2.

WEIR INTAKE STRUCTURE

ITEM 2.1
2.1.1

COFFERDAM
GENERAL

2.1.1.1

DESCRIPTION

To ensure that all areas are free from the disturbance that the water will
cause to the constructions, this item shall contain but not limited to the
following works:
a. Excavation required for the construction of the weir
b. Disposal of the excavated material
c. Backfilling around the weir structure to the original ground level or as
required by the plans
d. Works to make sure that all areas are free from water at all times during
construction such as pumping and dewatering
e. Sheet piling (if necessary)
f. Construction and removal of temporary structures such as cofferdam,
pipes, canals and ditches.
g. Diversion of existing waterways
The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer a comprehensive plan and
construction methodology on how he proposes to achieve this task. This
shall include all the materials, labor, equipment, tools, pumping units, etc.
2.1.2

EXECUTION

The Contractor shall have an engineering documentation for every cofferdam

installation activity and is accessible for review by the Engineer and
installation personnel. It must also provide a means of being held firmly and
securely against the hull in the event of a loss of differential pressure. All
patches must be secured such that they cannot rotate or move out of
alignment with the hull opening.
2.1.3

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

Accomplishment shall be expressed in percentage of all accepted work items

accomplished included of the Bill of Quantities for the period covered.
The accepted quantities measured and prescribed above shall be paid for at the
unit price indicated in the Bill of Quantities. This payment shall constitute full
payment of all work done related to care of water, materials, labor, equipment,
tools and incidentals necessary to complete this prescribed work item.

ITEM 2.2
2.2.1

CLEARING AND GRUBBING

GENERAL

2.2.1.1

DESCRIPTION

The Work under this item includes providing all labor, materials, tools and
equipment necessary for clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing of all
vegetation and debris (including earthen materials incidentally removed
with vegetation and debris), and removing structures and obstructions
located within the limits shown on the plans or designated by the Engineer,
except such objects as are designated to remain in place or are to be
removed in accordance with other sections of these Specifications. The
Work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all
vegetation and objects designated to remain
2.2.2

EXECUTION

2.2.2.1

CLEARING

Clearing shall consist of removing shrubs, and brush and disposal of all
debris including rubbish occurring within areas to be cleared. Stumps,
roots, brush, and other vegetation in the areas to be cleared shall be cut off
below the original ground surface.
2.2.2.2

HAND CLEARING

In areas where Hand Clearing is indicated on the Plans or designated by the

Engineer, no equipment on wheels shall be used. Care shall be taken to
insure that the grass, moss cover, or the natural ground as indicated in the
plan is not disturbed.
2.2.2.3

SELECTED TREE REMOVAL

Trees designated by the Engineer, outside of the normal clearing and

grubbing and/or hand clearing limits, shall be removed and disposed of in
accordance with this item. Trees to be removed may be designated by the
Engineer at any time during the performance of the contract, and may be
subject to the conditions specified under Hand Clearing. Trees designated
for selective removal shall be cut off within six inches of the ground.
2.2.2.4

REMOVE AND RELOCATE BUSH OR TREE

Bushes or trees shown on the Plans for removal and relocation shall be
removed and relocated as directed by the Engineer. Bushes and trees
designated for removal and relocation shall be carefully removed with
enough of the root wad kept intact to ensure the survival of the bush or tree
in its new locations. Bushes and trees designated for removal and
relocation that are damaged, or that do not survive as a result of the
transplanting, shall be replaced by the Contractor at its expense. The
relocated bush or tree shall be placed to original depth at a location as
directed by the Engineer.
2.2.2.5

GRUBBING

Grubbing shall consist of removal and disposal of stumps, roots larger than
seventy five (75) millimeters in diameter and matted roots from designated
grubbing areas. Logs and other organic or metallic debris and abandoned
concrete footings shall be removed.
2.2.2.6

STRIPPING

Those areas that will be disturbed by excavation, filling, access road

development, or compaction by equipment will be soil stripped to a depth of
one hundred fifty (150) meters taking into consideration all planned erosion
and sediment control practices shall be in place and functioning properly
prior to soil stripping.
2.2.3

PRODUCTS

2.2.3.1

STORAGE PILES

Topsoil that is suitable for reuse shall be placed in storage piles convenient
to areas that are to receive application of topsoil. Topsoil shall be kept
separate from the other excavated materials and shall be free of roots,
stones larger than five (5) centimeters and other undesirable materials that
would interfere with the planting.
2.2.4

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The area that is to be cleared and grubbed to be paid for will be the number of
square meter measure on the ground or site of the weir acceptably cleared in
conformity with the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed above shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for each of the particular pay items listed and included in
the Bill of Quantities. The payment shall constitute full compensation for the
removal and disposal of cleared and grubbed materials including all labor,
equipment tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in
this item.

ITEM 2.3
2.3.1

EARTH EXCAVATION
GENERAL

The excavation will generally refer to open excavation of foundation wet or dry
and in all sorts of soils.
2.3.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item shall consist of the necessary excavation for foundations and
other structures indicated in the Plans, in accordance to these
specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions
shown in the Drawings as indicated and established by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall be aware of obstructions such as pipes, conduits and
cables in the areas to be excavated. The Contractor shall verify the
existence and location of such obstructions before the start of excavation.
All excavated materials shall be disposed properly and deposited at
locations indicated by the Engineer.
2.3.1.2

NATURE of EXCAVATION:

2.3.1.2.1
Unclassified Excavation Unclassified excavation shall consist of
the excavation and disposal of all materials regardless of its nature, or
not classified and included in the Bill of Quantities under other pay
items.

2.3.1.2.2 Common Excavation Common excavation are those not included

in the Bill of Quantities under Rock Excavation or other pay items.
2.3.1.2.3 Muck Excavation Muck Excavation shall consist of the removal
and disposal of deposits of saturated of unsaturated mixtures of soils
and organic matter not suitable for foundation materials regardless of
moisture content.
2.3.2

EXECUTION

Before commencement of excavation, spot levels on an approved grid covering

the entire plot shall be taken by the Contractor in consultation with the
Engineer and a proper record of these levels shall be kept jointly signed by the
Contractor and the Engineer. A block level plan showing all ground levels of the
plot shall be prepared by Contractor and shall also be jointly signed by the
Contractor and the Engineer.
Excavation shall include removal of all materials of whatever nature at all
depths and whether wet or dry necessary for the construction of foundation
exactly in accordance with lines, levels, grades and curves shown in the Plans
or as directed by the Engineer. The bottoms of excavation shall be leveled both
longitudinal and transversely or sloped as directed by the Engineer.
Should the contractor excavate to a greater depth or width than shown on the
Plans or as directed by the Engineer, he shall at his own expense fill the extra
depth or width in cement concrete in proportion as to be directed by the
Engineer. The Contractor shall report to the Engineer when the excavations are
ready to receive concrete. No concrete shall be placed in foundations until the
Contractor has obtained the Engineers approval. In case, the excavation is
done through different types of soil and if different rates are applicable as per
provision in the Bill of Quantities, the Contractor must get the dimensions of
the strata agreed by the Engineer for payment. If no specific provisions is made
in the Bill of Quantities it will be presumed that excavation shall be in all types
of soil and the contractor's rate hall cover for the same.
When there is evidence of discrepancy between the actual elevations and those
shown in the plans, a pre-construction survey shall be conducted by the
Contractor under the control of the Engineer to serve as the basis for the
computation of the actual volume of excavated materials. All excavation shall
be finished to a reasonably smooth and even surface. Excavation operation
shall be carried out with outmost care ensuring that foundations below
existing parts of structure shall not be disturbed.
If instructed by the Engineer all foundation pits, and similar excavations shall
be strongly fenced and marked with red lights at night to avoid accidents.
Adequate protective measure shall be taken to make sure that the excavation
does not affect or damage adjoining structures. All measures required for the
safety of excavations, the people working in and around the foundation
trenches, property and the people in the vicinity shall be taken by the
Contractor at his own cost. He shall be entirely responsible for any injury and
damage to property caused by his negligence or accident due to his
constructional operations, storage of materials etc. Should there be
disturbance of foundations below existing structures same shall be repaired

and restored in a manner acceptable to the Engineer at no additional cost or

compensation.
2.3.2.1

SHORING

The sides of the excavations should be timbered or supported in such a

way as is necessary to secure these from falling in, and the shoring shall
be maintained in position as long as necessary. The Contractor shall be
responsible for the proper design of the shoring to be approved by the
Engineer to hold the sides of the excavation in position and ensure safety
of persons and properties. The shoring shall be removed as directed after
the items for which it is required are completed. Unless otherwise
mentioned in the Bill of Quantities no extra payment will be made for
shoring.
2.3.2.2

STACKING OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS

Materials suitable and useful for back filling, plinth filling or levelling of
the plot or other use shall be stacked in convenient places but not in such
a way as to obstruct free movement of men, animals and vehicles or
encroach on the area required for constructional purposes.
2.3.2.3

BACKFILLING

All shoring and form work shall be removed after their necessity ceases
and trash of any sorts shall be cleaned out from the excavation. All space
between foundation masonry or concrete and sides of excavation shall be
refilled to the original surface with approved excavated materials in layers
fifteen (15) centimeter in thickness watered and rammed. The filling shall
be done after concrete or masonry is fully set and done in such a way as
not to cause undue thrust on any part of the structure. Where suitable
excavated materials is to be used for refilling it shall be brought from the
place where it is temporarily stacked and used in refilling.
No excavation of foundations shall be filled in or covered up until all
measurements of excavations, masonry concrete and other works below
ground level are jointly recorded. Black cotton soil shall not be used for
back filling or in plinth filling.
2.3.2.4

DEWATERING

Excavation shall include bailing or pumping out water which may

accumulate in the excavation during the progress of work either from
seepage, springs, rain or any other cause and diverting surface flow if any
by bunds or other means. Pumping out of water shall be done in such
approved manner as to preclude the possibility of any damage to the
foundation trench concrete or masonry or any adjacent structure. When
water is met in foundation trenches or in tank excavations, pumping out
water shall be carried out from auxiliary pit of adequate size dug slightly
outside the excavations. The depth of auxiliary pit shall be more than the
working foundation trench levels. The auxiliary pit shall be refilled with
approved excavated materials after the dewatering is over. The excavation
shall be kept free from water:

a. during inspection and measurement

b. When concrete / masonry works are in progress and till they come
above the natural water level and
c. Till the Engineer consider that the concrete/mortar is sufficiently set
2.3.2.5

SURPLUS EXCAVATED MATERIALS

All excavated materials certified as surplus and not useful shall be

removed by the Contractor from the site in an approved manner with the
approval of the Local Authority as required to his own dump and shall be
paid as a separate item as in the Bill of Quantities. No extra claim on any
account will be paid. The items of removal of surplus excavated materials
shall only be undertaken by the Contractor when specific instruction in
this regard has been obtained from the Engineer. The Contractor must also
secure the approval of the Engineer regarding the quantity of surplus
materials to be removed prior to commencement of this item of work.
2.3.3

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The volume of excavation to be paid for will be the number of cubic meter
measure in the original position of material acceptably excavated in conformity
with the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed above shall be paid for the
contract unit price for each of the particular pay items listed and included in
the Bill of Quantities. The payment shall constitute full compensation for the
removal and disposal of excavated materials including all labor, equipment
tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this item.

