surreptitiously
in a secretive manner
Thats none of your business.
surreptitious / srpts $ s- / adjective
done secretly or quickly because you do not want other people to
notice :
Rory tried to sneak a surreptitious glance at Adams wristwatch.
surreptitiously adverb
surreptitiousness noun [ uncountable ]
125.
envy
a desire to have something that is possessed by another
...to political tensions. [ sentence adverb ] Inevitably, the situation
did not please everyone. envy 1 / envi / verb ( past tense and past
participle envied , present participle envying , third person
singular envies ) [ transitive ] 1 to wish that you had someone elses
possessions, abilities etc : I really...
126.
obese
excessively fat
Large is more common than big in written English : My father was a
big man. | two large ladies obese extremely fat in a way that is
dangerous to your health : He went to a summer camp for obese
teenagers. chubby slightly fat in a nice-looking way...
127.
indefatigable
showing sustained enthusiasm with unflagging vitality
indefatigable / ndftb l / adjective formal
determined and never giving up SYN tireless :
an indefatigable campaigner for human rights
indefatigably adverb
enigma / nm / noun [ countable ]
someone or something that is strange and difficult to understand
SYN mystery :
The neighbours regarded him as something of an enigma.
128.
forage
collect or look around for, as food
COLLOCATIONS
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Meaning 2
NOUN + EXPEDITION
a shopping expedition (= when you go shopping ) I took Mary and
the kids on a shopping expedition into Manchester.
a fishing expedition Were organizing a fishing expedition to the lake
for next week.
a hunting expedition He was joined on his hunting expedition by
two local guides.
a foraging expedition (= when you search for food ) On our
foraging expedition into the woods, we found mushrooms and
wild berries.
129.
infallibility
the quality of never making an error
effect fail-safe :
infallibly adverb
130.
inhale
draw deep into the lungs in by breathing
inhale / nhel / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
to breathe in air, smoke, or gas OPP exhale :
It is dangerous to inhale ammonia fumes.
131.
subjugation
forced submission to control by others
passive ] formal
uncountable ]
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132.
contrived
showing effects of planning or manipulation
contrived / kntravd / adjective
seeming false and not natural :
The characters are as contrived as the plot.
133.
strenuous
taxing to the utmost; testing powers of endurance
strenuous / strenjus / adjective
1 needing a lot of effort or strength :
a strenuous climb
The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.
134.
undulation
wavelike motion
undulate / ndjlet, ndjlet $ -d- / verb [ intransitive ]
formal to move or be shaped like waves that are rising and falling :
undulating hills
undulation / ndjle n, ndjle n $ -d- / noun [
135.
vehemently
in a fierce manner
...condemn something/somebody Army officers openly condemned
the war. unanimously condemn something/somebody (= with the
agreement of all the people involved ) The committee unanimously
condemned the idea. vehemently/vigorously/fiercely condemn
something/somebody (= in a very strong or angry way ) The
educational reforms were vehemently condemned by teachers.
utterly/unequivocally condemn something/somebody (= very
definitely and with no...
136.
willful
done by design
...actions used especially about young people : As a girl, she had
been lively and headstrong. | the headstrong impulsiveness of
youth wilful British English ( also willful American English ) doing
what you want, even after you have been told to stop, or when you
know that it is wrong used especially about children :...
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137.
inviolable
incapable of being transgressed or dishonored
inviolable / nvalb l / adjective formal
an inviolable right, law, principle etc is extremely important and
should be treated with respect and not broken or removed
inviolability / nvalblti, nvalblti / noun [ uncountable ]
:
the inviolability of the countrys borders
138.
erudition
profound scholarly knowledge
erudite / erdat, erdat / adjective
showing a lot of knowledge based on careful study SYN learned
eruditely adverb
erudition / erd n, erd n / noun [ uncountable ]
139.
sullen
showing a brooding ill humor
sullen / sln / adjective
1 angry and silent, especially because you feel life has been unfair
to you morose :
Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his lunch.
a look of sullen resentment
2 literary a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is
coming SYN overcast
sullenly adverb
sullenness noun [ uncountable ]
140.
delude
be dishonest with
delude / dlud / verb [ transitive ]
to make someone believe something that is not true SYN deceive :
I was angry with him for trying to delude me.
delude somebody/yourself into doing something
It is easy to delude yourself into believing youre in love.
141.
ghostly
resembling or characteristic of a phantom
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...countable ] something that you imagine you can see, especially

