Industrial Network Example

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Abstract
This paper describes the modelling of an industrial network, which is part of the PowerFactory examples. It has different voltage
levels, and supplies AC and DC loads. Typical calculations for analysing the network are
prepared in the example and described in
the following:
Load flow calculation
Short-circuit calculation
Harmonics calculation
Motor starting simulation

the equivalent motor represents 10 motors

in total, in the basic grid model a number of
only seven motors in parallel is considered,
since it is unlikely that all ten motors are running at full power at the same time. The variation Number of parallel motors contains
the full ten motors, as it is needed for the
short-circuit calculation.
Due to the huge amount of asynchronous
machines the network has a quite low power
factor. Therefore equipment for power factor correction is used. On Subsystem A a
switchable capacitor bank is used with remote control on Terminal HV trf 110/10kV
A. On Subsystem B an SVC (Static Var
Compensator / System, SVS) is used with
remote control on Terminal HV trf 110/10kV
B.

Over-current protection
Arc-flash hazard calculation

Description of the Industrial Network Model

The industrial network example contains

two subsystems, each of them is supplied
by an HV/MV transformer. In case of a
transformer outage both systems can be
linked on the MV level. In total the systems consists of three synchronous motors,
14 medium voltage asynchronous motors,
four DC motors, one generation unit (synchronous generator), one emergency generator (synchronous generator) and one low
voltage equivalent motor, which represents
10 LV asynchronous motors. Even though
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Load Flow

The first study case (01 - Load Flow) is prepared to perform load flow calculations. This
enables the user to have an overview of the
resulting voltages as well as the impact of
automatic tap changing of the transformers
and the automatic shunt adjustment to control the power factor.

Harmonics

The rectifiers of the four DC motors are connected via Yy0 and Yd5 transformers to form
two 12-pulse rectifiers. There is another rectifier connected to the busbar of the Priority
Load. The rectifiers are causing harmonic
distortions in the AC grid.

Industrial Network Example

In the Study Case 02 - Harmonics there
are some predefined harmonic distortion diagrams with the allowed limits shown. For
the priority busbar user-defined limits are applied, which represent some special needs
for harmonic sensitive loads. By calculating the harmonic load flow, the actual harmonic distortions can be analysed. Without
further measures these distortions would exceed the limits. Therefore local filters are
connected to reduce the harmonic voltages
to acceptable levels.

DC Short-Circuit

Since PowerFactory Version 15.1 calculations of short-circuit currents within DC grids

up to 250 V are supported [2]. An appropriate DC short-circuit calculation is prepared
in the Study Case 05 - DC Short-Circuit.

Motor Start

Each motor in the networks has a specific

torque characteristic. The motors Asm D-1
Sys B, Asm D-2 Sys B, Asm D-3 Sys B,
Asm D-4 Sys B and Asm D-5 Sys B are
modeled with different starting methods. For
analysing the starting of these motors, either a simplified static simulation or a precise
dynamic simulation can be used. The results are reported in the PowerFactory Output Window. In case of dynamic simulations
the results are displayed by means of timedependent result curves in diagrams. According result diagrams are adjusted in the
Study Case 03 - Motor Start. It is possible
to analyse the start of only a single motor,
or of several motors (a motor group) at the
same time. It is also possible to define starting sequences by adjusting different starting
times for the individual motors in the dynamic
simulation.

the corresponding result boxes. On the prepared Time-Overcurrent diagrams inside the
previously mentioned Study Case the characteristics of relays are visible.

Protection / AC ShortCircuit

Arc Flash

The Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis calculation is

meant to determine the arc-flash hazard distance and the incident energy to which employees could be exposed during their work
on or near electrical equipment [3]. The results may be used to categorize the busbars
due to their protection group. It is possible
to create corresponding Arc-Flash Warning
Labels automatically.

References
[1] IEC 60909-0:2001 Short-circuit currents in three-phase a.c. systems - Part
0: Calculation of currents
[2] IEC 61660-1:1997 Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations in
power plants and substations
[3] IEEE 1584-2002 Guide for Performing
Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

The industrial network provides various overcurrent relays. Relays of feeders are also
equipped with an interlock. As described in
Section 1 the Study Case 04 - Protection /
AC Short-Circuit uses the variation Number
of parallel motors with all ten parallel LV motors considered. This enables the complete
short-circuit contribution from all machines.
After calculating the short-circuit current on
any busbar of the AC network [1], the tripping
time of the different relays are displayed in

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1205