ITEM 2.4
2.4.1

ROCK EXCAVATION
GENERAL

2.4.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item shall consist of the necessary rock excavation for foundations
and other structures indicated in the Plans, in accordance to these
specifications and in conformity with the lines, grades and dimensions
shown in the plans of as indicated and established by the Engineer. The
Contractor shall be aware of obstructions such as pipes, conduits and
cables in the areas to be excavated. The Contractor shall verify the
existence and location of such obstructions before the start of excavation.
All excavated materials shall be disposed properly and deposited at
locations indicated by the Engineer.
2.4.1.2

Nature of Excavation:

Rock excavation shall consist of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

rock which cannot be excavated without blasting or the use of rippers, and
all boulders or other detached stones each having a volume of 1 cubic
meter or more as determined by physical measurements or visually by the
Engineer.
2.4.2

EXECUTION

Before commencement of excavation spot levels on an approved grid covering

the entire plot shall be taken by the Contractor in consultation with the
Engineer and a proper record of these levels shall be kept jointly signed by the
Contractor and the Engineer. A block level plan showing all ground levels of the
plot shall be prepared by Contractor and shall also be jointly signed by the
Contractor and the Engineer.
When there is evidence of discrepancy between the actual elevations and those
shown in the plans, a pre-construction survey shall be conducted by the
Contractor under the control of the Engineer to serve as the basis for the
computation of the actual volume of excavated materials. All excavation shall
be finished to a reasonably smooth and even surface. Excavation operation
shall be carried out with outmost care ensuring that foundations below
existing parts of structure shall not be disturbed.
If instructed by the Engineer all foundation pits, and similar excavations shall
be strongly fenced and marked with red lights at night to avoid accidents.
Adequate protective measure shall be taken to make sure that the excavation
does not affect or damage adjoining structures. All measures required for the
safety of excavations, the people working in & around the foundation trenches,
property and the people in the vicinity shall be taken by the Contractor at his
own cost. He shall be entirely responsible for any injury and damage to
property caused by his negligence or accident due to his constructional
operations, storage of materials etc. Should there be disturbance of
foundations below existing structures same shall be repaired and restored in a
manner acceptable to the Engineer at no additional cost or compensation.
2.4.2.1

BLASTING

The transportation, handling, storage, and use of dynamite and other

explosives shall be directed and supervised by a personnel of proven
experience and ability who is authorized and qualified to conduct blasting
operations.
Blasting shall be done in a manner as to prevent damage to the work or
unnecessary fracturing of the underlying rock materials and shall conform
to any special requirements specified. When specified, the contractor shall
furnish the Engineer, in writing, a blasting plan before blasting operations
begin.
2.4.2.2

USE OF EXCAVATED ROCK MATERIALS

Suitable material from the specified excavations may be used in the

construction of required rock fill. The suitability of material for specific
purposes is determined by the Engineer.

2.4.2.3

DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS

All surplus or unsuitable excavated materials are designated as waste and

shall be disposed of by the Contractor at sites of his own choosing away
from the site of the work. The disposal shall be in an environmentally
acceptable manner that does not violate local and national rules and
regulations.
2.4.2.4

EXCAVATION LIMITS

Excavations shall comply with Department Order No. 13 1998 otherwise

known as Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the
Construction Industry. All excavations shall be completed and maintained
in a safe and stable condition throughout the total construction phase.
Structure and trench excavations shall be completed to the specified
elevations and to the length and width required to safely install, adjust,
and remove any forms, bracing, or supports necessary for the installation
of the work. Excavations outside the lines and limits shown on the Plans
or specified herein required to meet safety requirements shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor in constructing and maintaining a safe and
stable excavation.
2.4.3

MEASUREMENT/METHOD OF PAYMENT
The volume of excavation to be paid for will be the number of cubic meter
measure in the original position of material acceptably excavated in
conformity with the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
The accepted quantities, measured as prescribed above shall be paid for
the contract unit price for each of the particular pay items listed and
included in the Bill of Quantities. The payment shall constitute full
compensation for the removal and disposal of excavated materials
including all labor, equipment tools and incidentals necessary to complete
the work prescribed in this item.

ITEM 2.5
2.5.1

HAULING OF MATERIALS
GENERAL

2.5.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item shall consist of hauling of materials specified in the Bill of

Materials needed for the project. These are aggregates, cement, reinforcing
bars, lumbers, formwork sand and other materials needed for the
completion of the project.
2.5.2

EXECUTION

The Contractor shall be responsible for monitoring truck weight regulations or

the maximum allowable loads for various axle configurations on roadways
outside the project limits and on roadways within the project limits open to
general traffic. All hauling units delivering equipment or materials to the
project shall be of legal weight loads and/or have appropriate hauling permits.

The volume or amount of materials to be hauled to the project location of the

project will conform to the amount of materials required for the project as
specified on the Bill of Materials.
2.5.3

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The Contractor will be paid as per accomplishment of the project.

ITEM 2.6
2.6.1

ANCHORING 20MM RSB

GENERAL

2.6.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This work shall consist of the installation of rock dowels at the locations
and orientations designated in the Plans or by the Engineer.
The
Contractor shall select and construct the dowels and supply all materials,
equipment, and labor to test and install the dowels. The Engineer will
designate the orientation and minimum length of the dowel required.
2.6.2

SUBMITTALS

Not less than two weeks prior to commencing the rock doweling, the Contractor
shall submit in writing to the Engineer for approval:
The Contractor shall provide written evidence that the foreman and drill
operator have performed satisfactory work in similar capacities elsewhere. The
drill operator assisted by the foreman shall have installed rock dowels as
indicated in the Plan.
The Contractor shall submit a detailed plan for the rock doweling to include:
a. The proposed construction sequence and schedule.
b. The proposed drilling method and equipment.
c. The proposed drill hole diameter.
d. The proposed cement grout mix design
e. The proposed construction method for upwardly inclined anchors.
f. The proposed corrosion protection for the rock dowel system.
g. The calibration data for each load cell, test jack, pressure gauge and
master pressure gauge to be used in the proof testing.
h. The proposed stressing procedures and stressing equipment to proof test
the dowels.
Work shall not begin until the Engineer has approved the appropriate
submittals in writing.
2.6.3

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

All rock dowels, including anchorage, bearing plates, couplers, corrosion

protection, and other appurtenances, shall be products of a manufacturer

regularly engaged in the manufacturing of materials for the construction of

rock dowels.
Dowels shall be fabricated from deformed steel bars in general compliance with
DPWH Standard Specification. Anchor bar steel shall not be precut at the
factory to lengths shown in the Plans, but rather be delivered in bulk lengths
and field cut to the appropriate length. Anchor bar steel shall be provided with
either fusion-bonded epoxy coating or hot dip galvanizing for corrosion
protection. Epoxy coating shall be applied in accordance with ASTM A.
Extreme care shall be taken in the handling of epoxy-coated bars to prevent
coating damage and embrittlement. Field handling procedures for epoxycoated bars shall be in general accordance with ASTM D 3963 including
providing padding between contact points during storage and lifting and
covering coated bars to minimize ultraviolet exposure. Hot dip galvanizing
shall comply with ASTM A 15.
Each rock dowel shall be fitted with a bearing plate and nut. The plate shall
have a central hole large enough to fit easily over the dowel while maximizing
the average bearing surface for the washer and the nut. Spherical seating of
the nut is not required. Beveled washers shall be used to accommodate nonperpendicular installations.
Cement grout shall be a proven, non-shrink material capable of permanently
developing the bond and internal strength necessary for the required dowel
capacity. The use of epoxy or polyester resin as bonding agents is not allowed.
If requested by the Engineer, a sample of the cement grout shall be provided for
testing.
2.6.4

EXECUTION

Work shall proceed according to the plan and schedule submitted by the
Contractor prior to the commencement of the work.
The Engineer shall specify the location, orientation, and minimum length of
each rock dowel. The rock dowel shall be installed within five degrees of the
specified angle. Unless otherwise specified, the angle of installation shall be
perpendicular to the rock face and inclined slightly downward. If the axis of
the rock dowel is not close to perpendicular to the rock face or within the angle
provided by the beveled washer, or the rock beneath the bearing plate is not
sound, a bearing pad approved by the Engineer shall be constructed at no
additional cost, so that the rock dowel is not bent when tensioned. In all
cases, at least three quarters of the bearing plate shall be in contact with the
rock face.
The dowels shall be handled and stored in such a manner as to avoid damage
or corrosion of the coating and the steel. Damage to the dowel steel as a result
of abrasion, cuts, nicks, welds, and weld splatter will be cause for rejection.
The dowels shall be protected from dirt, rust, and harmful substances. If
heavy corrosion or pitting is noted, the Engineer will reject the rock dowel.
The entire length of the rock dowel shall be encapsulated in cement grout for a
second level of corrosion protection. All exposed parts of the dowel, bearing
plate and nut on the surface shall be painted with approved corrosion
protection paint or epoxy patching compound.