the spirit of a dead person : He stared at the strange apparition
before him. a ghostly apparition of a man THESAURUS ghost the
spirit of a dead person that some people think they can feel or see
in a place : His ghost...
142.
herald
(formal) a person who announces important news
herald 1 / herld / verb [ transitive ]
1 to be a sign of something that is going to come or happen soon :
A flash of lightning heralded torrential rain.
143.
devastate
cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
| The twin towers were destroyed in a terrorist attack.
devastate to damage a large area very badly and destroy many
things in it : Allied bombings in 1943 devastated the city.
144.
subsistence
the state of existing in reality; having substance
2 rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic and
not advanced :
145.
warily
in a manner marked by keen caution and watchful prudence
2 tread carefully/ warily/cautiously etc to be very careful about
what you say or do in a difficult situation :
If I wanted to keep my job, I knew Id have to tread lightly.
146.
deluge
a heavy rain
deluge 1 / deljud / noun [ countable ]
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1 [ usually singular ] a large amount of something such as letters or

questions that someone gets at the same time SYN flood
deluge of
Viewers sent a deluge of complaints about the show.
147.
devise
a will disposing of real property
| I wonder who dreamt up that idea!
devise formal to invent a way of doing something, especially one
that is clever or complicated : This system was devised as a way of
measuring students progress.
conceive formal to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in
your mind : The project was originally conceived by a Dutch
businessman two years ago.
148.
surreptitious
marked by quiet and caution and secrecy
Thats none of your business.
surreptitious / srpts $ s- / adjective
done secretly or quickly because you do not want other people to
notice :
Rory tried to sneak a surreptitious glance at Adams wristwatch.
surreptitiously adverb
surreptitiousness noun [ uncountable ]
149.
hypothetical
a conjectural possibility or circumstance
empirical / mprk l / adjective [ only before noun ]
based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP
theoretical , hypothetical :
empirical evidence
empirically / -kli / adverb
150.
perdition
the place or state in which one suffers eternal punishment
2 technical producing a bright light when heated :
the invention of the incandescent lamp
3 literary very bright :
incandescent flowers
incandescence noun [ uncountable ]
perdition / pd n $ pr- / noun [ uncountable ] old use
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1 punishment after death

