THE 8051 MICROCONTROLLER, Scott I.

MacKenzie (3rd Edition)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS (p.1)

1.1.
Introduction
1.2.
Terminology
1.3.
The Central Processing Unit
1.4.
Semiconductor Memory: RAM and ROM
1.5.
The Buses: Address, Data, and Control
1.6.
Input/Output Devices
1.6.1. Mass Storage Devices
1.6.2. Human Interface Devices
1.6.3. Control/Monitor Devices
1.7.
Programs: Big and Small
1.8.
Micros, Minis, and Mainframes
1.9.
Microprocessors vs. Microcontrollers
1.9.1. Hardware Architecture
1.9.2. Applications
1.9.3. Instruction Set Features
1.10.
New Concepts
1.11.
Gains and Losses: A Design Example
1.12.
Problems

2.

HARDWARE SUMMARY (p.17)

2.1.
MCS-51 Family Overview
2.2.
Once Around the Pins
2.2.1. Port 0
2.2.2. Port 1
2.2.3. Port 2
2.2.4. Port 3
2.2.5. PSEN (Program Store Enable)
2.2.6. ALE (Address Latch Enable)
2.2.7. EA (External Access)
2.2.8. RST (Reset)
2.2.9. On-chip Oscillator Inputs
2.2.10. Power Connections
2.3.
I/O Port Structure
2.4.
Memory Organization
2.4.1. General Purpose RAM
2.4.2. Bit-addressable RAM
2.4.3. Register Banks

2.5.

2.6.

2.7.
2.8.
2.9.
2.10.

Special Function Registers

2.5.1. Program Status Word
2.5.2. B Register
2.5.3. Stack Pointer
2.5.4. Data Pointer
2.5.5. Port Registers
2.5.6. Timer Registers
2.5.7. Serial Port Registers
2.5.8. Interrupt Registers
2.5.9. Power Control Register
External Memory
2.6.1. Accessing External Code Memory
2.6.2. Accessing External Data Memory
2.6.3. Address Decoding
2.6.4. Overlapping the External Code and Data Spaces
8032/8052 Enhancements
Reset Operation
Summary
Problems

3.

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY (p.43)

3.1.
Introduction
3.2.
Addressing Modes
3.2.1. Register Addressing
3.2.2. Direct Addressing
3.2.3. Indirect Addressing
3.2.4. Immediate Addressing
3.2.5. Relative Addressing
3.2.6. Absolute Addressing
3.2.7. Long Addressing
3.2.8. Indexed Addressing
3.3.
Instruction Types
3.3.1. Arithmetic Instructions
3.3.2. Logical Instructions
3.3.3. Data Transfer Instructions
3.3.4. Boolean Instructions
3.3.5. Program Branching Instructions
3.4.
Problems

4.

TIMER OPERATION (p.63)

4.1.
Introduction
4.2.
Timer Mode Register (TMOD)

4.3.
4.4.

4.5.

4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
4.9.

4.10.
4.11.
4.12.

Timer Control Register (TCON)

Timer Modes and the Overflow Flag
4.4.1. 13-Bit Timer Mode (Mode 0)
4.4.2. 16-Bit Timer Mode (Mode 1)
4.4.3. 8-Bit Auto-Reload Mode (Mode 2)
4.4.4. Split Timer Mode (Mode 3)
Clocking Sources
4.5.1. Interval Timing
4.5.2. Event Counting
Starting, Stopping, and Controlling the Timers
Initializing and Accessing Timer Registers
4.7.1. Reading a Timer "On the Fly"
Short Intervals and Long Intervals
8052 Timer 2
4.9.1. Auto-Reload Mode
4.9.2. Capture Mode
Baud Rate Generation
Summary
Problems

5.

SERIAL PORT OPERATION (p.81)

5.1.
Introduction
5.2.
Serial Port Control Register
5.3.
Modes of Operation
5.3.1. 8-Bit Shift Register (Mode 0)
5.3.2. 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate (Mode 1)
5.3.3. 9-Bit UART with Fixed Baud Rate (Mode 2)
5.3.4. 9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate (Mode 3)
5.4.
Initialization and Accessing Serial Port Register
5.4.1. Receiver Enable
5.4.2. The 9th Data Bit
5.4.3. Adding a Parity Bit
5.4.4. Interrupt Flags
5.5.
Multiprocessor Communication
5.6.
Serial Port Baud Rates
5.6.1. Using Timer 1 as the Baud Rate Clock
5.7.
Summary
5.8.
Problems

6.