The use of hand drills for advancing the anchor hole is not allowed without
written permission by the Engineer and demonstrated effectiveness by the
Contractor.
The drill hole shall be sized to provide a minimum of 50 millimeter of grout
cover around the bar. The Contractor shall flush the drill hole of all drill
cuttings and debris with compressed air prior to the installation of the rock
dowel. Holes drilled for rock dowels in which dowel installation is considered
by the Engineer to be impractical shall be re-drilled at the Contractors
expense.
The grout equipment shall produce a grout free of lumps and undispersed
cement. The pump shall be equipped with a pressure gauge near the discharge
end to monitor grout pressures. The grouting equipment shall be sized to
enable the grout to be pumped in one continuous operation. The grout shall
be injected from the lowest point of the drill hole. The quantity of the grout
and the grout pressures shall be recorded.
When the cement grout has reached final set, the Contractor shall install the
bearing plate, washers and nut. The end of the completed rock dowel shall be
trimmed to within 15 centimeters of the rock face.
At the discretion of the Engineer, up to 5 percent, but not less than three rock
dowels, of the installed rock dowels shall be proof tested. The Contractor shall
conduct the proof test, and the Engineer will interpret the results. The rock
dowel shall be tensioned to 11, 500 kilograms with a calibrated hollow-ram
hydraulic jack using a bar extension and coupler attached to the rock dowel
and held for 10 minutes. If no loss of load occurs over this time period, the
rock dowel is acceptable. The Engineer may require additional proof of testing
beyond the 5 percent maximum, if rock dowels fail the proof testing. All failed
rock dowels shall be replaced with an additional rock dowel installed in a
separate hole. No payment will be made for rock dowels that fail or for
additional proof testing.
2.6.5

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

Rock dowels will be measured per linear meter of rock dowel installed and
accepted.
The accepted quantity shall be paid for at the contract unit price and payment
shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, including
all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work
prescribed in this item.

ITEM 2.7
2.7.1

STONE MASONRY
GENERAL

2.7.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item shall consist of stone masonry in minor structures, in headwalls,

for culverts, in retaining walls at the toes of slopes, and other places called
for on the plans, constructed on the prepared foundation bed in

accordance with this Specifications and in conformity with the lines,

grades, sections, and dimensions shown in the plans or as ordered in
writing by the Engineer. It shall include all management, labor,
transportation, materials, tools, equipment and services required to
manufacture, assemble, deliver, and install all items necessary for the
proper execution and completion of said items of work.
2.7.2

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

2.7.2.1

STONE

The stone shall be clean, hard and durable and shall be subjected to the
Engineers approval. Adobe stone shall not be used unless otherwise
specified.
Sizes and Shaped. Unless other sizes are shown on the plans, stones shall
have a thickness of not less than one and one half times their respective
thickness, and lengths of not less than one and one half times their
respective widths.
Dressing. The stone shall be dressed to remove any thin or weak portions.
Face stones shall be dressed to provide bed and joint lines that do not vary
more than twenty (20) millimeters from corners of the stones in excess
thirty (30) millimeters in radius. Bed surfaces of the face stones shall be
approximately normal to the face of the stones for about eighty (80)
millimeters and from this point may depart from a normal plane not to
exceed fifty (50) millimeters in three hundred (300) millimeters.
Finish for exposed Faces Face stones shall be pitched to line along the
beds and joints. The maximum projection of rock faces beyond the pitch
lines shall not be more than fifty (50) meters.
2.7.2.2

MORTAR

Cement, fine aggregate, and water shall conform to the respective

requirements for those materials as specified under structural concrete,
except to the grading of the aggregate which shall all pass the two and
thirty six hundredths (2.36) millimeters (No. 8) sieve, not less than fifteen
(15) percent nor more than forty (40) percent shall pass the three tenths
(0.3) millimeters (No. 50) sieve, and not more than ten (10) percent shall
pass the fifteen hundredths (0.15) millimeters (No. 100) sieve.
2.7.3

EXECUTION

2.7.3.1

SELECTION AND PLACING

When the masonry is to be placed on a prepared foundation bed, the bed

shall be firm and normal to, the face of the wall, and shall have been
approved by the Engineer before any stone is placed.
All stones shall be cleaned thoroughly and wetted immediately before being
set and the bed which is to receive them shall be cleaned and moistened
before the mortar spread. They shall be laid with their longest faces
horizontal in full beds of mortar. The stones shall be handled as not jar or
displace the stones already settled.

Suitable equipment shall be provided for setting stones larger than those
that can be handled by two men. The rolling or turning of stones on the
walls will not be permitted. If a stone is loosened after the mortar has
taken initial set, it shall be removed, the mortar cleaned off, and the stone
is loosened after the mortar has taken initial set, it shall be removed, the
mortar cleaned off, and the stone re laid with fresh mortar.
2.7.3.2

CURING

If hot or dry weather, the masonry shall be satisfactory protected from the
sun and shall be kept wet for a period of at least three days after
completion.
2.7.4

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The quantity to be paid for shall be the number of cubic meters of stone
masonry complete in place and accepted. Projections extending beyond the
faces of the walls shall not be included. In computing the quantity for payment,
the dimension used shall be those shown on the plans or ordered in writing by
the Engineer. No deductions shall be made for weep holes drain pipes or other
openings of less than one square meter in area.
The quantity of masonry, determined as provided, shall be paid for at the
contract unit price per cubic meter for stone masonry, which price and
payment shall be full compensation for furnishing and placing all materials,
including mortar for masonry, for all necessary excavation, and for all labor,
equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the item.

ITEM 2.8
2.8.1

REINFORCING BARS GRADE 40

GENERAL

2.8.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item shall consist of furnishing, bending, fabricating and placing of

steel reinforcement of the type, size, shape, and grade required in
accordance with this specification and in conformity with the requirements
shown on the plans or as directed by the Engineer.
2.8.2

SUBMITTALS

A copy of list of all reinforcing steel and bending diagrams shall be furnished to
the Engineer at the site of the work at least one week before the placing of
reinforcing steel is begun.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the accuracy of the lists and for
furnishing and placing all reinforcing steel in accordance with the details
shown on the plans.
2.8.3

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

Unless otherwise designated on the plans, or herein, all reinforcing steel shall
conform to the requirements of the following specifications:
Table 2.8.3: STEEL SPECIFICATION

Deformed Billet - Steel Bars for Concrete

Reinforcement
Deformed Steel Wire for Concrete Reinforcement
Welded Steel Wire Fabric for Concrete
Reinforcement
Cold - Drawn Steel Wire for Concrete
Reinforcement
Fabricated Steel Bar of Rod Mats for Concrete
Reinforcement
Welded Deformed Steel Wire Fabric of Concrete
Reinforcement
Plastic Coated Dowel Bars
Loy Alloy Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement

ASTM A 615
AASHTO M 31
ASTM A 496
AASHTO M 225
ASTM A 185
AASHTO M 55
ASTM A 82
AASHTO M 32
ASTM A 184
AASHTO M 54
ASTM A 497
AASHTO M 221
Type A
AASHTO M 254
ASTM A 206

Bar reinforcement for concrete structures, except No. 2 bars shall be deformed
in accordance with AASHTO M 42, M31 and M53.
Dowel and tie bars shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M31 or
AASHTO M42 except that rail steel should not be used for tie bars that are to
be bent and re-straightened during construction. Tie bars shall be free from
burring of other deformation restricting slippage in the concrete. A minimum of

one half ( 2

the length of each dowel bar shall be painted with one coat of

approved lead of tar paint before delivery to the site of the work.
The sleeves for dowel bars shall be metal of an approved design to cover fifty
(50) millimeters (2 inches), plus or minus six and three tenths (6.3) millimeters
of the dowel, with a closed end, and with suitable stop to hold the end of the
sleeve at least twenty five (25) millimeters (1 inch) from the end of the dowel
bar. Sleeves shall be of such design that they do not collapse during
construction.
Plastic coated dowel bar conforming to AASHTO M 254 may be used.
2.8.4

EXECUTION

2.8.4.1

ORDER LIST

Before materials are ordered, all order lists and bending diagrams shall be
furnished by the Contractor, for approval of the Engineer. The approval or
order lists and bending diagrams by the Engineer shall in no way relieve
the Contractor of responsibility for the correctness of such lists and
diagrams. Any expenses incident to the revisions of materials furnished
with the plans shall be borne by the Contractor.
Bar lists and bending diagrams for structures, which are included on the
Plans, do not have to be furnished by Contractor. When bar lists and
bending diagrams are included on the Plans, they are intended for
estimating approximate quantities. Contractor shall verify the quantity,

size, and shape of the bar reinforcement against those shown on the Plans
and make any necessary corrections before ordering.
2.8.4.2

PROTECTION OF MATERIALS

Steel reinforcement shall be stored above the surface of the ground upon
platforms, skids, or other supports and shall be protected as far as
practicable from mechanical injury and surface deterioration caused by
exposure to conditions producing rust. When placed in the work
reinforcement shall be free from dirt, detrimental rust, loose scale, paint,
grease, oil or other foreign materials. Reinforcement shall be free from
injuries effects such as cracks and laminations. Rust, surface scars,
surface irregularities of mill scale will not be caused for rejection, provided
the minimum dimensions are demonstrated.
2.8.4.3

BENDING

All reinforcing bars shall be bent cold except as shown on the Plans or as
permitted by the Engineer. Bars shall not be bent or straightened in a
manner that will cause damage to the bars. Irregularities in the bars shall
be caused for the rejection. Bars shall be bent around a circular pin having
the following diameter (db) in relation to the diameter of the bar (d):
Nominal Diameter (d), mm

