Reinforced Concrete (2)

Lecture III
Columns
Under eccentric loading

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Lecture contents
- Analysis under eccentric compression
- Construction of Interaction Diagrams
- Design using Interaction Diagrams
- Approximate method for large eccentricities
- Design under eccentric tension

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Analysis under eccentric Axial loading

Usually moment is represented by axial load times eccentricity,
i.e. M = P x e

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

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Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

Resultant forces acting at centroid

Moment about plastic centroid

The British University in

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M.Shedid

Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

Plastic centroid

The British University in

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Reinforced Concrete Design (2)

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Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

An Interaction Diagram is a Graph Representing the Relationship
Between Axial Load and Moment Capacities of a RC cross section
( Failure Envelope) or
( Design Envelope)
Concrete crushes
before tension
steel yields
Tension steel
yields before
concrete crushes

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Reinforced Concrete Design (2)

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Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

How to construct ID
Select a c value
(essentially you are
selecting a strain profile).
Calculate the stress in the
steel components
Calculate the forces in the
steel and concrete, Cc, Cs and
Ts.
Determine Pr value.
Compute the Mr about the
centroid.
Compute eccentricity,
e = Mr / Pr.
The British University in
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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Reinforced Concrete Design (2)

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Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

Interaction Diagram

The British University in

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M.Shedid

Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

First, start with concentric load, that is e = 0:

For concentric load, maximum

strain for concrete is 0.003

0.003

Now increase eccentricity until

tensile face strain = 0, and
compressive face strain = 0.003
c=h

0.003

a
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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Reinforced Concrete Design (2)

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Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

Next, increase eccentricity until tensile face rebar reaches yield:

0.003

Next, double, triple, quadruple, steel strain

0.003

and determine M and N

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M.Shedid

Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

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Analysis under eccentric Axial loading (cont.)

Example
Draw Interaction Diagram for the column shown
fcu = 30 MPa
fy = 400 MPa

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Example (cont.)
Point 1 (Pure compression)

Point 2 (Compression and minimum Moment)

Point 5 (Pure Tension)

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

Example (cont.)
Point 3
Balanced condition

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Example (cont.)
Point 4
Tension failure zone

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M= 700 kN.m and P=1000 kN

Example (cont.)
M=200kN.m and P=2000kN
Interaction diagram

P= 2000 kN and e = 100 mm

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Ph.D., P.Eng.

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Design using I-D

Each design chart (dimensionless interaction diagrams) includes
several curves. Each curve represents a different t value for
different fy and fc
In design charts:
x- axis represents Mr/(fcubt2),
y-axis represents Pr /(fcubt)
To select a proper design chart, check the;
- Steel and concrete grade
- g value
- Arrangement of steel
In the final design stage objective is to select the cross section dimensions and to
find the steel area and arrangement. Therefore engineer makes assumption about
arrangement of steel and enters the charts.
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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

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Design using I-D (cont.)

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Design using I-D (cont.)

Design a rectangular column 250x650 to carry:
PUL= 1700 kN, MUL= 300 kN.m
fcu= 30 MPa, fy = 360 MPa

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

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Design using I-D (cont.)

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Design using I-D (cont.)

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Design using I-D (cont.)

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Design for large eccentricity

Summary

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Marwan Shedid
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Design for large eccentricity (cont.)

Compression failure

Tension failure

I.D. for = 0.4 to 1.0

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Economical to use < 0.4

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Design for large eccentricity (cont.)

Tension failure

Calculate C1 and determine J

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Example 1
Design a rectangular section using the following information
MUL = 300 kN.m, NUL=900 kN, b = 250 mm

220

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Ph.D., P.Eng.

212

220

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Example 2
Design a rectangular section using the following information
MUL = 500 kN.m, NUL=750 kN, b = 300 mm

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Marwan Shedid
Ph.D., P.Eng.

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Design eccentric tension

Small eccentricity

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Large eccentricity

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Design eccentric tension (cont.)

Small eccentricity

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Design eccentric tension (cont.)

Large eccentricity (approx. method)

Calculate C1 and determine J

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