INTERRUPTS (p.97)
6.1.
Introduction
6.2.
8051 Interrupt Organization

6.3.
6.4.

6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
7.

6.2.1. Enabling and Disabling Interrupts

6.2.2. Interrupt Priority
6.2.3. Polling Sequence
Processing Interrupts
6.3.1. Interrupt Vectors
Program Design Using Interrupts
6.4.1. Small Interrupt Service Routines
6.4.2. Large Interrupt Service Routines
Serial Port Interrupts
External Interrupts
Interrupt Timings
Summary
Problems

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING (p.117)

7.1.
Introduction
7.2.
Assembler Operation
7.2.1. Pass One
7.2.2. Pass Two
7.3.
Assembly Language Program Format
7.3.1. Label Field
7.3.2. Mnemonic
7.3.3. Operand Field
7.3.4. Comment Field
7.3.5. Special Assembler Symbols
7.3.6. Indirect Address
7.3.7. Immediate Data
7.3.8. Data Address
7.3.9. Bit Address
7.3.10. Code Address
7.3.11. Generic Jumps and Calls
7.4.
Assemble-Time Expression Evaluation
7.4.1. Number Bases
7.4.2. Character Strings
7.4.3. Arithmetic Operators
7.4.4. Logical Operators
7.4.5. Special Operators
7.4.6. Relational Operators
7.4.7. Expression Examples
7.4.8. Operator Precedence
7.5.
Assembler Directives
7.5.1. Assembler State Control

7.6.
7.7.
7.8.

7.9.

7.10.

7.5.2. Symbol Definition

7.5.3. Storage Initialization/Reservation
7.5.4. Program Linkage
7.5.5. Segment Selection Directives
Assembler Controls
Linker Operations
Annotated Example: Linking Relocatable Segments and Modules
7.8.1. ECHO.LST
7.8.2. IO.LST
7.8.3. EXAMPLES.M51
Macros
7.9.1. Parameter Passing
7.9.2. Local Labels
7.9.3. Repeat Operations
7.9.4. Control Flow Operations
Problems

8.

PROGRAM STURCTURE AND DESIGN (p.155)

8.1.
Introduction
8.2.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Structure Programming
8.3.
The Three Structures
8.3.1. Statements
8.3.2. The Loop Structure
8.3.3. The Choice Structure
8.4.
Pseudo Code Syntax
8.5.
Assembly Language Programming Style
8.5.1. Labels
8.5.2. Comments
8.5.3. Comment Blocks
8.5.4. Saving Registers on the Stack
8.5.5. The Use of Equates
8.5.6. The Use of Subroutines
8.5.7. Program Organization
8.6.
Summary
8.7.
Problems

9.

TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT (p.181)

9.1.
Introduction
9.2.
The Development Cycle
9.2.1. Software Development
9.2.2. Hardware Development
9.3.
Integration and Verification

9.4.
9.5.
9.6.

9.3.1. Software Simulation

9.3.2. Hardware Emulation
9.3.3. Execution from RAM
9.3.4. Execution from EPROM
9.3.5. The Factor Mask Process
Commands and Environments
Summary
Problems

10.

DESIGN AND INTERFACE EXAMPLES (p.193)

10.1.
Introduction
10.2.
The SBC-51
10.3.
Hexadecimal Keypad Interface
10.4.
Interface to Multiple 7-Segment LEDs
10.5.
Loudspeaker Interface
10.6.
Non-Volatile RAM Interface
10.7.
Input/Output Expansion
10.8.
Analog Output
10.9.
Analog Input
10.10.
Summary
10.11.
Problems

11.

APPENDICES (p.227)
A.
Quick Reference Chart
B.
OPCODE Map
C.
Instruction Definitions
D.
Special Function Registers
E.
8051 Data Sheet
F.
ASCII Code Chart
G.
MON51 -- An 8051 Monitor Program
H.
Sources of 8051 Development Products

12.

BIBLIOGRAPHY