Pin Diameter (db)

10 to 20

6d

25 - 28

8d

32 and greater

10d

Bends and hooks in stirrups or ties may be bent to the diameter of the
principal bar enclosed therein.
2.8.4.4

PLACING AND FASTENING

The reinforcing bars shall be free from dirt, loose mill scale, paint, oil,
loose rust, or other foreign substance.
Steel reinforcement shall be accurately placed in the positions shown on
the plans or as required by the Engineer and firmly held at all intersection
during the placing and setting of concrete except where spacing is less
than three hundred (300) millimeters in each direction, in which case,
alternate intersections shall be tied. Ties shall be fastened on the inside.
Distance from the forms shall be maintained by means of stays, blocks,
ties, hangers, or other approved supports, so that it does not vary from the
position indicated on the plans by more than six (6) millimeters. Blocks for
holding reinforcement from contact with the forms shall be precast mortar
blocks of approved shapes and dimensions. Layers of bars shall be
separated by precast mortar blocks or by other equally suitable devices.
The use of pebbles, pieces of broken stone or brick, metal pipe and wooden
blocks shall not be permitted. Unless otherwise shown in the plans or
required by the Engineer, the minimum distance between bars shall be
forty (40) millimeters. Reinforcement in any member shall be placed and
concrete begins. Concrete placed in violation of this provision may be
rejected and removal may be required. If fabric reinforcement is shipped in

rolls, it shall be straightened before being placed. Bundled bars shall be

tied together at not more than one and eight tenths (1.8) meters interval.
2.8.4.5

SPLICING

All reinforcement shall be furnished in the full lengths indicated on the

plans. Splices of reinforcement shall be made only at locations shown on
the Plans and provided by the steel schedule unless accepted by the
Engineer. Splices shall be staggered as far as possible. Except otherwise
indicated, splicing of reinforcement shall be in accordance with American
Concrete Institute (ACI) 318M, except that the minimum separation shall
not be less than forty (40) bar diameter. In cases where permission is
granted to splice bars, other than those shown on the plans, the additional
material required for the lap shall be furnished by Contractor at his own
expense. All splices shall be full contact splices.
Unless otherwise shown on the plans, bars shall be lapped a minimum
distance of:
Splice Type

Grade 40 Min.
Lap

Grade 60 Min.
Lap

But not less

than

Tension

24 bar diam.

36 bar diam.

300 mm

Compression

20 bar diam.

24 bar diam.

300 mm

In lapped splices, the bars shall be placed in contact and wired together.
Lapped splices will not be permitted at locations where the concrete
sections is sufficient to provide minimum clear distance of one and one
third the maximum size of coarse aggregate between the splice and the
nearest adjacent bar. Welding of reinforcing steel shall be done only if
detailed on the plans or if authorized by the Engineer in writing. Spiral
reinforcement shall be spliced by lapping at least one and a half turns or
by butt welding unless otherwise shown on the plans.
2.8.4.6

WELDING OF SPLICES

Where shown on the plans or required by the provisions of this item,

welded bar splices shall be used. All splices whether lap, weld, mechanical
or coupler, shall develop the full strength of the bar. Information on
mechanical splicing devices and couplers shall be submitted for approval
prior to use.
2.8.4.7

LAPPING OF BAR MAT

Sheets of mesh or bar mat reinforcement shall overlap each other

sufficiently to maintain a uniform strength and shall be security fastened
at the ends and edges. The overlap shall not be less than one mesh in
width.
2.8.5

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The quantity of reinforcing steel to be paid for will be the final quantity placed
and accepted in the completed structure.
No allowance will be made for tie-wires, separators, wire and other materials
used in fastening the reinforcing steel in place. If bars are substituted upon the

Contractors request and approved by the Engineer and as a result thereof

more steel is used than specified shall be measured for payment.
No measurement or payment will be made of splices added by the Contractor
for his convenience. When there is no item for reinforcing steel in the Bill of
Quantities, costs will be considered as incidental to the other item in the Bill of
Quantities.
The accepted quantity, measured as Bill of Quantities shall be paid for at the
contract unit price for reinforcing steel which price and payment shall be full
compensation for furnishing and placing all materials, including all labor,
equipment, tools and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in
this item.

ITEM 2.9
2.9.1

FORMS/ DEFORM WORKS

GENERAL

This item specifies the requirements for the design, construction and removal
of formwork required to produce the finished concrete to the shape, lines and
dimensions shown on the Plans.
2.9.1.1

DESCRIPTION

Formwork shall be meticulously checked of all recognized line and grade

references so that the final structure is within the limits of the specified
dimensional tolerances. They shall be designed to withstand the worst
combination of self-weight, live load, rate of placement, height of drop,
weight of moving equipment, together with all incidental dynamic effects
caused by placing, vibrating and compacting the concrete. The Contractor
shall verify that reinforcement is free of loose scale or rust and
contaminants and shall be fabricated in accordance with fabrication
herein specified and/or in the Plans. Reinforcement shall be checked of its
allowable tolerances and splicing requirements, and shall be kept in its
proper position during placement of concrete. The Contractor shall also
check that all samples and certificates are submitted and approved. All
items to be embedded in concrete shall be complete and in their proper
position. Partially set concrete shall not be reworked and used. Vibrators
shall not be used excessively and to transport concrete. Concrete flatwork
shall be struck level and floated to disappearance of water sheen and shall
be finished as specified. Concrete shall be cured as indicated and shall be
protected from flowing water shock or excessive vibration during curing.
2.9.2

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

The type and condition of formwork sheeting and lining, and the ability of the
formwork and its supports to withstand distortion caused by the placement
and compaction of the concrete, and the standard of workmanship used in the
formwork construction shall be such that the finished surfaces of the concrete
will conform to the requirements of the specifications and Plans.
Form lumber shall be stress graded or merchantable and shall be of non
staining species and dressed on concrete forming side if to be used for exposed

Formwork panels shall be supplied in the maximum practicable width and

length to minimize the number of joints.
Plywood panels shall be placed with the grain of the outer plies in the direction
of the span.
Form oil, or coating shall be non staining, compatible with subsequent
finishing and bonding, and shall be effective in sealing wood from moisture.
2.9.3

EXECUTION

2.9.3.1

FORMWORK DESIGN

Formwork shall be rigid, watertight, braced and tied together so as to

maintain position and shape during all construction activities, and shall
be constructed in such a way that it can be removed without damage to
the concrete. Where formwork is to be re-used, the formwork design shall
allow for the deterioration of materials through use and handling. Where
formwork requires design, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer for
review of its detailed Plans and specifications of the proposed formwork not
less than two weeks prior to the commencement of formwork construction.
The formwork design shall be verified in accordance with the Contract to
confirm that design satisfies the performance requirements of the
formwork. Any amendment to the design shall be referred to the Engineer
for review and final decision. The formwork Plans shall include all details
of formwork, formwork joints, sealing procedures, ties, size and spacing of
framing and details of any proprietary fittings or systems proposed to be
used. Where vibration is to be applied externally, the design of formwork
shall include details of external vibrators to ensure efficient compaction
and to avoid surface blemishes.
2.9.3.2

FORM CONSTRUCTION

Formwork shall be constructed and shall be of sufficient stiffness to

tolerate high frequency vibration and shall be of uniform stiffness to avoid
causing varying vibration amplitudes over the formwork surfaces during
compaction of the concrete. The constructed formwork shall maintain
correct position and shape and achieve the specified dimensions, levels
and geometry of the finished structural component. The use of wires or
bolts extended to the surface of the concrete will not be permitted except
where shown on the Plans. Any embedded ties shall remain embedded and
shall terminate not less than the minimum clear cover specified on the
Plans. All recesses shall be filled with a shrinkage compensating
cementitious mortar.
Errors in line or level of the formwork, or positioning and/or quantity of
steel reinforcement shall be corrected prior to placing concrete. The
Contractor will be responsible for any defects to the formwork,
reinforcement, embedded components, or the formed concrete surface,
which may become apparent during or after casting the concrete.
Formwork shall not be placed in locations where steel reinforcement and
other fixtures cannot be inspected, until such time that the evidence that

the reinforcement and other fixtures conform to the requirements of the

specifications and the Plans has been obtained and recorded by the
Contractor.
Fillets and chamfers shall be provided at re-entrant angles and corners.
The interior surface of formwork shall be thoroughly cleaned out and
treated with form oil or lubricant to prevent adhesion of the exposed
concrete surface. The form oil or lubricant shall be of the non-staining type
and shall not discolor the surface of the concrete. The oil or lubricant shall
be applied uniformly in a thin film and any surplus removed prior the
concrete placement. Reinforcement and other embedment shall not be
soiled by the form oil or lubricant.
Prior to commencement of the concreting operations all tie wire ends, wood
chips and other debris shall be removed from the forms. Formwork shall
be sufficiently tight at joints to prevent loss of slurry or mortar while the
concrete is in its freshly placed state, consistent with the method of
placement and compaction. Formwork shall also be mortar tight where
holes are needed to facilitate projecting reinforcement or fixing devices.
2.9.3.3

REMOVAL OF FORMS

Formwork shall be so constructed as to allow for its undisturbed

dismantling and removal from the cast concrete without shock or damage.
Shock or damage to the cast concrete shall also be prevented when
removing formwork in the vicinity of projecting reinforcement or fixing
devices. Side forms for beams, girders and walls three feet or less may be
removed as directed by the Engineer earlier than otherwise specified.
Time of removal of forms shall be as follows:
a.

Joints, beams and girder soffits.

-

Clear span less than three (3) meters seven (7) days

Clear span three (3) meters to six (6) meters fourteen (14)

Clear span over six (6) meters twenty one (21) days.

days

b.