2 complete destruction or failure :
an alcoholic on the road to perdition
151.
implication
something that is inferred
clear when you first decided to do it implications , implication
:
British politics
ramification of
152.
attractive
pleasing to the eye or mind as through beauty or charm
4 peaches and cream used to describe skin that is an attractive
pink colour :
a peaches and cream complexion
153.
exploited
developed or used to greatest advantage
passive ] formal
uncountable ]
154.
rant
talk in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner
exube rant / zjub rnt $ zu- / adjective
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2 exuberant decorations, patterns etc are exciting and complicated
or colourful :
exuberant carvings
exuberantly adverb
155.
porridge
soft food made by boiling meal or legumes in water or milk
porridge / prd $ p-, p- / noun [ uncountable ]
1 OATS that are cooked with milk or water and served hot for
breakfast SYN oatmeal American English
2 British English informal a period of time spent in prison
do porridge (= spend time in prison )
156.
disembark
go ashore
embark / mbk $ -rk / verb [ intransitive and transitive ]
to go onto a ship or a plane, or to put or take something onto a
ship or plane OPP disembark
embarkation / embken $ -br- / noun [ uncountable and
countable ]
embark on/upon something phrasal verb
to start something, especially something new, difficult, or exciting :
He embarked on a new career as a teacher.
157.
botanical
of or relating to plants
...expedition ( also embark on an expedition formal ) (= leave at the
start of an expedition ) Trent set off on an expedition to collect
plants with fellow botanical students. mount/launch an expedition
(= plan, organize, and begin an expedition ) Ornithologists are
mounting an expedition to the island in order to study the birds.
158.
sophisticated
having worldly knowledge and refinement
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2 rudimentary equipment, methods, systems etc are very basic and
not advanced :
159.
exhausted
depleted of energy, force, or strength
knackered / nkd $ -rd / adjective British English spoken
informal
1 extremely tired SYN exhausted
2 too old or broken to use SYN clapped-out British English :
a knackered old bike
THESAURUS
tired feeling that you want to sleep or rest : I was really tired the
next day. | the tired faces of the children
exhausted extremely tired : I was exhausted after the long trip
home.
160.
sting
deliver a sudden pain to
| He was chomping away on big slice of toast.
sting if an insect stings you, it makes a very small hole in your
skin.
161.
curator
the custodian of a collection, as a museum or library
| Sheila walked into the museum, under the stern gaze of the
curator.
harsh punishing or criticizing someone in a way that seems very
severe, often too severe : Dont be too harsh on her shes only a
child.
162.
conjunction
the state of being joined together
whilst / walst / conjunction British English formal
WHILE
THESAURUS
while during the time that you are doing something, or something
is happening : I bought a magazine while I was waiting for the
train.
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163.
nonchalant
marked by blithe unconcern
164.
morose
showing a brooding ill humor
to you morose :
coming SYN overcast
sullenly adverb
165.
betrayal
the quality of aiding an enemy
2 evil or immoral :
a vile act of betrayal
vilely adverb
vileness noun [ uncountable ]
166.
phantom
something existing in perception only
...poltergeist that makes things move around all by themselves,
sometimes quite big things like beds or wardrobes. spook informal
a ghost : Im not scared of spooks. phantom literary a frightening
and unclear image of a dead person : They had seen phantoms
gliding on the surface of the water. spectre British English , specter
American...
167.
swamp
low land that is seasonally flooded
inundate / nndet / verb [ transitive ]
1 be inundated (with/by something) to receive so much of
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something that you cannot easily deal with it all SYN swamp :
After the broadcast, we were inundated with requests for more
information.
168.
sneak
to go stealthily or furtively
disguise 1 / dsaz / verb [ transitive ]
1 to change someones appearance so that people cannot
recognize them
disguise yourself as somebody/something
Maybe you could disguise yourself as a waiter and sneak in there.
169.
sullenly
in a manner showing a brooding ill humor
to you morose :
coming SYN overcast
sullenly adverb
170.
undulate
move in a wavy pattern or with a rising and falling motion
undulate / ndjlet, ndjlet $ -d- / verb [ intransitive ]
formal to move or be shaped like waves that are rising and falling :
undulating hills
undulation / ndjle n, ndjle n $ -d- / noun [
171.
mortification
strong feelings of embarrassment
mortified / mtfad, mtfad $ mr- / adjective
extremely offended, ashamed, or embarrassed
mortified to hear/find etc
Nora was mortified to discover that her daughter had been out
drinking.
mortification / mtfke n, mtfke n $ mr- / noun
[ uncountable ]
38/42
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172.
wreck
something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation
| The plane crashed into a suburb of Paris, demolishing several
buildings.
flatten to destroy a building or town by knocking it down, bombing
it etc, so that nothing is left standing : The town centre was flattened
by a 500 lb bomb.
wreck to deliberately damage something very badly, especially a
room or building : The toilets had been wrecked by vandals.
173.
obscure
not clearly understood or expressed
| Soldiers had camouflaged the trucks with branches and dirt.
obscure literary to make it difficult to see something clearly : The
view was obscured by mist.
174.
palpable
capable of being perceived
impalpable / mplpb l / adjective formal 1 impossible to
touch or feel physically OPP palpable 2 very difficult to understand
iridescent / rdes nt, rdes nt / adjective formal showing
colours that seem to change in different lights :...
175.
fallible
wanting in moral strength, courage, or will
effect fail-safe :
infallibly adverb
176.
concealed
not accessible to view
Also used when talking about hiding your feelings, especially in
negative sentences : Several kilos of drugs were concealed in the
39/42
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back of the truck.
177.
vigorously
in an energetic manner
...condemn something/somebody Army officers openly condemned
the war. unanimously condemn something/somebody (= with the
agreement of all the people involved ) The committee unanimously
condemned the idea. vehemently/ vigorously/fiercely condemn
something/somebody (= in a very strong or angry way ) The
educational reforms were vehemently condemned by teachers.
utterly/unequivocally condemn something/somebody (= very
definitely and with no...
178.
immigrant
a person who comes to a country in order to settle there
3 to include different areas of activity, groups, time etc :
Her research straddles mathematics and social sciences.
immigrants straddling two cultures
179.
militia
civilians trained as soldiers, not part of the regular army
ADJECTIVES/NOUN + EXPEDITION
a scientific expedition He led the first major British scientific
expedition to the Amazon.
an Arctic/Antarctic expedition I accompanied the explorer on one of
his Arctic expeditions.
a military expedition The generals decided to launch a military
expedition to the region.
a punitive expedition (= one an army undertakes to punish
someone ) The Afghan army mounted a punitive expedition against
the local militia groups.
180.
conceal
prevent from being seen or discovered
| The actress put up a hand to hide her face from the cameras.
conceal formal to hide something, especially by carefully putting it
somewhere.
181.
doom
an unpleasant or disastrous destiny
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harbinger / hbnd $ hrbndr / noun [ countable ] literary