Slabs
-

Clear span six (6) meters seven (7) days

Clear span over six (6) meters fourteen (14) days

Formwork tolerance for cast in place concrete form plumb shall be as

follows:
a.
Lines and surfaces of columns, piers, walls and arises one (1)
centimeter per three and five hundredths (3.05) meters but not more
than three (3) centimeters.
b.
Exposed corner
conspicuous lines:
-

columns,

control

joints,

In any bay one half () centimeters

grooves

and

all

Distances up to six (6) meters one half () centimeters

Distances up to twelve (12) meters one (1) centimeters

Shoring
All trenches and other excavations shall be properly sheeted and
braced, to furnish working conditions acceptable to the Engineer.
Bracing shall be so arranged as not to place any strains on portions of
completed work until the general construction has proceeded far
enough to provide ample strength in the opinion of the Engineer.
2.9.4

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The quantities measured as arranged above shall be paid for at the contract
unit price of the pay item that is contained within the Bill of Quantities.
Payment shall be the reimbursement for all materials, labor, equipment, tools,
and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this item.

ITEM 2.10

CONCRETING WORKS (3500 PSI)

2.10.1 GENERAL
Concrete shall be composed of Portland cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate, water and admixtures as specified for the work except as otherwise
authorized in writing by the Engineer. Ready mix concrete shall be permitted,
provided it can be placed within the time requirements specified and complies
with all of the provisions hereinafter specified.
2.10.1.1 DESCRIPTION
This item shall consist of furnishing, placing, and finishing concrete in
concrete/ reinforced concrete structures in accordance with this
specification and conforming to the lines, grades, and dimension shown on
the plans.
a.

All reinforced concrete horizontal, vertical construction and expansion

joints shall be provided with rubber water stop dumbbell type.

b.

Concrete for foundation, beams, columns, weir and desander shall

have the strength of at least 3500 psi.

c.

Unless indicated all structures not exposed to water shall have a

comprehensive strength of at least 3000 psi.

2.10.2 SUBMITTALS
Samples of constituent materials and of concrete as placed shall be subjected
to laboratory tests. The Contractor shall submit samples of materials as
directed by the Engineer for his approval and all materials incorporated shall
conform to the approved samples. The Contractor shall design the concrete
mixes for all classes of concrete as will be define in this specification and
submit his proposal together with the test results of the strength of all classes
of the concrete mix design for the approval of the Engineer. The design of the
concrete mixes and the concrete strength test shall be made in the field

laboratory in the presence of the Engineer or his representative. The

Contractor is responsible for all expenses incurred in this process.
The use of ready-mixed concrete in any part of the work shall require the
Engineers written approval. The Contractor shall satisfy the Engineers plan as
to the sampling, trial mixing, testing and quality of concrete of various grades
shall equally applied to ready-mixed concrete, which shall be made and
delivered. Every additional facility including transport, which the Engineer or
persons authorized by him may require for the supervision and inspection of
batching, mixing and transporting to site of ready-mixed concrete shall be
provided by the Contractor at no extra cost to the client. Prior to any major
concreting as instructed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall submit a
method statement furnishing all the relevant details including the plants he
intends to use for the approval of the Engineer.

2.10.3 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

2.10.3.1 PORTLAND CEMENT
The cement used for any particular mixed shall comply with the following
cited specification for the type specified or permitted.
TYPE

SPECIFICATION

Portland Cement

AASHTO M 85 (ASTM C 150)

Blended Hydraulic Cements

AASHTO M 240 (ASTM 595)

Masonry Cement

AASHTO M 150 (ASTM C91)

When types IV and V (AASHTO M 85), P and PA (AASHTO M 150) cements

are used, proper recognition shall be given to the effects of slower strength
gain on concrete proportioning and construction practices. Types S and
SA cements will be permitted only when blended with Portland cement in
proportions approved only by the Engineer.
Unless otherwise permitted by the Engineer, the product of only one mill
of any brand and type of Portland cement shall be used on the project.
The cement shall be in bags sealed with the manufacturers seal. The
storage shall be maintain in a perfectly dry and well ventilated condition
above ground level or as per instructions issued by the Engineer. Any
cement which has been deteriorated or caked or which has been damaged
due to any reason whatsoever shall not be used. Should the results of any
laboratory tests show that any samples does not comply with the specified
requirement, the whole consignment from which the sample was taken,
shall be rejected and replaced with cement of satisfactory quality all
shouldered by the Contractor. Any work carried out with the failed cement

shall also be dismantled or corrective action taken by the Contractor as

per instructions of the Engineer.
2.10.3.2 CONCRETE AGGREGATE
2.10.3.2.1

FINE AGGREGATES

Sand or fine aggregate shall be comprise of natural sand, washed

and sieved to remove particles larger than five (5) millimeters. It can
be stone screenings or other inert materials with similar
characteristics, or combination thereof, having hard, strong and
durable particles approved by the Engineer. Fine aggregate from
different sources of supply shall not be mixed or stored in the same
pile nor used alternately in the same class of concrete without the
approval of the Engineer.
Fine aggregate shall not contain more than three (3)
material passing the seventy five hundredths (0.75)
200) sieve by washing nor more than one (1) mass
clay lumps or shale. The use of beach sand will
without the approval of the Engineer.

mass percent of
millimeters (No.
percent each of
not be allowed

If the fine aggregate is subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium

sulfate soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed ten (10)
mass percent.
The fine aggregate shall be free from damaging amounts of organic
impurities. If subjected to colorimetric test for organic impurities
and a color darker than the standard is produced, it shall be
rejected. However, when tested for the effect of organic impurities of
strength of mortar by AASHTO T71, the fine aggregate may be used
if the relative strength at seven (7) and twenty eight (28) days is not
less than ninety five (95) mass percent.
Fine aggregate shall be capable of developing eighty (80) percent of
the tensile strength of Ottawa sand. It shall be well graded from
course to fine and not contain more than one (1) percent clay, coal,
lignite and other deleterious substances such as shale, alkali, mica,
coated grains, soft and flaky particles when tested according ASTM
methods. All fine aggregate shall conform to the following
requirements:
TABLE 2.10.3.2.1:

PERCENT PASSING OF DIFFERENT

SIEVE SIZE

Sieve Size
9.5 mm (

3
8

Percent Passing
in )

100

4.75 mm ( No. 4 )

95 100

1.18 mm ( No. 16 )

45 80

0.30 mm ( No. 50 )

5 30

0.15 mm ( No. 100 )

0 10

2.10.3.2.2

COURSE AGGREGATES

Coarse Aggregate shall be composed of hard, strong crystalline rock

free form shale or other soft materials and free from any adherent
coating or vegetable matter. It can be crushed stones, gravel, blast
furnace slag, or other approved inert materials of similar
characteristics, or combination thereof, having hard, strong, durable
pieces and free from any adherent coatings.
Coarse aggregates shall not contain more than one (1) mass percent
of material passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve, not more than
0.25 mass percent of clay lumps, nor more than 3.5 mass percent of
soft fragments.
If the course aggregate is subjected to five (5) cycles of the sodium
sulfate soundness test, the weighted loss shall not exceed 12 mass
percent.
It shall have a maximum mass percent of forty (40) when tested by
AASHTO T 96. If slag is used, its density shall not be less than one
thousand one hundred twenty (1120) kilograms per cubic meter or
seventy (70) pounds per cubic foot. Only one grading specification
shall be used and it shall conform to the following required grading
for coarse aggregate.
TABLE 2.10.3.2.2: GRADING FOR COARSE AGGREGATE
SIEVE

DESIGNATION

MASS

PERCENT

PASSING

STANDARD
mm

ALTERNATE
U.S. Standard

GRADING
A

GRADING
B

GRADING
C

75.0

3 in

100

63.0

2 in

90 100

100

100

50.0

2 in

90 100

95 100

37.5

1 in

25 60

35 75

25.0

1 in

0 15

35 70

19.0

in

0 10

12.5

in

05

05

10 30

4.75

No. 4

05

2.10.3.2.3

AGGREGATE TESTS

Testing of aggregates is a way by which the properties of a material

are routinely evaluated and compared with the appropriate
specification requirements. Samples of the aggregates to be used
shall be selected by the Engineer for tests at least thirty (30) days
before the start of actual concreting operations. It shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor to designate the sources of
aggregates to give the Engineer ample time to obtain the necessary
samples and submit them for testing.

No aggregate shall be used until advice has been received that it has
satisfactory passed all tests to the satisfaction of the Engineer, at
which time written approval shall be given for its use.
In stating requirements for most materials, reference has been made
to AASHTO and ASTM Standard Specification for material. Those
Specifications, in turn, include reference to the respective AASHTO
and ASTM methods of sampling and testing. In such instances the
following methods of sampling and testing will govern:
TEST METHOD

2.10.3.2.4

SPECIFICATION

Amount of Material Finer

than 0.075 mm Sieve in
Aggregate

AASHTO T 11

Unit Weight of Aggregate

AASHTO T 19

Sieve Analysis of Fine and

Course Aggregates

AASHTO T 27

Resistance to Abrasion of
Small Size Coarse
Aggregate by Use of the Los
Angeles Machine

AASHTO T 96

Soundness of Aggregate by
Use of Sodium Sulfate of
Magnesium Sulfate

AASHTO T 104

WATER

Water to be used in concrete works such as mixing, curing, or other

assigned application shall be sensibly clean and fresh. It shall be
free from oil, acids, alkali, sewage, and organic or other deleterious
matter. Water will be tested in accordance with and shall meet the
requirements of water from DPWH Standard and Specification for
Public Works and Highways. Drinking water may be used without
test. Where the source of water is shallow, the intake shall be so
enclosed as to exclude silt, mud, grass or other foreign materials.
2.10.3.2.5

METAL REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement shall be detailed, fabricated, placed, and supported

in place in accordance with the following specifications:
Deformed and Plain Billet Steel

(ASTM A 615)

Bars for Concrete Reinforcement

AASHTO M 31

Deformed Bars Steel and Plain

ASTM A 616
ASTM A 617

For reinforcing bars to be welded, the following ASTM specifications

shall be accompanied by the requirements assuring satisfactory
weldability.