or formal
a sign that something is going to happen soon
harbinger of
These birds are considered to be harbingers of doom .
182.
magnificent
characterized by grandeur
stupendous / stjupends $ stu- / adjective
surprisingly large or impressive SYN magnificent :
a stupendous achievement
stupendously adverb
183.
matter
that which has mass and occupies space
...as a result of careful study or a lot of experience : his intimate
knowledge of the coal industry 4 PRIVATE relating to very private or
personal matters : the publication of intimate details of their affair
5 SEX formal a) relating to sex : The virus can only be transmitted
through intimate...
184.
consider
think about carefully; weigh
intuition / ntju n $ -tu-, -tju- / noun
1 [ uncountable ] the ability to understand or know something
because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts SYN
instinct :
feminine intuition
Intuition told her it was unwise to argue.
185.
able
having the necessary means or skill to do something
repertoire / reptw $ -prtwr / noun [ countable usually
singular ]
1 all the plays, pieces of music etc that a performer or group knows
and can perform
in sbs repertoire
The group include some techno in their repertoire.
repertoire of
a wide repertoire of songs
2 the total number of things that someone or something is able to
41/42
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do :
the behavioural repertoire of infants
186.
possible
capable of happening or existing
2 the smallest possible amount of a quality or feeling
vestige of
Theres not a vestige of truth in the story.
187.
certain
established beyond doubt or question; definitely known
...about a person or place that you knew well, or an event that you
experienced inevitably / nevtbli, nevtbli / adverb used for
saying that something is certain to happen and cannot be avoided
: The decision will inevitably lead to political tensions. [ sentence
adverb ] Inevitably, the situation did not please everyone....
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3/3/2016

permeate / pmiet $ pr- / verb

very happy and excited :

| At first I felt a bit out of place.

gnaw / n $ n / verb [ intransitive, transitive always +

participle trodden / trdn $ trdn / )

intrinsic / ntrnsk, -zk / adjective

about the enemys forces :

disguise 1 / dsaz / verb [ transitive ]

you think that something dishonest or illegal is happening : The

crouch / krat / verb [ intransitive ]

most of Hiroshima. reduce something to ruins/ rubble/ashes to

2 active and determined :

based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas OPP

to make someone or something have a quality, idea, or emotion

prodigious / prdds / adjective [ usually before noun ]

...countable ] something that you imagine you can see, especially

1 [ usually singular ] a large amount of something such as letters or

1 punishment after death

back of the truck.

harbinger / hbnd $ hrbndr / noun [ countable ] literary

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