Bar and Rod Mats for Concrete

Reinforcement

ASTM 187
(ASTM A 82)

Cold Drawn Steel Wire for

Concrete Reinforcement

AASHTO M 32
(ASTM A 185)

Welded Steel Wire Fabric for

Concrete Reinforcement

(ASTM A 185)
AASHTO M 55

Except that the weld shear strength requirements of those

specification shall be extended to include a wire differential up to
and including six gauges.
Reinforcement shall be secured in place with concrete or metal
spacers. Metal spacers extending to the surface of the concrete or
wooden supports shall not be used. Reinforcement shall be free
from scale, rust, or coatings that will reduce the bond between
reinforcement and concrete.
2.10.3.2.6

RUBBER SEAL

Water stop shall be used in all vertical, horizontal, construction and

expansion joint as needed.
2.10.3.2.7

ADMIXTURES

When required by the engineer, admixtures shall be approved

quality. The Contractor shall furnish full details of the admixtures
prior to use in works. The employment of admixtures for concrete
mix shall be at the discretion of the Contractor and at no additional
cost to the Employer. The amounts and types of additives used shall
be as directed or approved by the Engineer and may be varied by
him according to the location of the work or for other reasons.
If air entraining admixture is used, it shall conform to ASTM C
260.
If used, water reducing, water proofing and water reducing,
retarding and accelerating admixtures shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM C 494.
2.10.3.3 STORAGE OF MATERIALS
Immediately upon arrival at the site, cement and aggregates shall be
stored in storage designed for the purpose or in dry weather-tight and
properly ventilated structures with floors raised in a reasonable height
above ground level with adequate provision to prevent absorption of
moisture. Aggregates shall be stored on clean hard bases that permit free
drainage. Care must be taken so as to prevent foreign objects from mixing
and cross contamination between materials will be prevented. All storage
facilities shall be subject to approval by the Engineer and shall be such as
to permit each access for inspection and identification.
2.10.4 EXECUTION
2.10.4.1 CONCRETE QUALITY

The quality and method and control of manufacture and transportation of

all concrete work irrespective of mix, whether reinforced or otherwise,
shall conform to the applicable portions of this specification. The
Engineer shall have the right to inspect the source(s) of materials, the
layout and operation of procurement and storage of materials, the
concrete batching and mixing equipment, the quality control system. Such
an inspection shall be arranged and Engineers approval obtained, prior to
starting of concrete works.
All plans submitted for approval of used for any structure in the project
shall clearly show the specified strength of concrete, Fc, of the specified
age for which it was designed.
Concrete that will be exposed to sulfate containing of other chemically
aggressive solutions shall be proportioned in accordance with
Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions for Concrete (ACI 613)
and Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural
Lightweight Concrete (ACI 613A).
2.10.4.2 METHODS OF DETERMINING THE PROPORTIONS OF CONCRETE
The determination of the proportions of cement, aggregates, and water to
attain the required strengths shall be made by one of the following
methods, but lower water cement ratios may be required for
conformance with the quality of concrete.
a. Without Preliminary Test
Where preliminary test date the materials to be used in the concrete
have not been obtained the water to cement ratio for a given strength
of concrete shall not exceed the values shown on the following table.
When strengths in excess of two hundred eighty one (281) kilograms
per square centimeter or four thousand (4000) pounds per square inch
are required of when light weight aggregates of admixtures (other than
those exclusively for the purpose of entraining air) are used, the
required water to cement ratio shall be determined in accordance with
the next method to be mention.

TABLE 2.10.4.2: MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE WATER TO CEMENT RATIO

FOR
DIFFERENT
CONCRETES
COMRESSIVE
STRENGTH

SPECIFIED
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH AT
28 DAYS, Fc
(PSI)

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE WATER CEMENT

RATIO
Non air entrained
Air entrained
concrete
concrete
U.S. gallon
U.S. gallon
per 42.6
Absolute
per 42.6
Absolute
kilograms
ratio by
kilograms
ratio by
bag of
weight
bag of
weight
cement
cement

2500

0.642

0.554

3000

0.576

0.465

3500

0.510

0.399

4000

0.443

0.354

b. For combination of materials previously evaluated to be established by

trial mixtures.
Water to cement ratios for strength greater than that shown in the
above table maybe used provided that the relationship between
strength and water to cement ratio for the materials to be used has
been previously established by reliable test data and the resulting
concrete satisfies the requirements of concrete quality.
Where previous data are not available, concrete trial mixtures having
proportions and consistency suitable for the work shall be made using
at least three different water to cement ratios (or cement content in the
case of lightweight aggregates) which will produce a range of strengths
encompassing those required for the work. For each water to cement
ratio (or cement content) at least three specimens for each age to be
tested shall be made, cured and tested for strength in accordance with
ASTM C 39 and ASTM C 192.
The strength test shall be made at seventh (7th), fourteenth (14th) and
twenty eighth (28th) days at which the concrete is to receive load, as
indicated on the plans. A curve shall be established showing the
relationship between water to cement ratio (or cement content) and
compressive strength. The maximum permissible water to cement ratio
for the concrete to be used in the structure shall be that shown by the
curve to produce an average strength to satisfy the requirements of the
strength test of concrete provided that the water to cement ratio shall
be no greater than that required by concrete quality when concrete that
is to be subjected to the freezing temperatures shall have a water
cement ratio not exceeding six (6) gallons per bag and it shall contain
entrained air.
Where different materials are to be used for different portions of the
work, each combination shall be evaluated separately.

2.10.4.3

CONCRETE PROPORTIONS AND CONSISTENCY

The Contractor shall design concrete proportion to produce concrete

required strength. Notwithstanding the acceptance by the Engineer of any
mix design and series of trial mixes, variations may be made to the
proportions when considered necessary by the Engineer.
The proportion of aggregate to cement for any concrete shall be such as to
produce a mixture which will work readily into the corners and angles of
the form and around reinforcement with the method of placing employed
on the work, but without permitting the materials to segregate or excess
free water to collect on the surface. The methods of measuring concrete
materials shall be such that the proportion can be accurately checked at
any time during the work.
2.10.4.4

SAMPLING AND TESTING OF STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

The Contractor shall provide the equipment necessary to determine the

compacting factor of freshly mixed concrete at each place where concrete
is being made and shall determine the compacting factor of the freshly
mixed concrete. At least one (1) set of sample consisting of three (3)
concrete cylinder test specimens, one hundred fifty (150) by three
hundred (300) millimeter shall be taken from each class of concrete placed
each day, and each serves to represent not more than seventy five (75)
cubic meter of concrete.
2.10.4.5

CONSISTENCY

Concrete shall have a consistency such that it will be workable in the

required position. It shall be such that it will flow around reinforcing steel
but individual particles of the coarse aggregate when isolated shall show a
coating or mortar containing its proportionate amount of sand. The
consistency of concrete shall be gauged by the ability of the equipment to
properly place it and not by the difficulty of mixing water shall be
determined by the Engineer and shall not be varied without his consent.
Concrete as dry as it is practical to place with equipment specified shall
be used.
2.10.4.6

STRENGTH TEST OF CONCRETE

Concrete shall be subjected to compressive and flexural strength test as

specified in ASTM C 31, Making and Curing Concrete Compressive and
Flexural Strength Tests Specimens in the Field. Each class of concrete
shall be represented by at least five (5) tests having an accumulation of
ten (10) specimens. Two (2) specimens shall be made for each test at a
given age, and not less than one (1) test shall be made for each one
hundred fifteen (115) cubic meter of structural concrete, but there shall
be at least one (1) test for each day concreting. The Engineer may require
a reasonable number of additional tests during the progress of the work.
Samples from which compression test specimens are molded shall be
secured in accordance with ASTM C 172. Specimens made to check the
adequacy of the proportions for strength of concrete or as a basis for
acceptance of concrete shall be made and laboratory cured in
accordance with ASTM C 31. Additional test specimens cured entirely

under field conditions may be required by the Engineer to check the

adequacy of curing and protection of the concrete.
If it appears that the laboratory cured specimen will fail to conform to the
requirements for strength, the Engineer shall have the right to order
changes in the concrete mix sufficient to increase the strength to meet
these requirements. The strengths of any specimen cured on the job are
intended to indicate the adequacy of protection and curing of the concrete
and may be used to determine as to when the forms may be stripped,
shoring removed or the structure placed in service. In the opinion of the
Engineer, the strength of the job cured specimen are excessively below
those of the laboratory cured specimen, then the Contractor may be
required to improve the procedures for protecting and curing concrete.
The age for strength tests shall be twenty eight (28) days or, where
specified, the earlier age at which the concrete is to receive its full load of
maximum stress. Additional test may be made at earlier ages to obtain
advance information on the adequacy of strength development where age
strength relationships have been established for the materials and
proportions used.
To conform to the requirements of this item:
a. For structures designed in accordance with working stress design
method of this chapter, the average of any five consecutive strength
tests of the laboratory cured specimens representing each class of
concrete shall be equal to or greater than the specified strength, Fc and
not more than twenty (20) percent of the strength test shall have values
less than that specified.
b. For structures designed in accordance with the ultimate strength
design method of this chapter, and for pre stressed structures the
average of any three consecutive strength test of the laboratory cured
specified representing each class of concrete shall be equal to or greater
than the specified strength, Fc and not more than ten (10) percent of
the strength tests shall have values less than the specified strength.
The Contractor shall provide for all costs in the making of such tests
including allowing free access to the work for the selection of samples,
providing moist storage facilities for specimen, affording protection of the
specimen against injury or loss through his operations, and furnishing
material and labor required for the purpose of taking and testing of
samples. The Contractor shall make slump tests in the field and when
instructed by the Engineer in the presence of the Engineer's
representatives.
The Engineer may request that dynamic testing or loading test to be
executed when the results of the laboratory test are not satisfactory for
completed works. The Contractor at his own cost shall carry out testing
and inspection work.
2.10.4.7

BATCHING

When batches are hauled to the mixer, bulk cement shall be transported
either in waterproof compartments or between the fine and course
aggregates. When cement is placed in contact with moist aggregates,
batches will be rejected unless mixed within one half () hours of such
contact. Sacked cement may be transported on top of the aggregates.
Batches shall be delivered to the mixer separate and intact. Each batch
shall be dumped cleanly into the mixer without loss, and, when more
than one batch is carried on the truck, without spilling of material from
one batch into another.
2.10.4.8

MIXING AND DELIVERY

Mixing of concrete shall continue until there is a uniform distribution of

material and the concrete is uniform in color and consistency. Concrete
may be mixed at the site of construction, at a central point and truck
mixing or by a combination of central point mixing and truck agitating.
Mixing the delivery of concrete shall be in accordance with the
appropriate requirements of AASHTO M 157 except as modified in the
following paragraphs of this section, for truck mixing or a combination of
central point and truck mixing or truck agitating.
The mixer shall be operated at the drum speed as shown on the
manufacturers name plate on the mixer. Any concrete mixed less than
the specified time shall be discarded and disposed of by the Contractor at
his own expenses.
The timing device on the stationary mixers shall be equipped with a bell
or any suitable warning device adjusted to give a clearly audible signal
each time the lock is released.
Mixes and weighs batches shall be maintained in first class condition
throughout the time period and any mixer or plant which is faulty shall
not be used. A mixer of any type shall be maintained in a clean
serviceable condition and their accuracy periodically checked.
If volumetric measurement is allowed, the weight proportions shall be
converted to equivalent volumetric proportions. In such cases, suitable
allowance shall be made for variations in the moisture condition of the
aggregate.
2.10.4.9

CONCRETE SURFACE FINISHES

2.10.4.9.1

CURING CONCRETE

All freshly deposited concrete shall be protected from premature

drying and excessively hot or cold temperatures, and mechanical
injury and shall be maintained with minimal moisture loss at a
relatively constant temperature for the period of time necessary for
the hydration of the cement and proper hardening of the concrete.
Curing of concrete in the field shall conform to the required standard
of ASTM C31/C31 M, Standard Practice for Making and Curing
Concrete Test Specimens in the Field.

The Contractor shall protect all concrete work against injury from
outside elements and defacement of any nature during construction
operations. All concrete, particularly exposed surfaces shall be treated
immediately after concreting or cement finishing is completed, and
shall be provided with continuous moist curing for at least seven (7)
days regardless of the ambient air temperature. Walls and vertical
surfaces may be covered with continuously saturated burlap or by
other approved means. Horizontal surfaces, slabs, and other items
shall be inundated with pool of water to a depth of one and 2 tenths
(1.2) centimeter and kept continuously wet with the use of sprinklers.
Finished surfaces and slabs shall be protected from the direct rays of
the sunlight to prevent shrinking and cracking.
The curing method shall be one or more of the following:
a. Water Method The concrete shall be kept continuously wet by the
application of water for a minimum period of seven (7) days after
the concrete has been placed.
b. Curing Compound Surfaces exposed to the air may be cured by
the application of an impervious membrane approved by the
Engineer.
c. Waterproof Membrane Method The exposed finished surfaces of
concrete shall be sprayed with water, using a nozzle that so
atomizes the flow that a mist and not a spray are formed until the
concrete has set, after which a curing membrane of waterproof
paper or plastic sheeting shall be placed.
d. Forms-in-Place Method Formed surfaces of concrete may be cured
by retaining the form in place. The forms shall remain in place for a
minimum period of seven (7) days after the concrete has been
placed, except that for members over fifty (50) centimeters in least
dimension, the forms shall remain in place for a minimum period
of five (5) days.
e. Curing Cast-in-Site Concrete All newly placed concrete cast-in
into the structures shall be cured by the water method, the formsin-place method, or as permitted herein, by the curing compound
method.
f. Curing Pre-Cast Concrete Piles All newly placed concrete for precast concrete piles, conventionally reinforced or pre-stressed shall
be cured by the Water Method as described in subsection Curing
Concrete, except that the concrete shall be kept under moisture for
at least fourteen (14) days. All the option of the Contractor, steam
curing maybe used in which case the steam curing provisions of
DPWH SS subsection 407.3.8 (6) curing pre-cast concrete shall
apply except that the concrete shall be kept wet for at least seven
(7) days including the holding and steaming period.
2.10.4.9

ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE

2.10.4.9.1

STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Concrete not meeting the requirements of this specification shall be

considered potentially deficient and may be rejected. The strength of
concrete shall be deemed acceptable if the average of three (3)
consecutive strength test results is equal to or exceeds the specified
strength and no individual test result falls below the specified
strength by more than fifteen (15) percent. Three (3) cores shall be
obtained from the affected area and cured and tested in accordance
with AAASHTO T 24. Concrete in the area represented by the cores
will be deemed acceptable if the average of cores is equal to or at
least 85 percent and no sample core is less than seventy five (75)
percent of the specified strength otherwise it shall be rejected.
2.10.4.9.2

SLUMP

Concrete not within the slump limits as designated in this item at

the point of placement may be rejected. When the concrete is tested
and found to be out of specifications, the Contractor shall
immediately adjust the mix to bring the mixture within the slump
limits.
2.10.5

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

The quality of concrete to be paid shall be the quality shown in the Bill of
Quantity unless charges in design are made in which case the quality shown
in the Bill of Quantity will be adjusted by the amount of the change for the
purpose of payment. No deduction will be made for the volume occupied by
pipes less than one hundred one (101) millimeters or four (4) inches in
diameter or for reinforcing steel, anchors, weep holes or expansion materials.
The accepted qualities of structural concrete completed in place will be paid
for at the contract unit price for cubic meter as indicated in the Bill of
Quantities.
Pay Item and Description

Unit of Measurement

Structural Concrete

Cubic Meter

Such prices and payment shall be full compensation for furnishing all
materials, including metal water stops, joints, joint filers, weep holes, and
rock backing and timber bumpers; for all form and false work; for mixing,
placing, furnishing, and curing and concrete; and for all labor, materials,
equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the item, except that
reinforcing steel shall be paid for at the contract unit price per kilograms for
reinforcing steel metal pipes and drains, metal conduits and ducts, and metal
expansion angles shall be paid for as structural steel that when the proposal
does not include an item for structural steel these miscellaneous metal parts
shall be paid for as reinforcing steel.

ITEM 2.11
2.11.1

GATE LIFTING MECHANISM FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION

GENERAL

2.11.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item includes the supply, furnishing and installation of stainless steel
intake and flushing gates.
2.11.2

CONTRACTORS SCOPE

The Contractors scope for this work item shall be the following:
a. The Contractor shall supply, install, test and commission a fully operational
weir intake, desander intake, desander flushing, head ponds drain gates as
reflected in the Plans are in accordance with the provisions of these
Specifications or as instructed by the Engineer.
b. The Contractor shall construct the framing of the Inlet Portal gate slots and
other related steel works and concrete embedded works.
2.11.3

RELATED STANDARD

It is recommended that American Water Works Association (AWWA) C501

Specification be used as guidance for selection and fabrication of the weir
intake, desander intake and desander flushing drain gates.
2.11.4

MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS

The gates shall be made of A36 steel. All materials shall be new and shall be
meet the required ultimate strength, limit of elasticity, ductility, hardness,
durability, suitability for the intended service and best engineering practice.
All materials shall comply with the latest applicable standard of ASTM unless
otherwise specified or approved by the Engineer.
The lifting mechanism of the intake and flushing gates shall be supplied and
installed by approved supplier.
Gate lifting mechanism shall consist of a steel-bodied and steel-mounted
gate with steel faced wedges and wedge blocks. Side wedges shall be
adjustable. Top and bottom wedges shall withstand seating and unseating
heads.
Frames shall be circular or rectangular flanged frames to connect with wall
thimbles and provide for openings of the shape and dimensions specified.
Each extension stem shall be the same material and the same size as the
stem of the gate it operates. Brackets and stem guides shall be made of steel
and fully adjustable. The guide block shall be bushed where it contacts the
extension stem.
The gate should be capable of withstanding the seating, unseating, and
operating heads. A seating head and an unseating head equal to the
difference between the top of levee elevation and the closed gate elevation
should be used in design. All components should be adequate to withstand all
stresses encountered during installation or operation without breakage or
deleterious deformation.
Each gate should meet leakage requirements of the AWWA. AWWA
specifications maintain that leakage under seating head should not exceed
one tenths (0.1) gallons per minute per foot of perimeter. Under the design
unseating heads, leakage should not exceed two tenths (0.2) gallons per

minute per foot of perimeter. It is recommended that each gate be equipped

with adjustable wedges. Wedges allow for gate adjustment and control of
leakage. Wedges are typically used on both upstream and downstream sides of
the gate and are also available for the top and bottom of the gate.
All materials that develop defects during or after fabrication shall be rejected
notwithstanding that they have previously passed specified tests and
inspections, and met the applicable requirements stated herein.
Gate seal shall be provided with rubber seals and are bolted on to the skin
plate by means of a steel clamp plates, stainless steel bolts, nut and washers.
The initial deflection of side and top rubber seals (J type) and the bottom seals
(I type) is five (5) millimeters.
The gate and all cast iron parts (not bearing or sliding contact) and stem
guides shall be provided with a shop applied protective coating to consider a
medium corrosive environment service. The paint system shall be in
accordance with item regarding painting somewhere in this specification.
The rising stem operator shall be composed of an actuator (drive motor and
controls), a bevel gearbox, operator base and/or stanchion as may be required
or as determined necessary by the operator manufacturer.
The completely assembled gate and hoist shall be separately shop operated
to insure proper assembly and operation. The gate shall be adjusted so that
four thousandths (0.004) inch thick gauge will not be admitted at any point
between frame and cover seating surfaces. All gates and equipment shall be
inspected and approved by the Engineer prior to shipment.
Gates and equipment shall be stored and installed in accordance with the
installation manual furnished by the gate manufacturer. After installation, the
completely assembled gate, stem, guides and lift shall be operated through
one full cycle to demonstrate satisfactory operation. Such adjustments as
necessary will be made until the Engineer approves operation. When required
by the Engineer, the gate shall be subjected to leakage tests and pass the
standard requirements for maximum leakage as specified in AWWA standards
AWWA C 501.
Joints shall be fabricated accurately for close fit. Weld exposed joints
continuously unless otherwise indicated or approved. Dress exposed welds
flush and smooth. All welds shall be according to the applicable provisions as
stated herein.
Form exposed connections with flush, smooth and hairline joints, shall use
concealed fasteners wherever possible. Use Phillips flathead (countersunk)
bolts or screws for exposed fasteners, unless otherwise shown or specified.
Furnish flat washer under connections requiring raised bolt heads. Provide
lock washer under nuts when through bolting occurs. Punch, reinforce, drill,
and tap metal work as required to receive hardware and other appurtenant
items.
Unless otherwise specified or noted, items indicated to be galvanized shall
receive a zinc coating by the hot dip process, after fabrication, complying
with the following:

a.

ASTM A 123 for plain and fabricated material, and assembled products.

b.

ASTM A 153 for iron and steel hardware.

2.11.4 EXECUTION
2.11.4.1

INSTALLATION OF EMBEDDED ITEMS

Prior to installation of replacement gate systems, the design and the

proposed gate systems along with the installation procedure should be
submitted for review.
Installation of the gate and operator should be in accordance with
manufacturers recommendations. The best method of mounting a gate lifting mechanism is to an embedded wall thimble. The second choice is to
a flanged pipe. The flange must be true in order to provide a proper
sealing surface. If a flange is to be welded to an existing pipe in the field,
in-place machining of the flange will more than likely be required after
completion of the welding process. Warping of the flange is almost certain
due to the heat associated with the welding process. If there is no existing
thimble or flanged pipe, gates are available that mount to a concrete wall.
2.11.4.2

TESTING

After installation the Contractor shall test each gate for satisfactory
operation and water tightness against maximum operating pressure
insofar as practicable. If an electric or hydraulic operator is used, limit
switches shall be adjusted following the manufacturers instructions.
A field leakage test shall be perform by the Contractor after installation of
the gates. The manufacturer shall be notified of the test so as to allow
sufficient time to enable a representative of the manufacturer to be
present at the test site. After all adjustments have been made and the
mechanism properly lubricated, each gate slide shall be operated through
one complete cycle as a final check on proper operation before starting the
leakage test.
2.11.5

MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT

Fabrication, supply and installation of gates in the Bill of Quantities are a

lump sum item. No measurement of area will be made for such item.
The quantity determined as provided above, shall be paid for at the contract
unit price per kilogram, which price and payment shall constitute full
compensation for furnishing, galvanizing, fabricating, radio graphing,
magnetic particle inspection, delivering, erecting ready for use, and painting
all steel and other metal including all labor, equipment, tools and incidentals
necessary to complete the work.

ITEM 2.12

INTAKE GATE FABRICATION AND INSTALLATION

(Same as Item 2.11)

ITEM 2.13

RAILINGS, AND OTHER STEELWORKS

2.13.1 GENERAL
2.13.1.1

DESCRIPTION

This item shall cover supply, fabrication and installation of metal railings
and other steel works as shown on the Plans including labor, materials,
equipment and tools necessary to complete the works.
2.13.2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
The structural adequacy of the metal stair design is the responsibility of the
designer or professional of record.
a. Railing assembly shall withstand a minimum concentrated load of two
hundred (200) pounds or ninety and seven tenths (90.7) kilogram applied
vertically downward or horizontally in any direction, but not
simultaneously, at any point on the top rail.
Codes may vary in method of application and magnitude of load.
Governing code should be checked for specific requirements. Most codes
require a two hundred (200) pound minimum concentrated load applied in
any direction at any point on the top rail.
b. Railing assembly shall withstand a minimum uniform load of fifty (50)
pounds per foot or two hundred ninety eight (298) kilograms per meter
applied horizontally or vertically downward, but not simultaneously, on the
top rail.
Some codes have requirements for uniform loading on the top rails. Most
codes require a fifty (50) pounds per foot minimum uniform load. Uniform
loads are not to be applied concurrently with concentrated loads.
c. Guard intermediate rails, balusters, panel fillers, posts or cables shall be
designed for a uniform load of not less than fifty (50) pounds per square
foot applied horizontally over the gross area of the guard of which they are
part. Reactions due to this loading need not be added to the loading
specified for the main supporting members of the guard.
d. Railing frame components and cable hardware shall be designed to
withstand loads encountered without excessive deflection or distortion
when cables are tensioned to conform to building code requirements.
2.13.2.1

DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

Materials shall be delivered on the job site in good condition and properly
protected against damage to finished surfaces.
Materials shall be stored in a location and in a manner to avoid damage and
in a clean, dry location away from uncured concrete and masonry. Stacking
shall be done in a way, which will prevent bending. Cover with waterproof

paper, tarpaulin, or polyethylene sheeting in a manner that will permit

circulation of air inside the covering.
Keep handling on site to a minimum. Exercise particular care to avoid
damage to finishes of material.

2.13.3 EXECUTION
2.13.3.1

PREPARATION

Areas to receive the railing system shall be examined by the Contractor. He

shall notify the Engineer if areas are not acceptable. Do not begin
installation until unacceptable conditions have been corrected.
2.13.3.2

INSTALLATION

Installation shall be in accordance with shop drawings and manufacturers

instructions at locations indicated on the drawings. The following are the
installation guidance notes as per details of location.
- Erect work square and level, horizontal or parallel to rake of steps or
ramp, rigid, and free from distortion or defects detrimental to appearance
or performance.
- Anchor railing system to mounting surface as indicated on the drawings.
- Expansion joints shall be provided as needed to allow for thermal
expansion or contraction.
- Protect railing system and finish from damage during construction.
- As installation is completed, wash thoroughly using clean water and soap
and rinse with clean water.
- Do not use acid solution, steel wool or other harsh abrasives.
2.13.3.3

RECTIFICATION OF DAMAGES

Remove stained or otherwise defective work and replace with material that
meets specification requirements.
In case of damaged finish and defective components, the contractor in all
instances will have to make good the necessary repairs at his own expense
and as directed by the Engineer.
2.13.4 MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT
The quantities measured as arranged above shall be paid for at the contract
unit price of the pay item that is contained within the Bill of Quantities.
Payment shall be the reimbursement for all materials, labor, equipment,
tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this item.

ITEM 2.14

PLASTERING WORKS (12MM THICK)

2.14.1 GENERAL

2.14.1.1

SCOPE

This item includes all materials, labor, equipment and performance of all
operations necessary to complete all plastering works for both interior and
exterior surfaces of masonry and concrete indicated on Plans and
specifications herein. It shall serve as a guide for the minimum
requirements for the system and application of Portland cement plaster.
2.14.2 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS
Where products and or systems are specified they shall be installed in
accordance with the Building Code and/or manufacturers requirements.
Do not proceed with lathing or plastering until all products or finish samples
are approved unless permitted by the Engineer.
Cement and water shall conform to the specification indicated in the item
Concreting Works somewhere in this specification.
Materials shall be delivered in their original bags with labels intact and
legible.
Storage and protection of all materials are the responsibility of the
Contractor.
2.14.2.1

ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CEMENT PLASTER

a. Cold Weather
- Do not use frozen material.
- Do not mix materials or apply cement plaster when ambient
temperature is less than thirty (35) degrees Fahrenheit or one and six
tenths (1.6) degrees Centigrade.
b. Hot Weather
- Protect cement plaster from uneven and excessive evaporation during
hot, windy, and dry weather.
- Moist curing after each coat of cement plaster with water if ambient
temperature is more than seventy five (75) degrees or twenty four (24)
degrees Centigrade. Moist cure for forty eight (48) hours after
application of coats.
- Hot, or dry, or windy weather the cement plaster should be moistened
down and then covered with a single sheet of polyethylene plastic.
- Moist curing is required at the start and end of work day.
- For humidity higher than seventy five (75) percent, moist curing is not
required.
2.14.2.2

GENERAL MIX

Proportions of materials shall be accurate for each batch. Use measuring

devices of known volume for all materials.
Size batches for complete use within maximum of one (1) hour after mixing.

Withhold ten (10) mixing of water until mixing is almost complete then add
as needed to produce necessary consistency. Keep water to a minimum.
2.14.3 EXECUTION
a. Cement Plaster Directly Over a Concrete Surface
- Concrete surface must be clean of dust, loose particles, oil, and other
foreign matter which would affect a bond of cement plaster to concrete.
- Apply a liquid bonding agent to concrete surface per manufacturers
standards.
- Test bond of cement plaster to concrete surface.
- Cement plaster must be applied with sufficient force (by hand or machine)
to develop full adhesion between plaster and the substrate.
- Cement plaster base coat must be rodded off to a true flat plane. Even and
level with screeds. Follow this by wood floating the surface. Fill all voids and
dress surface for acrylic finish.

b. Cement Plaster Directly Over Masonry Surface.

- Masonry surfaces must have two coats of cement plaster.
- Masonry surface to be clean and in condition for a direct bond of cement
plaster. Pre-wet the wall before plastering.
- Cement plaster must be applied with sufficient force (by hand or machine)
to develop full adhesion between plaster and the substrate.
- Cement plaster base coat must be rodded off to a true flat plane. Even and
level with screeds. Follow this by wood floating. Fill all voids and dress
surface for acrylic finish.
2.14.3.1

INSTALLATION OF LATH & ACCESSORIES

All items to be attached so that they are level, plumb and true, and create a
proper screed and depth for the cement plaster. Attach building paper, lath,
and accessories per standards and code.
2.14.4 MEASUREMENT/BASIS OF PAYMENT
The quantities measured as arranged above shall be paid for at the contract
unit price of the pay item that is contained within the Bill of Quantities.
Payment shall be the reimbursement for all materials, labor, equipment,
tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the work prescribed in this item.